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Jiang K, Yu H, Sun Z, Lei Z, Li K, Wang L. Zero-Emission Cement Plants with Advanced Amine-Based CO 2 Capture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6978-6987. [PMID: 38598712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Decarbonization of the cement sector is essentially required to achieve carbon neutrality to combat climate change. Amine-based CO2 capture is a leading and practical technology to deeply remove CO2 from the cement industry, owing to its high retrofittability to existing cement plants and extensive engineering experience in industrial flue gas decarbonization. While research efforts have been made to achieve low-carbon cement with 90% CO2 removal, a net-zero-emission cement plant that will be required for a carbon neutrality society has not yet been investigated. The present study proposed an advanced amine-based CO2 capture system integrated with a cement plant to achieve net-zero CO2 emission by pushing the CO2 capture efficiency to 99.7%. Monoethanomaine (MEA) and piperazine/2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (PZ-AMP) amine systems, which are considered to be the first- and second-generation capture agents, respectively, were detailed investigated to deeply decarbonize the cement plant. Compared to MEA, the advanced PZ-AMP system exhibited excellent energy performance with a regeneration duty of ∼2.6 GJ/tonne CO2 at 99.7% capture, 39% lower than the MEA process. This enabled a low CO2 avoided cost of $72.0/tonne CO2, which was 18% lower than that of the MEA-based zero-emission process and even 16.2% lower than the standard 90% MEA process. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the zero-emission capture cost of the PZ-AMP system would be further reduced to below $56/tonne CO2 at a $4/GJ steam production cost, indicating its economic competitiveness among various CO2 capture technologies to achieve a zero-emission cement plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hai Yu
- CSIRO Energy, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, New South Wales 2304, Australia
| | - Zening Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kangkang Li
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
- Ordos Research Institute of Energy, Peking University, Business Office Building, Kangbashi, Ordos, Nei Mongol 017010, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Changping, Beijing 102206, China
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2
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Lu H, You K, Feng W, Zhou N, Fridley D, Price L, de la Rue du Can S. Reducing China's building material embodied emissions: Opportunities and challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in building materials. iScience 2024; 27:109028. [PMID: 38433904 PMCID: PMC10906394 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Embodied emissions from the production of building materials account for 17% of China's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are important to focus on as China aims to achieve its carbon neutrality goals. However, there is a lack of systematic assessments on embodied emissions reduction potential of building materials that consider both the heterogeneous industrial characteristics as well as the Chinese buildings sector context. Here, we developed an integrated model that combines future demand of building materials in China with the strategies to reduce CO2 emissions associated with their production, using, and recycling. We found that measures to improve material efficiency in the value-chain has the largest CO2 mitigation potential before 2030 in both Low Carbon and Carbon Neutrality Scenarios, and continues to be significant through 2060. Policies to accelerate material efficiency practices, such as incorporating embodied emissions in building codes and conducting robust research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) in carbon removal are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Lu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kairui You
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Material Sciences and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Material Sciences and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Fridley
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lynn Price
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Servin-Balderas I, Wetser K, Buisman C, Hamelers B. Implications in the production of defossilized methanol: A study on carbon sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120304. [PMID: 38377750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The transition of the current fossil based chemical industry to a carbon-neutral industry can be done by the substitution of fossil carbon for defossilized carbon in the production of base chemicals. Methanol is one of the seven base chemicals, which could be used to produce other base chemicals (light olefins and aromatics). In this research, we evaluated the synthesis of methanol based on defossilized carbon sources (maize, waste biomass, direct air capture of CO2 (DAC), and CO2 from the cement industry) by considering carbon source availability, energy, water, and land demand. This evaluation was based on a carbon balance for each of the carbon sources. Our results show that maize, waste biomass, and CO2 cement could supply 0.7, 2, 15 times the carbon demand for methanol respectively. Regarding the energy demand maize, waste biomass, DAC, and CO2 from cement demand 25, 21, 48, and 45GJtonMeOH separately. The demand for water is 5300, 220, 8, and 8m3tonMeOH. And lastly, land demand was estimated to 1031, 36, 83, and 77m2tonMeOH per carbon source. The high-demanding-resource production of defossilized methanol is dependent on the availability of resources per location. Therefore, we analyzed the production of defossilized methanol in the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, China, and the USA. China is the only country where CO2 from the cement industry could provide all the demand of carbon. But as we envision society becoming carbon neutral, CO2 from the cement industry would diminish in time, as a consequence, it would not be sufficient to supply the demand for carbon. DAC would be the only source able to provide the demand for defossilized carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Servin-Balderas
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Wetser
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees Buisman
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, 8911 MA, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert Hamelers
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, 8911 MA, The Netherlands.
