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Margiotta-Casaluci L, Owen SF, Winter MJ. Cross-Species Extrapolation of Biological Data to Guide the Environmental Safety Assessment of Pharmaceuticals-The State of the Art and Future Priorities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:513-525. [PMID: 37067359 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extrapolation of biological data across species is a key aspect of biomedical research and drug development. In this context, comparative biology considerations are applied with the goal of understanding human disease and guiding the development of effective and safe medicines. However, the widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment and the need to assess the risk posed to wildlife have prompted a renewed interest in the extrapolation of pharmacological and toxicological data across the entire tree of life. To address this challenge, a biological "read-across" approach, based on the use of mammalian data to inform toxicity predictions in wildlife species, has been proposed as an effective way to streamline the environmental safety assessment of pharmaceuticals. Yet, how effective has this approach been, and are we any closer to being able to accurately predict environmental risk based on known human risk? We discuss the main theoretical and experimental advancements achieved in the last 10 years of research in this field. We propose that a better understanding of the functional conservation of drug targets across species and of the quantitative relationship between target modulation and adverse effects should be considered as future research priorities. This pharmacodynamic focus should be complemented with the application of higher-throughput experimental and computational approaches to accelerate the prediction of internal exposure dynamics. The translation of comparative (eco)toxicology research into real-world applications, however, relies on the (limited) availability of experts with the skill set needed to navigate the complexity of the problem; hence, we also call for synergistic multistakeholder efforts to support and strengthen comparative toxicology research and education at a global level. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:513-525. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Owen
- Global Sustainability, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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2
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Xia C, Tian L, Yu J, Lu X, Wang H, He Z, Qian B, Gu L, Wang L, Chen J, Lu T, Xu C, Qian H, Sun L. Inhibitory effects of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals on fin regeneration in zebrafish are dependent on estrogen receptors. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 247:106156. [PMID: 35405443 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For fish and other aquatic organisms, disrupting their capacity for repair and regeneration will reduce their quality of life and survivorship in the wild. Studies have shown that 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EEDC), can inhibit caudal fin regeneration in larval zebrafish following fin amputation. However, whether the inhibitory effects of EE2 are dependent on estrogen receptor (ER) remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, amputated zebrafish larvae were exposed to the ER agonist EE2 alone and in combination with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI), and the change in regenerative capacity was determined. The inhibition of fin regeneration caused by EE2 alone (100 ng/L) was ameliorated after combination with ICI (30-300 μg/L), and these changes in regeneration-related signaling and the immune system corresponded with morphological observations, implying that the effects of EE2 on regeneration were possibly initiated by the activation of ER. Furthermore, the role of ER was confirmed with a natural ligand of ER, namely, 17β-estradiol (E2), and as expected, the effects of E2 (10, 100 and 1000 ng/L) paralleled those of EE2. In conclusion, EEDCs can disrupt the regenerative capacity in zebrafish, possibly due to the binding and activation of ERs and the consequent alteration of signaling pathways that regulate fin regeneration and immune competence. Given that EEDCs appear to be ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, the risk of these chemicals might be readdressed regarding their potential effects on tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Xingfan Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zepeng He
- Division of Hangzhou West Lake Aquatic Area Management, Hangzhou 310002, PR China
| | - Baoliu Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Linqi Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Hangzhou West Lake Aquatic Area Management, Hangzhou 310002, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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4
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Takesono A, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Application of Transgenic Zebrafish Models for Studying the Effects of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Embryonic Brain Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:718072. [PMID: 35264948 PMCID: PMC8900011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.718072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental pollutants that mimic hormones and/or disrupt their function. Estrogenic EDCs (eEDCs) interfere with endogenous estrogen signalling pathway(s) and laboratory animal and human epidemiological studies have provided evidence for a causal link between exposure to them during embryonic/early life and neurological impairments. However, our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanism(s) underlying eEDCs exposure effects on brain development, tissue architecture and function and behaviour are limited. Transgenic (TG) zebrafish models offer new approach methodologies (NAMs) to help identify the modes of action (MoAs) of EDCs and their associated impacts on tissue development and function. Estrogen biosensor