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Konstantinou C, Wang Y. Statistical and machine learning analysis for the application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation as a physical barrier to control seawater intrusion. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 263:104337. [PMID: 38522380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers is a significant problem that can be addressed through the construction of subsurface dams or physical cut-off barriers. An alternative method is the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium and create a physical barrier. However, the effectiveness of this method depends on various factors, and the scientific literature presents conflicting results, making it challenging to generalise the findings. To overcome this challenge, a statistical and machine learning (ML) approach is employed to infer the causes for the reduction in hydraulic conductivity and identify the optimum MICP parameters for preventing seawater intrusion. The study involves data curation, exploratory analysis, and the development of various models to fit the input data (k-Nearest Neighbours - kNN, Support Vector Regression - SVR, Random Forests - RF, Gradient Boosting - XgBoost, Linear model with interaction terms, Ensemble learning algorithms with weighted averages - EnL-WA and stacking - EnL-Stack). The models performed reasonably well in the region where permeability reduction is sensitive to carbonate increase capturing the permeability reduction profile with respect to cementation level while demonstrating that they can be used in initial assessments of the specific conditions (e.g., soil properties). The best performing algorithms were the EnL-Stack and RF followed by XgBoost and SVR. The MICP method is effective in reducing hydraulic conductivity provided that the various biochemical parameters are optimised. Critical biochemical parameters for successful MICP formulations are the bacterial optical density, the urease activity, calcium chloride concentration and flow rate as well as the interaction terms across the properties of the porous media and the biochemical parameters. The models were used to identify the optimum MICP formulation for various porous media properties and the maximum permeability reduction profiles across cementation levels have been derived.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuze Wang
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Li J, Feng F, Qu C, Tang C, Wang Q, Zhang W, Yan X, Lin Z. Unveiling the role of pore characteristics in sludge dewatering: Visualization by Nano-CT and micromodel study. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121191. [PMID: 38309065 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The solid-liquid separation is an indispensable and primary link in the process of sludge treatment and disposal. The past research was focused primarily on the technique explorations of sludge dewatering and always disregarded the internal pore structure and water migration behavior in sludge. In this work, the real three-dimensional pore structure of sludge was obtained by Nano-CT. Based on this, a pore-scale heterogeneous sludge micromodel was firstly presented, and the water flooding experiment was carried out to visualize the water migration behavior. The results showed that the sludge structure transformed from sheet-like floc to microsphere particles, and then agglomerated into large globular granules during anaerobic ammonia oxidation. And the equivalent pore size increases from 342 μm to 617 μm, improving the sludge dewaterability characterized by capillary suction time (CST). The most significant implication of this work was revealing the critical role of invalid connected pore in sludge dewatering. Such pore was not contributed to fluid flow but the circulating vortex in it even induced energy dissipation, thus deteriorated the sludge dewaterability. This work may be helpful to understand the critical role of pore characteristic in water migration and shed light on the new dewatering techniques from the perspective of regulating sludge structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chongjian Tang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China; Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China; Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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3
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Wang S, Chen Y, Chen R, Ma X, Kang X. Steerable artificial magnetic bacteria with target delivery ability of calcium carbonate for soil improvement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5687-5700. [PMID: 37480371 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has acquired significant attention due to its immense potential in sustainable engineering applications, particularly in soil improvement. However, the precise control of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation remains a formidable challenge in engineering practices, owing to the uncertain movement paths of bacteria and the nonuniform distribution of soil pores. Taking inspiration from targeted therapy in medicine, this paper presents novel research on the development and validation of magnetically responsive bacteria. These bacteria demonstrate the ability to target calcium carbonate precipitation in a microfluidic chip, thereby promoting an environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable biomineralization paradigm. The study focuses on investigating the migration of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in aqueous solutions and enhancing the stability of MNP culture liquids. A specially designed microfluidic chip is utilized to simulate natural sand particles and their pores, while an external magnetic field is applied to precisely control the movement path of the artificial magnetic bacteria, enabling