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4
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Wang X, Alzayer M, Shih AJ, Bose S, Xie H, Vornholt SM, Malliakas CD, Alhashem H, Joodaki F, Marzouk S, Xiong G, Del Campo M, Le Magueres P, Formalik F, Sengupta D, Idrees KB, Ma K, Chen Y, Kirlikovali KO, Islamoglu T, Chapman KW, Snurr RQ, Farha OK. Tailoring Hydrophobicity and Pore Environment in Physisorbents for Improved Carbon Dioxide Capture under High Humidity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3943-3954. [PMID: 38295342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
CALF-20, a Zn-triazolate-based metal-organic framework (MOF), is one of the most promising adsorbent materials for CO2 capture. However, competitive adsorption of water severely limits its performance when the relative humidity (RH) exceeds 40%, limiting the potential implementation of CALF-20 in practical settings where CO2 is saturated with moisture, such as postcombustion flue gas. In this work, three newly designed MOFs related to CALF-20, denoted as NU-220, CALF-20M-w, and CALF-20M-e that feature hydrophobic methyltriazolate linkers, are presented. Inclusion of methyl groups in the linker is proposed as a strategy to improve the uptake of CO2 in the presence of water. Notably, both CALF-20M-w and CALF-20M-e retain over 20% of their initial CO2 capture efficiency at 70% RH─a threshold at which CALF-20 shows negligible CO2 uptake. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the methyl group hinders water network formation in the pores of CALF-20M-w and CALF-20M-e and enhances their CO2 selectivity over N2 in the presence of a high moisture content. Moreover, calculated radial distribution functions indicate that introducing the methyl group into the triazolate linker increases the distance between water molecules and Zn coordination bonds, offering insights into the origin of the enhanced moisture stability observed for CALF-20M-w and CALF-20M-e relative to CALF-20. Overall, this straightforward design strategy has afforded more robust sorbents that can potentially meet the challenge of effectively capturing CO2 in practical industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maytham Alzayer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arthur J Shih
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Saptasree Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haomiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Simon M Vornholt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Christos D Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hussain Alhashem
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Faramarz Joodaki
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sammer Marzouk
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Grace Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark Del Campo
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, United States
| | | | - Filip Formalik
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Debabrata Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karam B Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yongwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karena W Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Talei S, Fozer D, Varbanov PS, Szanyi A, Mizsey P. Oxyfuel Combustion Makes Carbon Capture More Efficient. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3250-3261. [PMID: 38284075 PMCID: PMC10809771 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fossil energy carriers cannot be totally replaced, especially if nuclear power stations are stopped and renewable energy is not available. To fulfill emission regulations, however, points such as emission sources should be addressed. Besides desulfurization, carbon capture and utilization have become increasingly important engineering activities. Oxyfuel technologies offer new options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; however, the use of clean oxygen instead of air can be dangerous in the case of certain existing technologies. To replace the inert effect of nitrogen, carbon dioxide is mixed with oxygen gas in the case of such air combustion processes. In this work, the features of carbon capture in five different flue gases of air combustion and such oxyfuel combustion where additional carbon dioxide is mixed with clean oxygen are studied and compared. The five different flue gases originate from the gas-fired power plant, coal-fired power plant, coal-fired combined heat and power plant, the aluminum production industry, and the cement manufacturing industry. Monoethanolamine, which is an industrially preferred solvent for carbon dioxide capture from gas streams at low pressures, is selected as an absorbent, and the same amount of carbon dioxide is captured; that is, always that amount of carbon dioxide is captured, which is the result of the fossil combustion process. ASPEN Plus is used for mathematical modeling. The results show that the oxyfuel combustion cases need significantly less energy, especially at high carbon dioxide removal rates, e.g., higher than 90%, than that of the air combustion cases. The savings can even be as high as 84%. Moreover, 100% carbon capture was also be completed. This finding can be due to the fact that in the oxyfuel combustion cases, the carbon dioxide concentration is much higher than that of the air combustion cases because of the inert carbon dioxide and that higher carbon dioxide concentration results in a higher driving force for the mass transfer. The oxyfuel combustion processes also show another advantage over the air combustion processes since no nitrogen oxides are produced in the combustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Talei