TG zebrafish models have been applied to study eEDC interactions and resulting transcriptional activation (via a fluorescent reporter expression) across the entire body of the developing zebrafish embryo, including in real time. These estrogen biosensor TG zebrafish models are starting to deepen our understanding of the spatiotemporal actions of eEDCs and their resulting impacts on neurological development, brain function and behaviour. In this review, we first investigate the links between early life exposure to eEDCs and neurodevelopmental alterations in model organisms (rodents and zebrafish) and humans. We then present examples of the application of estrogen biosensor and other TG zebrafish models for elucidating the mechanism(s) underlying neurodevelopmental toxicities of eEDCs. In particular we illustrate the utility of combining estrogen biosensor zebrafish models with other TG zebrafish models for understanding the effects of eEDCs on the brain, spanning cellular processes, brain circuitry, neurophysiology and behaviour. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of TG zebrafish models as experimental models for studying more complex scenarios for exposure to contaminant mixtures on neurological development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Takesono
- *Correspondence: Aya Takesono, ; Charles R. Tyler,
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5
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Takesono A, Schirrmacher P, Scott A, Green JM, Lee O, Winter MJ, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Estrogens regulate early embryonic development of the olfactory sensory system via estrogen-responsive glia. Development 2022; 149:dev199860. [PMID: 35023540 PMCID: PMC8881738 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are well-known to regulate development of sexual dimorphism of the brain; however, their role in embryonic brain development prior to sex-differentiation is unclear. Using estrogen biosensor zebrafish models, we found that estrogen activity in the embryonic brain occurs from early neurogenesis specifically in a type of glia in the olfactory bulb (OB), which we name estrogen-responsive olfactory bulb (EROB) cells. In response to estrogen, EROB cells overlay the outermost layer of the OB and interact tightly with olfactory sensory neurons at the olfactory glomeruli. Inhibiting estrogen activity using an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI182,780 (ICI), and/or EROB cell ablation impedes olfactory glomerular development, including the topological organisation of olfactory glomeruli and inhibitory synaptogenesis in the OB. Furthermore, activation of estrogen signalling inhibits both intrinsic and olfaction-dependent neuronal activity in the OB, whereas ICI or EROB cell ablation results in the opposite effect on neuronal excitability. Altering the estrogen signalling disrupts olfaction-mediated behaviour in later larval stage. We propose that estrogens act on glia to regulate development of OB circuits, thereby modulating the local excitability in the OB and olfaction-mediated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Takesono
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Paula Schirrmacher
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Aaron Scott
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jon M Green
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
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6
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Gu L, Peng S, Zhang J, Lu X, Xia C, Yu J, Sun L. Development and validation of an activated immune model with zebrafish eleutheroembryo based on caudal fin acupuncture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147288. [PMID: 33930807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants are ubiquitous in global aquatic ecosystems and may cause immunotoxicity in aquatic organisms. However, disadvantages remain in the existing in vivo immunotoxicological methods, which make it difficult to meet the increasing demands for screening and for discriminating the immunotoxicity of environmental pollutants. In this study, the immune response in zebrafish eleutheroembryo was activated by acupuncture of the caudal fin at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf), and this immune model was further validated with a well-defined immunosuppressor, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). It was shown that acupuncture resulted in no increase in mortality in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. The transcription and protein levels of most immune genes were significantly increased after acupuncture, which indicated that acupuncture can effectively activate the immune response in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. Following exposure to BDP (0.01-1 μmol/L), the suppressive effects on the immune system were more significant in zebrafish that received acupuncture than in zebrafish that did not receive acupuncture. Considering these advantages, including its sensitivity, safety, and simple operation, over existing methods, the established immune model of zebrafish is promising for assessing the immunotoxicity of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Shaohong Peng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Xingfan Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Caihong Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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7