targeted precipitation of calcium carbonate at the micron-scale. Verification of the engineered artificial magnetic bacteria and their ability to induce calcium carbonate precipitation is conducted through SEM-EDS analysis, microfluidic chip observations, and the application of the K-means algorithm and ImageJ software to analyze calcium carbonate formation. The influence of the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles on the calcium carbonate production rate was also studied. The results confirm the potential of the artificial magnetic bacteria for future engineering applications. KEY POINTS: • Sporosarcina pasteurii is first time successfully engineered into artificial magnetic bacteria. • The artificial magnetic bacteria show excellent performance of targeted transportation and directional deposition of CaCO3 in microfluidic chip. • The emergence of artificial magnetic bacteria promotes paradigm shift of next generation environmentally friendly biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Research Center for Advanced Underground, Space Technologies of Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yongqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Research Center for Advanced Underground, Space Technologies of Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- A School of Transportation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Renpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Research Center for Advanced Underground, Space Technologies of Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiongying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Research Center for Advanced Underground, Space Technologies of Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Research Center for Advanced Underground, Space Technologies of Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Jimenez-Martinez J, Nguyen J, Or D. Controlling pore-scale processes to tame subsurface biomineralization. RE/VIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2022; 21:27-52. [PMID: 35221831 PMCID: PMC8831379 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-021-09603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms capable of biomineralization can catalyze mineral precipitation by modifying local physical and chemical conditions. In porous media, such as soil and rock, these microorganisms live and function in highly heterogeneous physical, chemical and ecological microenvironments, with strong local gradients created by both microbial activity and the pore-scale structure of the subsurface. Here, we focus on extracellular bacterial biomineralization, which is sensitive to external heterogeneity, and review the pore-scale processes controlling microbial biomineralization in natural and engineered porous media. We discuss how individual physical, chemical and ecological factors integrate to affect the spatial and temporal control of biomineralization, and how each of these factors contributes to a quantitative understanding of biomineralization in porous media. We find that an improved understanding of microbial behavior in heterogeneous microenvironments would promote understanding of natural systems and output in diverse technological applications, including improved representation and control of fluid mixing from pore to field scales. We suggest a range of directions by which future work can build from existing tools to advance each of these areas to improve understanding and predictability of biomineralization science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Jimenez-Martinez
- Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jen Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Dani Or
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV USA
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5
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Zhu X, Wang K, Yan H, Liu C, Zhu X, Chen B. Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Exploring Soil Environmental Processes: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:711-731. [PMID: 34985862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigating environmental processes, especially those occurring in soils, calls for innovative and multidisciplinary technologies that can provide insights at the microscale. The heterogeneity, opacity, and dynamics make the soil a "black box" where interactions and processes are elusive. Recently, microfluidics has emerged as a powerful research platform and experimental tool which can create artificial soil micromodels, enabling exploring soil processes on a chip. Micro/nanofabricated microfluidic devices can mimic some of the key features of soil with highly controlled physical and chemical microenvironments at the scale of pores, aggregates, and microbes. The combination of various techniques makes microfluidics an integrated approach for observation, reaction, analysis, and characterization. In this review, we systematically summarize the emerging applications of microfluidic soil platforms, from investigating soil interfacial processes and soil microbial processes to soil analysis and high-throughput screening. We highlight how innovative microfluidic devices are used to provide new insights into soil processes, mechanisms, and effects at the microscale, which contribute to an integrated interrogation of the soil systems across different scales. Critical discussions of the practical limitations of microfluidic soil platforms and perspectives of future research directions are summarized. We envisage that microfluidics will represent the technological advances toward microscopic, controllable, and in situ soil research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huicong Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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6