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Daniel Fozer
- Department
of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Petar Sabev Varbanov
- Sustainable
Process Integration Laboratory − SPIL, NETME Centre, FME, Brno University of Technology − VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnes Szanyi
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mizsey
- Higher
Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
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6
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Jacob RM, Pinheiro JP, Tokheim LA. Electrified externally heated rotary calciner for calcination of cement raw meal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22023. [PMID: 38027667 PMCID: PMC10658365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cement industry can reduce its CO2 emissions by electrifying the calciner. It can avoid emissions from fuel combustion and produce pure CO2 from the calcination reaction (CaCO3 → CaO + CO2) for direct capture. A differential-algebraic equation (DAE) model of an electrified rotary calciner was developed and validated against experimental results. The heat transfer coefficient was around 30 W/(m2K), with the calciner inclined at 15°. This value increased to 80 W/(m2K) by reducing the inclination to 2°. The rotary calciner for producing 1 Mton/yr clinker with an internal diameter of 5 m needs a length of 485 m to reach a calcination degree of 94 %. The large system size suggests that this calciner may not be suitable for full-scale production. However, it can still be used for small-scale green production of calcined limestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron M. Jacob
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kjølnes ring 56, 3918, Porsgrunn, Norway
| | | | - Lars-André Tokheim
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kjølnes ring 56, 3918, Porsgrunn, Norway
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7
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Olsson JA, Miller SA, Alexander MG. Near-term pathways for decarbonizing global concrete production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4574. [PMID: 37516732 PMCID: PMC10387082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing urban populations and deteriorating infrastructure are driving unprecedented demands for concrete, a material for which there is no alternative that can meet its functional capacity. The production of concrete, more particularly the hydraulic cement that glues the material together, is one of the world's largest sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While this is a well-studied source of emissions, the consequences of efficient structural design decisions on mitigating these emissions are not yet well known. Here, we show that a combination of manufacturing and engineering decisions have the potential to reduce over 76% of the GHG emissions from cement and concrete production, equivalent to 3.6 Gt CO2-eq lower emissions in 2100. The studied methods similarly result in more efficient utilization of resources by lowering cement demand by up to 65%, leading to an expected reduction in all other environmental burdens. These findings show that the flexibility within current concrete design approaches can contribute to climate mitigation without requiring heavy capital investment in alternative manufacturing methods or alternative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine A Olsson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sabbie A Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Mark G Alexander
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Marques L, Mota S, Teixeira P, Pinheiro C, Matos H. Ca-looping process using wastes of marble powders and limestones for CO2 capture from real flue gas in the cement industry. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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9
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Bacatelo M, Capucha F, Ferrão P, Margarido F. Selection of a CO2 capture technology for the cement industry: An integrated TEA and LCA methodological framework. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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A review on CO2 capture and sequestration in the construction industry: Emerging approaches and commercialised technologies. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Bremen AM, Strunge T, Ostovari H, Spütz H, Mhamdi A, Renforth P, van der Spek M, Bardow A, Mitsos A. Direct Olivine Carbonation: Optimal Process Design for a Low-Emission and Cost-Efficient Cement Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Bremen
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strunge
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hesam Ostovari
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Spütz
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Adel Mhamdi
