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Irede EL, Awoyemi RF, Owolabi B, Aworinde OR, Kajola RO, Hazeez A, Raji AA, Ganiyu LO, Onukwuli CO, Onivefu AP, Ifijen IH. Cutting-edge developments in zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and applications for enhanced antimicrobial and UV protection in healthcare solutions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20992-21034. [PMID: 38962092 PMCID: PMC11220610 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in utilizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to enhance antimicrobial and UV protective properties in healthcare solutions. It delves into the synthesis techniques of ZnO NPs and elucidates their antimicrobial efficacy, exploring the underlying mechanisms governing their action against a spectrum of pathogens. Factors impacting the antimicrobial performance of ZnO NPs, including size, surface characteristics, and environmental variables, are extensively analyzed. Moreover, recent studies showcasing the effectiveness of ZnO NPs against diverse pathogens are critically examined, underscoring their potential utility in combatting microbial infections. The study further investigates the UV protective capabilities of ZnO NPs, elucidating the mechanisms by which they offer UV protection and reviewing recent innovations in leveraging them for UV-blocking applications in healthcare. It also dissects the factors influencing the UV shielding performance of ZnO NPs, such as particle size, dispersion quality, and surface coatings. Additionally, the paper addresses challenges associated with integrating ZnO NPs into healthcare products and presents future perspectives for overcoming these hurdles. It emphasizes the imperative for continued research efforts and collaborative initiatives to fully harness the potential of ZnO NPs in developing advanced healthcare solutions with augmented antimicrobial and UV protective attributes. By advancing our understanding and leveraging innovative approaches, ZnO NPs hold promise for addressing pressing healthcare needs and enhancing patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond Femi Awoyemi
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi MS 39762 USA
| | - Babatunde Owolabi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama AL 35487 USA
| | | | - Rofiat Odunayo Kajola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester 500 Joseph C. Wilson Blvd. Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Ajibola Hazeez
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ayuba Adawale Raji
- Department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Bells University of Technology Ota Ogun State Nigeria
| | | | - Chimezie O Onukwuli
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern New Mexico University Portales New Mexico USA
| | - Asishana Paul Onivefu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen
- Department of Research Outreach, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria Iyanomo Benin City Nigeria
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Cao M, Wang F, Ma S, Bashir S, Liu S, Sun K, Xing B. Deciphering the Impact of ZnO Nanoparticles and a Sunscreen Product Containing ZnO on Phosphorus Dynamics and Release in Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquatic Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10262-10274. [PMID: 38809112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) expedite the conversion of organic phosphorus (OP) into PO4-P (Pi), facilitating phosphorus (P) absorption by algae. Our study explored the mechanisms of converting OP (2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP) and β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP)) into Pi in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under P deficiency with sunscreen and ZnO NPs. Cell density followed the order of K2HPO4 > β-GP+ZnO > β-GP > AEP+ZnO > AEP > P-free. ZnO NPs promoted the conversion of β-GP, containing C-O-P bonds (0.028-0.041 mg/L), into Pi more efficiently than AEP, which possesses C-P bonds (0.022-0.037 mg/L). Transcriptomics revealed Pi transport/metabolism (phoB (3.99-12.01 fold), phoR (2.20-5.50 fold), ppa (4.49-10.40 fold), and ppk (2.50-5.40 fold)) and phospholipid metabolism (SQD1 (1.85-2.79 fold), SQD2 (2.60-6.53 fold), MGD (2.13-3.21 fold), and DGD (4.08-7.56 fold)) were up-regulated compared to K2HPO4. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified intracellular P as polyphosphate, orthophosphate, and pyrophosphate. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray near-edge structure spectroscopy indicated that K2HPO4 and Zn3(PO4)2 in β-GP+ZnO were increased by 8.09% and 7.28% compared to AEP+ZnO, suggesting superior P storage in β-GP+ZnO. Overall, ZnO NPs improved photoinduced electron-hole pair separation and charge separation efficiency and amplified the ·OH and ·O2- levels, promoting OP photoconversion into Pi and algae growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Cao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875, China
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32000, Pakistan