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Kim HL, Shin YS, Yang SH. Effect of poly(acrylic acid) on crystallization of calcium carbonate in a hydrogel. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As carbonate ions are diffused into an agarose hydrogel containing calcium ions and poly(acrylic acid), elliptical and spherical calcites are controllably formed depending on the concentration of poly(acrylic acid) and the position of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk 28173, Korea
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk 28173, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk 28173, Korea
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7
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Eltarahony M, Zaki S, Kamal A, Abd-El-Haleem D. Calcite and Vaterite Biosynthesis by Nitrate Dissimilating Bacteria in Carbonatogenesis Process under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions. GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 38:791-808. [DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2021.1951398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sahar Zaki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Kamal
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Desouky Abd-El-Haleem
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Jahanbakhsh A, Wlodarczyk KL, Hand DP, Maier RRJ, Maroto-Valer MM. Review of Microfluidic Devices and Imaging Techniques for Fluid Flow Study in Porous Geomaterials. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20144030. [PMID: 32698501 PMCID: PMC7412536 DOI: 10.3390/s20144030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding transport phenomena and governing mechanisms of different physical and chemical processes in porous media has been a critical research area for decades. Correlating fluid flow behaviour at the micro-scale with macro-scale parameters, such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, is key to understanding the processes governing subsurface systems, and this in turn allows us to improve the accuracy of modelling and simulations of transport phenomena at a large scale. Over the last two decades, there have been significant developments in our understanding of pore-scale processes and modelling of complex underground systems. Microfluidic devices (micromodels) and imaging techniques, as facilitators to link experimental observations to simulation, have greatly contributed to these achievements. Although several reviews exist covering separately advances in one of these two areas, we present here a detailed review integrating recent advances and applications in both micromodels and imaging techniques. This includes a comprehensive analysis of critical aspects of fabrication techniques of micromodels, and the most recent advances such as embedding fibre optic sensors in micromodels for research applications. To complete the analysis of visualization techniques, we have thoroughly reviewed the most applicable imaging techniques in the area of geoscience and geo-energy. Moreover, the integration of microfluidic devices and imaging techniques was highlighted as appropriate. In this review, we focus particularly on four prominent yet very wide application areas, namely “fluid flow in porous media”, “flow in heterogeneous rocks and fractures”, “reactive transport, solute and colloid transport”, and finally “porous media characterization”. In summary, this review provides an in-depth analysis of micromodels and imaging techniques that can help to guide future research in the in-situ visualization of fluid flow in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jahanbakhsh
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Krystian L. Wlodarczyk
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - Duncan P. Hand
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - Robert R. J. Maier
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (D.P.H.); (R.R.J.M.)
| | - M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.L.W.); (M.M.M.-V.)
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9
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Aerobic and anaerobic removal of lead and mercury via calcium carbonate precipitation mediated by statistically optimized nitrate reductases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4029. [PMID: 32132620 PMCID: PMC7055279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonbiodegradability nature of heavy metals renders them resident in food chain and subsequently, destructing the entire ecosystem. Therefore, this study aimed to employ nitrate reduction-driven calcium carbonate precipitation in remediation of lead and mercury aerobically and anaerobically by Proteus mirabilis 10B, for the first time. Initially, Plackett-Burman design was employed to screen of 16 independent variables for their significances on periplasmic (NAP) and membrane-bound (NAR) nitrate reductases. The levels for five significant variables and their interaction effects were further optimized by central composite design. The maximum activities of NAP and NAR recorded 2450 and 3050 U/mL by 2-fold enhancement, comparing with non-optimized medium. Under aerobic and anaerobic optimized remediation conditions, the changes in media chemistry revealed positive correlation among bacterial growth, nitrate reductase activity, pH, NO3- and NO2- consumption and removal of Ca2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+. Subsequently, the remediated precipitates were subjected to mineralogical analysis; energy dispersive X-ray patterns exhibited characteristic peaks of C, O and Ca in addition to Pb and Hg. Scanning electron microscope depicted the presence of bacterial imprints and protrusions on rough and smooth surface bioliths. However, X-ray diffraction indicated entrapment of PbCO3, Pb2O, CaPbO3, Hg and Hg2O in calcite lattice. Interestingly, such approach is feasible, efficient, cost-effective and ecofriendly for heavy metals remediation.