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Phil Renforth
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mijndert van der Spek
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mitsos
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-ENERGY, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Recent Advances on CO2 Mitigation Technologies: On the Role of Hydrogenation Route via Green H2. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing trend in global energy demand has led to an extensive use of fossil fuels and subsequently in a marked increase in atmospheric CO2 content, which is the main culprit for the greenhouse effect. In order to successfully reverse this trend, many schemes for CO2 mitigation have been proposed, taking into consideration that large-scale decarbonization is still infeasible. At the same time, the projected increase in the share of variable renewables in the future energy mix will necessitate large-scale curtailment of excess energy. Collectively, the above crucial problems can be addressed by the general scheme of CO2 hydrogenation. This refers to the conversion of both captured CO2 and green H2 produced by RES-powered water electrolysis for the production of added-value chemicals and fuels, which are a great alternative to CO2 sequestration and the use of green H2 as a standalone fuel. Indeed, direct utilization of both CO2 and H2 via CO2 hydrogenation offers, on the one hand, the advantage of CO2 valorization instead of its permanent storage, and the direct transformation of otherwise curtailed excess electricity to stable and reliable carriers such as methane and methanol on the other, thereby bypassing the inherent complexities associated with the transformation towards a H2-based economy. In light of the above, herein an overview of the two main CO2 abatement schemes, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU), is firstly presented, focusing on the route of CO2 hydrogenation by green electrolytic hydrogen. Next, the integration of large-scale RES-based H2 production with CO2 capture units on-site industrial point sources for the production of added-value chemicals and energy carriers is contextualized and highlighted. In this regard, a specific reference is made to the so-called Power-to-X schemes, exemplified by the production of synthetic natural gas via the Power-to-Gas route. Lastly, several outlooks towards the future of CO2 hydrogenation are presented.
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LCA and negative emission potential of retrofitted cement plants under oxyfuel conditions at high biogenic fuel shares. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8924. [PMID: 35624302 PMCID: PMC9142509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of oxyfuel carbon capture and storage technologies in combination with use of alternative fuels comprising high biogenic shares is promoted as an attractive climate change mitigation option for the cement sector to achieve low or even negative carbon emissions. Here, we perform a prospective life cycle assessment of two state-of-the art cement plants, one in Sweden and one in Germany, under conventional and retrofitted oxyfuel conditions considering alternative fuel mixes with increasing bio-based fractions of forest residues or dedicated bioenergy crops. The analysis also considers effects of the projected changes in the electricity systems up to 2050. Retrofitting the cement plants to oxyfuel reduces climate change impacts between 74 and 91%, while with additional use of biomass as alternative fuel the cement plants reach negative emission between - 24 and - 169 gCO2eq. kgclinker-1, depending on operational condition, location, and biomass type. Additional emission reduction of - 10 (Sweden) and - 128 gCO2eq. kgclinker-1 (Germany) are expected from the decarbonization of the future electricity systems. Retrofitting the cement plants to oxyfuel conditions shows trade-offs with other environmental impacts (e.g., human toxicity, water and energy depletion), which are partially offset with projected changes in electricity systems. Our results illustrate the large climate change mitigation potential in the cement sector that can be achieved by the implementation of oxyfuel carbon capture and storage and biomass use as alternative fuel.
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14
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Abstract
Production of Portland clinker is inherently associated with CO2 emissions originating from limestone decomposition, the irreplaceable large-scale source of calcium oxide needed. Besides carbon capture and storage, CO2 mineralization is the only lever left to reduce these process emissions. CO2 mineralization is a reversal reaction to clinker production—CO2 is bound into stable carbonates in an exothermic process. It can be applied in several environmentally and economically favorable ways at different stages of clinker, cement and concrete life cycle. These possibilities are assessed and discussed in this contribution. The results demonstrate that when combined with concrete recycling, the complete circularity of all its constituents, including the process CO2 emissions from the clinker, can be achieved and the overall related CO2 intensity significantly reduced.