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Laboratory of Synchrotron Radiation, Institute of High Energy Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Sheik A, Ranjith KS, Ghoreishian SM, Yang Y, Park Y, Son S, Han YK, Huh YS. Green approach for the fabrication of dual-functional S/N doped graphene tagged ZnO nanograins for in vitro bioimaging and water pollutant remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123077. [PMID: 38135138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Dual-functional S/N (sulfur and nitrogen) doped graphene-tagged zinc oxide nanograins were synthesized for bioimaging applications and light-dependent photocatalytic activity. Applying the green synthesis approach, graphene was synthesized from kimchi cabbage through a hydrothermal process followed by tagging it with synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The 2D/0D heterostructure prepared by combining both exhibited exceptional advantages. Comprehensive characterizations such as TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and UV-Vis spectra have been performed to confirm the structures and explore the properties of the synthesized nanocomposite. The graphene/ZnO-NP composite produced exhibited more intense fluorescence, greater chemical stability and biocompatibility, lower cytotoxicity, and better durability than ZnO NPs conferring them with potential applications in cellular imaging. While tagging the ZnO NPs with carbon derived from a natural source containing hydroxyl, sulfur, and nitrogen-containing functional group, the S/N doped graphene/ZnO heterostructure evidences the high photocatalytic activity under UV and visible irradiation which is 3.2 and 3.8 times higher than the as-prepared ZnO-NPs. It also demonstrated significant antibacterial activity which confers its application in removing pathogenic contaminant bacteria in water bodies. In addition, the composite had better optical properties and biocompatibility, and lower toxicity than ZnO NPs. Our findings indicate that the synthesized nanocomposite will be suitable for various biomedical and pollutant remediation due to its bright light-emitting properties and stable fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Sheik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yujeong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - YongHyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Son
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Q, Xu S, Zhong L, Zhao X, Wang L. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Development, and Flavonoid Synthesis in Ginkgo biloba. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15775. [PMID: 37958760 PMCID: PMC10649971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a highly valuable medicinal plant known for its rich secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can be used as nanofertilizers and nano-growth regulators to promote plant growth and development. However, little is known about the effects of ZnO-NPs on flavonoids in G. biloba. In this study, G. biloba was treated with different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (25, 50, 100 mg/L), and it was found that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs enhanced G. biloba fresh weight, dry weight, zinc content, and flavonoids, while 50 and 100 mg/L had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR revealed that the increased total flavonoids and flavonols were mainly due to the promotion of the expression of flavonol structural genes such as GbF3H, GbF3'H, and GbFLS. Additionally, when the GbF3H gene was overexpressed in tobacco and G. biloba calli, an increase in total flavonoid content was observed. These findings indicate that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs play a crucial role in G. biloba growth and the accumulation of flavonoids, which can potentially promote the yield and quality of G. biloba in production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.W.); (S.X.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Liu Q, Niu X, Zhang D, Ye X, Tan P, Shu T, Lin Z. Phototransformation of phosphite induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in aquatic environments. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120571. [PMID: 37683523 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite, an essential component in the biogeochemical phosphorus cycle, may make significant contributions to the bioavailable phosphorus pool as well as water eutrophication. However, to date, the potential impacts of coexisting photochemically active substances on the environmental fate and transformation of phosphite in aquatic environments have been sparsely elucidated. In the present study, the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a widely distributed photocatalyst in aquatic environments, on phosphite phototransformation under simulated solar irradiation was systematically investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the pristine and reacted ZnO NPs were thoroughly characterized. The results showed that the presence of ZnO NPs induced the indirect phototransformation of phosphite to phosphate, and the reaction rate increased with increasing ZnO NPs concentration. Through experiments with quenching and trapping free radicals, it was proved that photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2•-), and singlet oxygen (1O2), made substantial contributions to phosphite phototransformation. In addition, the influencing factors such as initial phosphite concentration, pH, water matrixes (Cl-, F-, Br-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-, humic acid (HA) and citric acid (CA)) were investigated. The component of generated precipitates after the phosphite phototransformation induced by ZnO NPs was still dominated by ZnO NPs, while the presence of amorphous Zn3(PO4)2 was identified. This work explored ZnO NPs-mediated phosphite phototransformation processes, indicating that nanophotocatalysts released into aquatic environments such as ZnO NPs may function as photosensitizers to play a beneficial role in the transformation of phosphite to phosphate, thereby potentially mitigating the toxicity of phosphite to aquatic organisms while exacerbating eutrophication. The findings of this study provide a novel insight into the comprehensive assessment of the environmental fate, potential ecological risk, and biogeochemical behaviors of phosphite in natural aquatic environments under the condition of combined pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China.
| | - Xingyao Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peibing Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Ting Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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