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Morais S, Cario A, Liu N, Bernard D, Lecoutre C, Garrabos Y, Ranchou-Peyruse A, Dupraz S, Azaroual M, Hartman RL, Marre S. Studying key processes related to CO 2 underground storage at the pore scale using high pressure micromodels. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micromodels experimentation for studying and understanding CO2 geological storage mechanisms at the pore scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaïs Cario
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- ICMCB
- Pessac Cedex
| | - Na Liu
- CNRS
- Univ. Bordeaux
- Bordeaux INP
- ICMCB
- Pessac Cedex
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan L. Hartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- New York University
- Brooklyn
- USA
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11
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Yoon H, Chojnicki KN, Martinez MJ. Pore-Scale Analysis of Calcium Carbonate Precipitation and Dissolution Kinetics in a Microfluidic Device. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14233-14242. [PMID: 31718177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have characterized the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates over time caused by reaction-driven precipitation and dissolution in a micromodel. Reactive solutions were continuously injected through two separate inlets, resulting in transverse-mixing induced precipitation during the precipitation phase. Subsequently, a dissolution phase was conducted by injecting clean water (pH = 4). The evolution of precipitates was imaged in two and three dimensions (2-, 3-D) at selected times using optical and confocal microscopy. With estimated reactive surface area, effective precipitation and dissolution rates can be quantitatively compared to results in the previous works. Our comparison indicates that we can evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of effective reactive areas more mechanistically in the microfluidic system only with the knowledge of local hydrodynamics, polymorphs, and comprehensive image analysis. Our analysis clearly highlights the feedback mechanisms between reactions and hydrodynamics. Pore-scale modeling results during the dissolution phase were used to account for experimental observations of dissolved CaCO3 plumes with dissolution of the unstable phase of CaCO3. Mineral precipitation and dissolution induce complex dynamic pore structures, thereby impacting pore-scale fluid dynamics. Pore-scale analysis of the evolution of precipitates can reveal the significance of chemical and pore structural controls on reaction and fluid migration.
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12
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Wang Q, Barge LM, Steinbock O. Microfluidic Production of Pyrophosphate Catalyzed by Mineral Membranes with Steep pH Gradients. Chemistry 2019; 25:4732-4739. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306-4390 USA
| | - Laura M. Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 USA
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306-4390 USA
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13
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14
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Singh R, Sivaguru M, Fried GA, Fouke BW, Sanford RA, Carrera M, Werth CJ. Real rock-microfluidic flow cell: A test bed for real-time in situ analysis of flow, transport, and reaction in a subsurface reactive transport environment. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2017; 204:28-39. [PMID: 28802767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical, chemical, and biological interactions between groundwater and sedimentary rock directly control the fundamental subsurface properties such as porosity, permeability, and flow. This is true for a variety of subsurface scenarios, ranging from shallow groundwater aquifers to deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoirs. Microfluidic flow cells are now commonly being used to study these processes at the pore scale in simplified pore structures meant to mimic subsurface reservoirs. However, these micromodels are typically fabricated from glass, silicon, or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and are therefore incapable of replicating the geochemical reactivity and complex three-dimensional pore networks present in subsurface lithologies. To address these limitations, we developed a new microfluidic experimental test bed, herein called the Real Rock-Microfluidic Flow Cell (RR-MFC). A porous 500μm-thick real rock sample of the Clair Group sandstone from a subsurface hydrocarbon reservoir of the North Sea was prepared and mounted inside a PDMS microfluidic channel, creating a dynamic flow-through experimental platform for real-time tracking of subsurface reactive transport. Transmitted and reflected microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal laser microscopy techniques were used to (1) determine the mineralogy, geochemistry, and pore networks within the sandstone inserted in the RR-MFC, (2) analyze non-reactive tracer breakthrough in two- and (depth-limited) three-dimensions, and (3) characterize multiphase flow. The RR-MFC is the first microfluidic experimental platform that allows direct visualization of flow and transport in the pore space of a real subsurface reservoir rock sample, and holds potential to advance our understandings of reactive transport and other subsurface processes relevant to pollutant transport and cleanup in groundwater, as well as energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Singh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Energy Bioscience Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Glenn A Fried