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15
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Influence of Fineness of Wheat Straw Ash on Autogenous Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Green Concrete. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of an agricultural by-product wheat straw ash (WSA) as an internal curing agent in reducing the autogenous shrinkage of high-performance concrete (HPC). After incineration under different controlled time–temperature conditions, grinding and sieving were performed to obtain two different grades of fine WSA (F-WSA) and superfine WSA (SF-WSA). Subsequently, material characterization tests were carried out, followed by tests for mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage potential of concrete incorporating 10% and 20% F-WSA and SF-WSA as a partial replacement of cement. The results demonstrated slightly higher compressive and tensile strength of concrete containing SF-WSA compared to control, whereas concrete with F-WSA demonstrated comparable strength results to that of the control concrete. Moreover, a significant reduction in 7 days’ autogenous shrinkage was observed in concrete containing 10% and 20% F-WSA by 42% and 25% compared to that of control concrete, respectively. This reduction in autogenous shrinkage increased further to 57% and 40% for concrete with 10% and 20% SF-WSA, respectively. The results of microstructural investigations on paste samples such as FTIR, TGA, and N2 adsorption analyses revealed a more refined and compact microstructure of paste samples with increasing fineness of WSA due to the formation of a more densified C-S-H phase. The improvement of the microstructure is attributable to the improved pozzolanic properties of SF-WSA compared with F-WSA.
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Schuler E, Demetriou M, Shiju NR, Gruter GM. Towards Sustainable Oxalic Acid from CO 2 and Biomass. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3636-3664. [PMID: 34324259 PMCID: PMC8519076 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To quickly and drastically reduce CO2 emissions and meet our ambitions of a circular future, we need to develop carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) to deal with the CO2 that we produce. While we have many alternatives to replace fossil feedstocks for energy generation, for materials such as plastics we need carbon. The ultimate circular carbon feedstock would be CO2 . A promising route is the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formic acid derivatives that can subsequently be converted into oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is a potential new platform chemical for material production as useful monomers such as glycolic acid can be derived from it. This work is part of the European Horizon 2020 project "Ocean" in which all these steps are developed. This Review aims to highlight new developments in oxalic acid production processes with a focus on CO2 -based routes. All available processes are critically assessed and compared on criteria including overall process efficiency and triple bottom line sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schuler
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marilena Demetriou
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert‐Jan M. Gruter
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041090 GDAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Avantium Chemicals BVZekeringstraat 291014 BVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Blending Wastes of Marble Powder and Dolomite Sorbents for Calcium-Looping CO 2 Capture under Realistic Industrial Calcination Conditions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164379. [PMID: 34442902 PMCID: PMC8398223 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of wastes of marble powder (WMP) and dolomite as sorbents for CO2 capture is extremely promising to make the Ca-looping (CaL) process a more sustainable and eco-friendly technology. For the downstream utilization of CO2, it is more realistic to produce a concentrated CO2 stream in the calcination step of the CaL process, so more severe conditions are required in the calciner, such as an atmosphere with high concentration of CO2 (>70%), which implies higher calcination temperatures (>900 °C). In this work, experimental CaL tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor using natural CaO-based sorbent precursors, such as WMP, dolomite and their blend, under mild (800 °C, N2) and realistic (930 °C, 80% CO2) calcination conditions, and the sorbents CO2 carrying capacity along the cycles was compared. A blend of WMP with dolomite was tested as an approach to improve the CO2 carrying capacity of WMP. As regards the realistic calcination under high CO2 concentration at high temperature, there is a strong synergetic effect of inert MgO grains of calcined dolomite in the blended WMP + dolomite sorbent that leads to an improved stability along the cycles when compared with WMP used separately. Hence, it is a promising approach to tailor cheap waste-based blended sorbents with improved carrying capacity and stability along the cycles under realistic calcination conditions.
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18
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Carbon Storage in Portland Cement Mortar: Influences of Hydration Stage, Carbonation Time and Aggregate Characteristics. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates the effects of the particle size, carbonation time, curing time and pressure on the efficiency of carbon storage in Portland cement mortar. Using pressure chamber experiments, our findings show how carbonation efficiency increases with a decrease in the particle size. Approximately 6.4% and 8.2% (w/w) carbonations were achieved in the coarse-sand and fine-sand based mortar samples, respectively. For the hydration/curing time of 7 h, up to 12% carbonation was achieved. This reduced to 8.2% at 40 h curing period. On the pressure effect, for comparable curing conditions, 2 bar at 7 h carbonation time gives 1.4% yield, and 8.2% at 5 bar. Furthermore, analysing the effect of the carbonation time, under comparable conditions, shows that 4 h of carbonation time gives up to 8.2% yield while 64 h of carbonation gives up to 18.5%. It can be reliably inferred that, under similar conditions, carbonation efficiency increases with lower-sized particles or higher-surface areas, increases with carbonation time and higher pressure but decreases with hydration/curing time. Microstructural analyses with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) further show the visual disappearance of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) together with the inhibition of ettringite formation by the presence of CO2 and CaCO3 formation during carbonation.