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Cooper R, David A, Kudoh T, Tyler CR. Seasonal variation in oestrogenic potency and biological effects of wastewater treatment works effluents assessed using ERE-GFP transgenic zebrafish embryo-larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105864. [PMID: 34118774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from wastewater treatment works (WwTW) exhibit both temporal and spatial variation in oestrogenicity, however few studies have attempted to quantify how this variation affects biological responses in fish. Here we used an oestrogen-responsive green fluorescent protein (ERE-GFP) transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) to quantify oestrogenic activity and health effects for exposure to three different WwTW effluents. Endpoints measured included survival/hatching rate, GFP induction (measured in target tissues or gfp mRNA induction in whole embryos) and vtg mRNA induction in whole embryos. Exposure to one of the study effluents (at 100%), resulted in some mortality, and exposure to all three effluents (at 50% and 100%) caused decreases in hatching rates. Higher levels of vtg mRNA corresponded with higher levels of steroidal oestrogens in the different effluents, with lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) between 31 ng/L and 39 ng/L oestradiol equivalents (EEQs). Tissue patterns of GFP expression for all three WwTWs effluents reflected the known targets for steroidal oestrogens and for some other oestrogenic chemicals likely present in those effluents (i.e. nonylphenol or bisphenolic compounds). GFP induction was similarly responsive to vtg mRNA induction (a well-established biomarker for oestrogen exposure). We thus demonstrate the ERE-GFP transgenic zebrafish as an effective model for monitoring the oestrogenic potency and health effects for exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals contained within WwTW effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cooper
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom; Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tetsuhiro Kudoh
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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8
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Chen X, Cheng SH, Kinoshita M, de Witte PA, Liu J, Hinton D, Braunbeck T, Cotgreave I, Schlenk D, Gong Z, El-Nezami H, Ho KC, Chan KF, Xu S, Yiu PY, Zhang H, Wu D, Chan YS, Ny A, Maes J. Pre-validation of choriogenin H transgenic medaka eleutheroembryos as a quantitative estrogenic activity test method. Anal Biochem 2021; 629:114311. [PMID: 34302800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The choriogenin H - EGFP transgenic medaka (Oryzias melastigma) has been used to test estrogenic substances and quantify estrogenic activity into 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalency (EEQ). The method uses 8 eleutheroembryos in 2 ml solution per well and 3 wells per treatment in 24-well plates at 26 ± 1 °C for 24 ± 2 h, with subsequent measurements of induced GFP signal intensity. EEQ measurements are calculated using a E2 probit regression model with a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.90. The selectivity was confirmed evaluating 27 known estrogenic and 5 known non-estrogenic compounds. Limit of quantitation (LOQ), recovery rate and bias were calculated to be 1 ng/ml EEQ, 104% and 4% respectively. Robustness analysis revealed exposure temperature is a sensitive parameter that should be kept at 26 ± 1 °C. The repeatability of intra- and inter-laboratories achieved CV < 30% for most tested food and cosmetics samples. The lot-lot stability was confirmed by the stable EEQ qualitative control (QC, 1 ng/mL E2) and calibration curve results. The stability of standard reagents, samples and sample extracts was also investigated. These data demonstrated this method to be an accurate indicator of estrogenic activity for both chemicals and extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, Biotech Centre 2, 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Peter A de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology, Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - David Hinton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, A333a LSRC, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Division of Bioeconomy and Health, S-15134, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Kin Chung Ho
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| | - Kwok Fai Chan
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, Biotech Centre 2, 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Shisan Xu
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, Biotech Centre 2, 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Pui Ying Yiu
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, Biotech Centre 2, 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, Biotech Centre 2, 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Desheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology, Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yu Suen Chan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Annelii Ny
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Maes
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, O & N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Cooper R, David A, Lange A, Tyler CR. Health Effects and Life Stage Sensitivities in Zebrafish Exposed to an Estrogenic Wastewater Treatment Works Effluent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666656. [PMID: 33995285 PMCID: PMC8120895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of health effects in fish have been reported for exposure to wastewater treatment work (WwTW) effluents including feminized responses in males. Most of these exposure studies, however, have assessed acute health effects and chronic exposure effects are less well established. Using an Estrogen Responsive Element-Green Fluorescent Protein (ERE-GFP)-Casper transgenic zebrafish, we investigated chronic health effects and life stage sensitivities for exposure to an estrogenic WwTW effluent and the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Exposure to the WwTW effluent (at full strength;100%) and to 10 ng/L (nominal) EE2 delayed testis maturation in male fish but accelerated ovary development in females. Exposure to 50% and 100% effluent, and to 10 ng/L EE2, also resulted in skewed sex ratios in favor of females. Differing patterns of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, in terms of target tissues and developmental life stages occurred in the ERE-GFP- zebrafish chronically exposed to 100% effluent and reflected the estrogenic content of the effluent. gfp and vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA induction were positively correlated with measured levels of steroidal estrogens in the effluent throughout the study. Our findings illustrate the importance of a fish's developmental stage for estrogen exposure effects and demonstrate the utility of the ERE-GFP zebrafish for integrative health analysis for exposure to estrogenic chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Cooper