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bruce W Fouke
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Energy Bioscience Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Geology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 601 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Energy Bioscience Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Geology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin Carrera
- BP Biosciences Center, 10628 Science Center Drive, Suite 150, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Charles J Werth
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Keaton Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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15
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Wang W, Chang S, Gizzatov A. Toward Reservoir-on-a-Chip: Fabricating Reservoir Micromodels by in Situ Growing Calcium Carbonate Nanocrystals in Microfluidic Channels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29380-29386. [PMID: 28792207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel and simple method to fabricate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) micromodels by in situ growing a thin layer of CaCO3 nanocrystals with a thickness of 1-2 μm in microfluidic channels. This approach enables us to fabricate synthetic CaCO3 reservoir micromodels having surfaces fully covered with calcite, while the dimensions and geometries of the micromodels are controllable on the basis of the original microfluidic channels. We have tuned the wettability of the CaCO3-coated microchannels at simulated oil reservoir conditions without introducing any chemical additives to the system; thus the resulting oil-wet surface makes the micromodel more faithfully resemble a natural carbonate reservoir rock. With the advantage of its excellent optical transparency, the micromodel allows us to directly visualize the complex multiphase flows and geochemical fluid-calcite interactions by spectroscopic and microscopic imaging techniques. The CaCO3-coated microfluidic channels provide new capabilities as a micromodel system to mimic real carbonate reservoir properties, which would allow us to perform a water-oil displacement experiment in small-volume samples for the rapid screening of candidate fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The immiscible fluid displacement process within carbonate micromodels has been demonstrated showing the water-oil-carbonate interactions at pore-scale in real time by fluorescence microscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Aramco Research Center-Boston, Aramco Services Company , 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sehoon Chang
- Aramco Research Center-Boston, Aramco Services Company , 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayrat Gizzatov
- Aramco Research Center-Boston, Aramco Services Company , 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Bray JM, Lauchnor EG, Redden GD, Gerlach R, Fujita Y, Codd SL, Seymour JD. Impact of Mineral Precipitation on Flow and Mixing in Porous Media Determined by Microcomputed Tomography and MRI. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1562-1569. [PMID: 28001377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation reactions influence transport properties in porous media and can be coupled to advective and dispersive transport. For example, in subsurface environments, mixing of groundwater and injected solutions can induce mineral supersaturation of constituents and drive precipitation reactions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microcomputed tomography (μ-CT) were employed as complementary techniques to evaluate advection, dispersion, and formation of precipitate in a 3D porous media flow cell. Two parallel fluids were flowed concentrically through packed glass beads under two relative flow rates with Na2CO3 and CaCl2 in the inner and outer fluids, respectively. CaCO3 became supersaturated and formed a precipitate at the mixing interface between the two solutions. Spatial maps of changing local velocity fields and dispersion in the flow cell were generated from MRI, while high resolution μ-CT imaging visualized the precipitate formed in the porous media. Formation of a precipitate minimized dispersive and advective transport between the two fluids and the shape of the precipitation front was influenced by the relative flow rates. This work demonstrates that the combined use of MRI and μ-CT can be highly complementary in the study of reactive transport processes in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bray
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University , 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3920, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717-3800, United States
| | - Ellen G Lauchnor
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University , 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3920, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - George D Redden
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University , 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3920, United States
| | - Robin Gerlach
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University , 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3920, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83402, United States
| | - Sarah L Codd
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717-3800, United States
| | - Joseph D Seymour
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University , 306 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3920, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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