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Ostovari H, Müller L, Skocek J, Bardow A. From Unavoidable CO 2 Source to CO 2 Sink? A Cement Industry Based on CO 2 Mineralization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5212-5223. [PMID: 33735574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cement industry emits 7% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing the GHG emissions of the cement industry is challenging since cement production stoichiometrically generates CO2 during calcination of limestone. In this work, we propose a pathway towards a carbon-neutral cement industry using CO2 mineralization. CO2 mineralization converts CO2 into a thermodynamically stable solid and byproducts that can potentially substitute cement. Hence, CO2 mineralization could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry via two mechanisms: (1) capturing and storing CO2 from the flue gas of the cement plant, and (2) reducing clinker usage by substituting cement. However, CO2 mineralization also generates GHG emissions due to the energy required for overcoming the slow reaction kinetics. We, therefore, analyze the carbon footprint of the combined CO2 mineralization and cement production based on life cycle assessment. Our results show that combined CO2 mineralization and cement production using today's energy mix could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry by 44% or even up to 85% considering the theoretical potential. Low-carbon energy or higher blending of mineralization products in cement could enable production of carbon-neutral blended cement. With direct air capture, the blended cement could even become carbon-negative. Thus, our results suggest that developing processes and products for combined CO2 mineralization and cement production could transform the cement industry from an unavoidable CO2 source to a CO2 sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Ostovari
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonard Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Skocek
- Global R&D, HeidelbergCement AG, Oberklamweg 2-4, 69181 Leimen, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Energy Systems Engineering (IEK-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Ju Y, Sugiyama M, Kato E, Matsuo Y, Oshiro K, Silva Herran D. Industrial decarbonization under Japan's national mitigation scenarios: a multi-model analysis. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2021; 16:411-427. [PMID: 33758624 PMCID: PMC7970825 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-00905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Energy-intensive industries are difficult to decarbonize. They present a major challenge to the emerging countries that are currently in the midst of rapid industrialization and urbanization. This is also applicable to Japan, a developed economy, which retains a large presence in heavy industries compared to other developed economies. In this paper, the results obtained from four energy-economic and integrated assessment models were utilized to explore climate mitigation scenarios of Japan's industries by 2050. The results reveal that: (i) Japan's share of emissions from industries may increase by 2050, highlighting the difficulties in achieving industrial decarbonization under the prevailing industrial policies; (ii) the emission reduction in steelmaking will play a key role, which can be achieved by the implementation of carbon capture and expansion of hydrogen technologies after 2040; (iii) even under mitigation scenarios, electrification and the use of biomass use in Japan's industries will continue to be limited in 2050, suggesting a low possibility of large-scale fuel switching or end-use decarbonization. After stocktaking of the current industry-sector modeling in integrated assessment models, we found that such limited uptake of cleaner fuels in the results may be related to the limited interests of both participating models and industry stakeholders in Japan, specifically the interests on the technologies that are still at the early stage of development but with high reduction potential. It is crucial to upgrade research and development activities to enable future industry-sector mitigation as well as to improve modeling capabilities of energy end-use technologies in integrated assessment models. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-00905-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ju
- Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiyama
- Institute for Future Initiatives, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | | | | | - Ken Oshiro
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Diego Silva Herran
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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High-Durability Concrete Using Eco-Friendly Slag-Pozzolanic Cements and Recycled Aggregate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinker production is very energy-intensive and responsible for releasing climate-relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, and the exploitation of aggregate for concrete results in a reduction in natural resources. This contrasts with infrastructure development, surging urbanization, and the demand for construction materials with increasing requirements in terms of durability and strength. A possible answer to this is eco-efficient, high-performance concrete. This article illustrates basic material investigations to both, using eco-friendly cement and recycled aggregate from tunneling to produce structural concrete and inner shell concrete, showing high impermeability and durability. By replacing energy- and CO2-intensive cement types by slag-pozzolanic cement (CEM V) and using recycled aggregate, a significant contribution to environmental sustainability can be provided while still meeting the material requirements to achieve a service lifetime for the tunnel structure of up to 200 years. Results of this research show that alternative cements (CEM V), as well as processed tunnel spoil, indicate good applicability in terms of their properties. Despite the substitution of conventional clinker and conventional aggregate, the concrete shows good workability and promising durability in conjunction with adequate concrete strengths.