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Lange
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Biosciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Charles R. Tyler,
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10
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Song W, Lu H, Wu K, Zhang Z, Shuk-Wa Lau E, Ge W. Genetic evidence for estrogenicity of bisphenol A in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and its signalling mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121886. [PMID: 31887561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) can induce endocrine disorders in humans and animals. In this study, we used several zebrafish mutants deficient in estrogen production and signalling, which could be valuable for evaluating estrogenic activities and mechanisms of EDCs. With low endogenous estrogens, the all-male aromatase mutant (cyp19a1a-/-) is expected to be more responsive to estrogenic exposure, and mutants of nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs; esr1-/-, esr2a-/- and esr2b-/-) alone or in combination would allow us to evaluate the action mechanisms of estrogenic EDCs. Exposure to BPA could rescue the all-male phenotype of the cyp19a1a-/- mutant, delayed gonadal development in both sexes, resulting in infertility or subfertility, and caused follicle atresia in females and impairment of spermatogenesis in males. To understand the mechanisms of these effects, we tested BPA in cyp19a1a and nER mutants of different combinations. The feminizing effect of BPA on sexual differentiation was dependent on nERs, in particular esr2a. As for males, nERs were also involved in BPA-induced impairment of spermatogenesis. Taken together, with genome editing technology our study provides the most comprehensive genetic evidence for estrogenic activities of BPA in zebrafish and its action mechanisms. This study also establishes a powerful platform for studying other EDCs with estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Song
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Esther Shuk-Wa Lau
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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11
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Cassar S, Adatto I, Freeman JL, Gamse JT, Iturria I, Lawrence C, Muriana A, Peterson RT, Van Cruchten S, Zon LI. Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:95-118. [PMID: 31625720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with diligent preclinical safety testing. Current standard practices are good at preventing toxic compounds from being tested in the clinic; however, false negative preclinical toxicity results are still a reality. Continual improvement must be pursued in the preclinical realm. Higher-quality therapies can be brought forward with more information about potential toxicities and associated mechanisms. The zebrafish model is a bridge between in vitro assays and mammalian in vivo studies. This model is powerful in its breadth of application and tractability for research. In the past two decades, our understanding of disease biology and drug toxicity has grown significantly owing to thousands of studies on this tiny vertebrate. This Review summarizes challenges and strengths of the model, discusses the 3Rs value that it can deliver, highlights translatable and untranslatable biology, and brings together reports from recent studies with zebrafish focusing on new drug discovery toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cassar
- Preclinical Safety , AbbVie , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
| | - Isaac Adatto
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joshua T Gamse
- Drug Safety Evaluation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Randall T Peterson
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | | | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department , Harvard University , Boston , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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12
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Multiplex Analysis Platform for Endocrine Disruption Prediction Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071739. [PMID: 30965663 PMCID: PMC6479714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fish are an excellent experimental model to screen endocrine-disrupting compounds, but current fish-based assays to detect endocrine disruption have not been standardized yet, meaning that there is not consensus on endpoints and biomarkers to be measured. Moreover, exposure conditions may vary depending on the species used as the experimental model and the endocrine pathway evaluated. At present, a battery of a wide range of assays is usually needed for the complete assessment of endocrine activities. With the aim of providing a simple, robust, and fast assay to assess endocrine-disrupting potencies for the three major endocrine axes, i.e., estrogens, androgens, and thyroid, we propose the use of a panel of eight gene expression biomarkers in zebrafish larvae. This includes brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) for estrogens, cytosolic sulfotransferase 2 family 2 (sult2st3) and cytochrome P450 2k22 (cyp2k22) for androgens, and thyroid peroxidase (tpo), transthyretin (ttr), thyroid receptor α (trα), and iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (dio2) for thyroid metabolism. All of them were selected according to their responses after exposure to the natural ligands 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), respectively, and subsequently validated using compounds reported as endocrine disruptors in previous studies. Cross-talk effects were also evaluated for all compounds.
