1
|
Kim J, Ha Y, Cho K, Lee S, Jung J, Lee SB, Lee JY, Song M, Jang KS, Lee K, Ahn J, Kim C. Effects of volatile organic compounds and new particle formation on real-time hygroscopicity of PM 2.5 particles in Seosan, Republic of Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171516. [PMID: 38458451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The hygroscopicity of PM2.5 particles plays an important role in PM2.5 haze in Northeast Asian countries by influencing particle growth and chemical composition. New particle formation (NPF) and atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are factors that influence particle hygroscopicity. However, the lack of real-time hygroscopicity measurements has deterred the understanding of their effects on particle hygroscopicity. In this study, two intensive monitoring campaigns were conducted during the summer of 2021 and spring of 2022 using real-time aerosol instruments, including a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), in Seosan, Republic of Korea. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was calculated from the real-time HTDMA measurement data (κGf). The diurnal variations in κGf exhibited strong inverse linear correlations with the total concentration of VOCs (CTVOC) during the two campaigns. The higher atmospheric CTVOC in summer increased the growth rate of the particle diameter from 10 to 40 nm (6 nm/h) compared with that in spring (2.7 nm/h), resulting in a faster change in κGf for 40-nm particles in summer than in spring because of the increase in organic matter in the chemical compositions of particles. In addition, NPF events introduced additional tiny fresh particles into the atmosphere, which reduced the κGf of 40-nm particles and increased the intensity of the less hygroscopic peaks (κGf < 0.1) of κ-probability density functions (κ-PDF) in NPF days. However, 100-nm particles exhibited fewer changes in κGf than 40-nm particles, resulting in additional dominant hygroscopic peaks (κ ∼ 0.2) of κ-PDFs in both NPF and non-NPF days. When κGf values measured in Seosan were compared with those in other Northeast Asian countries in the literature, the κ values for 40-nm particles were lower than those (κ > 0.2) measured in Beijing and Guangzhou, but those for 100-nm particles were close to those measured in the two cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongbeen Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyeong Ha
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungil Cho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soodong Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsang Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Seung-Bok Lee
- Center for Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Song
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyul Lee
- Division of Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Ahn
- Division of Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kołodziejczyk A, Wróblewska A, Pietrzak M, Pyrcz P, Błaziak K, Szmigielski R. Dissociation constants of relevant secondary organic aerosol components in the atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141166. [PMID: 38224752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The presented studies focus on measuring the determination of the acidity constant (pKa) of relevant secondary organic aerosol components. For our research, we selected important oxidation products (mainly carboxylic acids) of the most abundant terpene compounds, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and δ-3-carene. The research covered the synthesis and determination of the acidity constant of selected compounds. We used three methods to measure the acidity constant, i.e., 1H NMR titration, pH-metric titration, Bates-Schwarzenbach spectrophotometric method. Moreover, the pKa values were calculated with Marvin 21.17.0 software to compare the experimentally derived values with those calculated from the chemical structure. pKa values measured with 1H NMR titration ranged from 3.51 ± 0.01 for terebic acid to 5.18 ± 0.06 for β-norcaryophyllonic acid. Moreover, the data determined by the 1H NMR method revealed a good correlation with the data obtained with the commonly used potentiometric and UV-spectroscopic methods (R2 = 0.92). In contrast, the comparison with in silico results exhibits a relatively low correlation (R2Marvin = 0.66). We found that most of the values calculated with the Marvin Program are lower than experimental values obtained with pH-metric titration with an average difference of 0.44 pKa units. For di- and tricarboxylic acids, we obtained two and three pKa values, respectively. A good correlation with the literature values was observed, for example, Howell and Fisher (1958) used pH-metric titration and measured pKa1 and pKa2 to be 4.48 and 5.48, while our results are 4.24 ± 0.10 and 5.40 ± 0.02, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wróblewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Pyrcz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Błaziak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Angle KJ, Grassian VH. Direct quantification of changes in pH within single levitated microdroplets and the kinetics of nitrate and chloride depletion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6259-6268. [PMID: 37325137 PMCID: PMC10266444 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The hygroscopicity and pH of aqueous microdroplets and smaller aerosols control their impacts on human health and the climate. Nitrate depletion and chloride depletion through the partitioning of HNO3 and HCl into the gas phase are processes that are enhanced in micron-sized and smaller aqueous droplets and this depletion influences both hygroscopicity and pH. Despite a number of studies, uncertainties remain about these processes. While acid evaporation and the loss of HCl or HNO3 have been observed during dehydration, there is a question as to the rate of acid evaporation and whether this can occur in fully hydrated droplets at higher relative humidity (RH). To directly elucidate the kinetics of nitrate and chloride depletion through evaporation of HNO3 and HCl, respectively at high RH, single levitated microdroplets are probed with cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Using glycine as a novel in situ pH probe, we are able to simultaneously measure changes in microdroplet composition and pH over timescales of hours. We find that the loss of chloride from the microdroplet is faster than that of nitrate, and the calculated rate constants infer that depletion is limited by the formation of HCl or HNO3 at the air-water interface and subsequent partitioning into the gas phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Angle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|