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Pérez-Calvo JF, Sutter D, Gazzani M, Mazzotti M. A methodology for the heuristic optimization of solvent-based CO2 capture processes when applied to new flue gas compositions: A case study of the Chilled Ammonia Process for capture in cement plants. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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CO2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of carbon capture, use, and storage in the cement industry is a necessity, not an option, if the climate targets are to be met. Although no capture technology has reached commercial scale demonstration in the cement sector yet, much progress has been made in the last decade. This work intends to provide a general overview of the CO2 capture technologies that have been evaluated so far in the cement industry at the pilot scale, and also about the current plans for future commercial demonstration.
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24
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Enhancement of sintering resistance of CaO-based sorbents using industrial waste resources for Ca-looping in the cement industry. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Alonso M, Fernández JR, Abanades JC. Kinetic Study of Belite Formation in Cement Raw Meals Used in the Calcium Looping CO2 Capture Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Alonso
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ramón Fernández
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Abanades
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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26
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Turrado S, Arias B, Fernández JR, Abanades JC. Carbonation of Fine CaO Particles in a Drop Tube Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Turrado
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Borja Arias
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ramón Fernández
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Abanades
- Spanish Research Council, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, n. 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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27
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Lena ED, Spinelli M, Romano M. CO2 capture in cement plants by “Tail-End” Calcium Looping process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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29
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Assessment of Energy Performance and Emission Control Using Alternative Fuels in Cement Industry through a Process Model. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10121996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Hills TP, Sceats M, Rennie D, Fennell P. LEILAC: Low Cost CO2 Capture for the Cement and Lime Industries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Arias B, Alonso M, Abanades C. CO2 Capture by Calcium Looping at Relevant Conditions for Cement Plants: Experimental Testing in a 30 kWth Pilot Plant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Arias
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC-INCAR), C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica Alonso
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC-INCAR), C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Abanades
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC-INCAR), C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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33
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Abstract
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is the only available technology that allows us to significantly reduce our CO2 emissions while keeping up with the ever-increasing global energy demand. Research in CCS focuses on reducing the costs of carbon capture and increasing our knowledge of geological storage to ensure the safe and permanent storage of CO2. This brief review will discuss progress in different capture and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend Smit
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Valais, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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34
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Zheng L, Hills TP, Fennell P. Phase evolution, characterisation, and performance of cement prepared in an oxy-fuel atmosphere. Faraday Discuss 2016; 192:113-124. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cement manufacture is one of the major contributors (7–10%) to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as a vital technology for decarbonising the sector. Oxy-fuel combustion, involving burning fuel in a mixture of recycled CO2 and pure O2 instead of air, makes CO2 capture much easier. Since it combines a theoretically lower energy penalty with an increase in production, it is attractive as a CCS technology in cement plants. However, it is necessary to demonstrate that changes in the clinkering atmosphere do not reduce the quality of the clinker produced. Clinkers were successfully produced in an oxy-fuel atmosphere using only pure oxides as raw materials as well as a mixture of oxides and clay. Then, CEM I cements were prepared by the addition of 5 wt% gypsum to the clinkers. Quantitative XRD and XRF were used to obtain the phase and elemental compositions of the clinkers. The particle size distribution and compressive strength of the cements at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days' ages were tested, and the effect of the particle size distribution on the compressive strength was investigated. Additionally, the compressive strength of the cements produced in oxy-fuel atmospheres was compared with those of the cement produced in air and commercially available CEMEX CEM I. The results show that good-quality cement can be successfully produced in an oxy-fuel atmosphere and it has similar phase and chemical compositions to CEM I. Additionally, it has a comparable compressive strength to the cement produced in air and to commercially available CEMEX CEM I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Thomas P. Hills
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Paul Fennell
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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