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13
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Sun L, Gu L, Tan H, Liu P, Gao G, Tian L, Chen H, Lu T, Qian H, Fu Z, Pan X. Effects of 17α‑ethinylestradiol on caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:10-22. [PMID: 30390549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to restore tissue function and morphology after injury is a key advantage of many fish for a greater chance of survival. The tissue regeneration process is regulated by multiple pathways, and it can therefore be hypothesized that environmental contaminants targeting components of these signaling pathways, may disrupt the fish's capability to repair or regenerate. This could lead to higher mortality and eventually even to a decline in populations. In this study, the effects of 17α‑ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen, were assessed on the regenerative capacity of larval zebrafish. Zebrafish aged 2 hour post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 1, 10, or 100 ng/L EE2, and the caudal fins were amputated at 72 hpf. It was found that EE2 exposure significantly inhibited fin regeneration and changed locomotor behavior. The transcription levels for most of the genes involved in the signaling networks regulating the fin regeneration, such as axin2, fgfr1, bmp2b and igf2b, were down-regulated in the amputated fish in response to EE2 exposure, which was in contrast to their increased patterns in the vehicle-exposed control fish. Additionally, the mRNA levels of several immune-related genes, such as il-1β, il-6, il-10 and nf-κb2, were significantly decreased after EE2 exposure, accompanied by a lower density of neutrophils migrated into the wound site. In conclusion, the present study indicated for the first time that estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) could inhibit the regenerative capacity of zebrafish, and this effect was speculated to be mediated through the alteration in regeneration-related signaling pathways and immune competence. This work expands our knowledge of the potential effects of EEDCs on injured aquatic organisms, and highlights the ecotoxicological significance of relationships between regenerative process and endocrine system. This study also implies the potential application of fin regeneration assay for assessing immunotoxicity in ecotoxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Linqi Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Hana Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Pan Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Gan Gao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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14
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Brown AR, Green JM, Moreman J, Gunnarsson LM, Mourabit S, Ball J, Winter MJ, Trznadel M, Correia A, Hacker C, Perry A, Wood ME, Hetheridge MJ, Currie RA, Tyler CR. Cardiovascular Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Bisphenol A and Its Metabolite MBP in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:463-474. [PMID: 30520632 PMCID: PMC6333396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest production volume chemicals in the world and is frequently detected in wildlife and humans, particularly children. BPA has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes relating to its estrogenic and other hormonal properties, but direct causal links are unclear in humans and animal models. Here we simulated measured (1×) and predicted worst-case (10× ) maximum fetal exposures for BPA, or equivalent concentrations of its metabolite MBP, using fluorescent reporter embryo-larval zebrafish, capable of quantifying Estrogen Response Element (ERE) activation throughout the body. Heart valves were primary sites for ERE activation by BPA and MBP, and transcriptomic analysis of microdissected heart tissues showed that both chemicals targeted several molecular pathways constituting biomarkers for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), including extra-cellular matrix (ECM) alteration. ECM collagen deficiency and impact on heart valve structural integrity were confirmed by histopathology for high-level MBP exposure, and structural defects (abnormal curvature) of the atrio-ventricular valves corresponded with impaired cardiovascular function (reduced ventricular beat rate and blood flow). Our results are the first to demonstrate plausible mechanistic links between ERE activation in the heart valves by BPA's reactive metabolite MBP and the development of valvular-cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ross Brown
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Jon M. Green
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - John Moreman
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Lina M. Gunnarsson
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Sulayman Mourabit
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Ball
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Winter
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Ana Correia
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Christian Hacker
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Mark E. Wood
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Malcolm J. Hetheridge
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Richard A. Currie
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42
6EY, U.K.
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
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15
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Hinfray N, Sohm F, Caulier M, Chadili E, Piccini B, Torchy C, Porcher JM, Guiguen Y, Brion F. Dynamic and differential expression of the gonadal aromatase during the process of sexual differentiation in a novel transgenic cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish line. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 28648994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In zebrafish, there exists a clear need for new tools to study sex differentiation dynamic and its perturbation by endocrine disrupting chemicals. In this context, we developed and characterized a novel transgenic zebrafish line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the zebrafish cyp19a1a (gonadal aromatase) promoter. In most gonochoristic fish species including zebrafish, cyp19a1a, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of estrogens, has been shown to play a critical role in the processes of reproduction and sexual differentiation. This novel cyp19a1a-eGFP transgenic line allowed a deeper characterization of expression and localization of cyp19a1a gene in zebrafish gonads both at the adult stage and during development. At the adult stage, GFP expression was higher in ovaries than in testis. We showed a perfect co-expression of GFP and endogenous Cyp19a1a protein in gonads that was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of peri-follicular cells in the ovary and of Leydig and germ cells in the testis. During development, GFP was expressed in all immature gonads of 20 dpf-old zebrafish. Then, GFP expression increased in early differentiated female at 30 and 35dpf to reach a high GFP intensity in well-differentiated ovaries at 40dpf. On the contrary, males consistently displayed low GFP expression as compared to female whatever their stage of development, resulting in a clear dimorphic expression between both sexes. Interestingly, fish that undergoes ovary-to-testis transition (35 and 40dpf) presented GFP levels similar to males or intermediate between females and males. In this transgenic line our results confirm that cyp19a1a is expressed early during development, before the histological differentiation of the gonads, and that the down-regulation of cyp19a1a expression is likely responsible for the testicular differentiation. Moreover, we show that although cyp19a1a expression exhibits a clear dimorphic expression pattern in gonads during sexual differentiation, its expression persists whatever the sex suggesting that estradiol synthesis is important for gonadal development of both sexes. Monitoring the expression of GFP in control and exposed-fish will help determine the sensitivity of this transgenic line to EDCs and to refine mechanistic based-assays for the study of EDCs. In fine, this transgenic zebrafish line will be a useful tool to study physiological processes such as reproduction and sexual differentiation, and their perturbations by EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hinfray
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
| | - Frédéric Sohm
- UMS AMAGEN, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Morgane Caulier
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Camille Torchy
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), IFR140, Ouest-Genopole, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Brion
- INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Pole VIVA, Unite d'ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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16
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Early life exposure to ethinylestradiol enhances subsequent responses to environmental estrogens measured in a novel transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2699. [PMID: 29426849 PMCID: PMC5807302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays fundamental roles in a range of developmental processes and exposure to estrogen mimicking chemicals has been associated with various adverse health effects in both wildlife and human populations. Estrogenic chemicals are found commonly as mixtures in the environment and can have additive effects, however risk analysis is typically conducted for single-chemicals with little, or no, consideration given for an animal’s exposure history. Here we developed a transgenic zebrafish with a photoconvertable fluorophore (Kaede, green to red on UV light exposure) in a skin pigment-free mutant element (ERE)-Kaede-Casper model and applied it to quantify tissue-specific fluorescence biosensor responses for combinations of estrogen exposures during early life using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. We identify windows of tissue-specific sensitivity to ethinylestradiol (EE2) for exposure during early-life (0–5 dpf) and illustrate that exposure to estrogen (EE2) during 0–48 hpf enhances responsiveness (sensitivity) to different environmental estrogens (EE2, genistein and bisphenol A) for subsequent exposures during development. Our findings illustrate the importance of an organism’s stage of development and estrogen exposure history for assessments on, and possible health risks associated with, estrogen exposure.
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