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Ren T, Li Y, Wang X, Deng Y, Zheng C. Portable Pyrolysis-Point Discharge Optical Spectrometer for In Situ Plastic Polymer Identification by Coupling with Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2554-2563. [PMID: 38266240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and in situ identification of specific polymers is a challenging and crucial step in plastic recycling. However, conventional techniques continue to exhibit significant limitations in the rapid and field classification of plastic products, especially with the wide range of commercially available color polymers because of their large size, high energy consumption, and slow and complicated analysis procedures. In this work, a simple analytical system integrating a miniature and low power consumption (22.3 W) pyrolyzer (Pyr) and a low temperature, atmospheric pressure point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) was fabricated for rapidly identifying polymer types. Plastic debris is decomposed in the portable pyrolyzer to yield volatile products, which are then swept into the μPD-OES instrument for monitoring the optical emission patterns of the thermal pyrolysis products. With machine learning, five extensively used raw polymers and their consumer plastics were classified with an accuracy of ≥97.8%. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the identification of the aged polymers and plastic samples collected from a garbage recycling station, indicating its great potential for identification of environmentally weathered plastics. This portable Pyr-μPD-OES system provides a cost-effective tool for rapid and field identification of polymer types of recycled plastic for proper management and resource recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 ,China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 ,China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 ,China
| | - Yurong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 ,China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 ,China
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2
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Xu F, Lin T, Luo J, Hou X. Selenium in Photochemical Vapor Generation: Mechanism Study and Potential Nonchromatographic Speciation Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:325-330. [PMID: 38154143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of selenium in the UV photochemical vapor generation (PVG) process was investigated by the use of multiple analytical methods. It was found that the UV-induced photooxidation trapping of the generated volatile SeH2 should be responsible for the previous opinion of relative inertness of Se(VI) in PVG with formic acid. Furthermore, the formation of Se(IV) was found during the PVG process, and the comproportionation of Se(IV) with SeH2 and the photooxidation of Se(IV) into Se(VI) were investigated. Then, a preliminary model was proposed for the PVG process of Se(VI) and Se(IV) with low-molecular-weight organic acids. Then, a novel, simple, and green photocontrolled method without any photocatalyst was thus proposed for the nonchromatographic speciation analysis of Se(IV) and Se(VI), with a limit of detection of 0.2 and 5 ng/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Xu
- Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Analytical & Service Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610023, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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3
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Jing J, He S, Yang J, Yang R, Lin Y, Zheng C. Rapid and sensitive quantification of cyclamate in beverages by miniature microplasma optical emission spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 406:135077. [PMID: 36462350 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most of the available methods for the quantification of cyclamate depend on laboratory instruments and their application in the field was limited. Herein, a simple and sensitive method was developed for the determination of cyclamate in beverage samples based on chemical vapor generation and miniature point discharge optical emission spectrometry (μPD-OES). The combination of headspace sampling and μPD-OES not only simplifies the separation process of cyclamate, improves sensitivity, and alleviates matrix interference but also eliminates the use of a bulky and expensive instrument. Under the optimal conditions, this method provided a limit of detection of 0.1 mg L-1 comparable to or better than most reported methods. The method eventually was applied to 14 different beverages and cyclamate was found below the threshold set by Chinese Standards for Food Additives. The proposed method provides great potential for the field analysis of cyclamate in the supervision of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jing
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Siyu He
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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4
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Su Y, Lin Y, Li Y, Ren T, Deng Y, Zheng C. A high-throughput atomic emission analyzer for simultaneous field detection of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in seawater and lake water. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341184. [PMID: 37147059 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are two important indicators of global carbon cycle. However, there are no portable analyzers available to simultaneously accomplish high-throughput field detection of them in the same sample. Herein, a simple analyzer comprising a dual-mode reactor to accomplish both chemical vapor generation and headspace sampling, and a miniature point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) was developed for simultaneous and high-throughput detection of DIC and DOC in seawater and lake water. Phosphoric acid and persulfate were successively injected into sample solutions to convert DIC and DOC to CO2 under the conditions of magnetic stirring and UV irradiation, respectively. Subsequently, the generated CO2 was swept into the μPD-OES for quantitation of DIC and DOC via monitoring carbon atomic emission at 193.0 nm. Under optimal conditions, limits of detection for DIC and DOC (as C) were both 0.01 mg L-1 with relative standard deviations (n = 20) better than 5% and sample throughput of 80 samples per hour. Compared to conventional analyzers, the proposed instrument provides the advantages of high throughput, compactness, low energy consumption and eliminates expensive instruments. The accuracy of the system was validated by simultaneous determination of DIC and DOC in various water samples in laboratory and field environments.
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5
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Zhang M, Tang Q, Li P, He L, Hou X, Jiang X. Array Point Discharge as Enhanced Tandem Excitation Source for Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5151-5158. [PMID: 36878017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A new compact tandem excitation source was designed and constructed by using an array point discharge (ArrPD) microplasma for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer through coupling a hydride generation (HG) unit as a sample introduction device. Three pairs of point discharges were arranged in sequence in a narrow discharge chamber to construct the ArrPD microplasma, for improved excitation capability owing to the serial excitation. Besides, the discharge plasma region was greatly enlarged, therefore, more gaseous analytes could be intercepted to enter into the microplasma for sufficient excitation, for improved excitation efficiency and OES signal. To better understand the effectiveness of the proposed ArrPD source, a new instrument for simultaneous detection of atomic emission and absorption spectral responses was also proposed, designed, and constructed to reveal the excitation and enhancement process in the discharge chamber. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of As, Ge, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn were 0.7, 0.4, 0.05, 0.7, 0.3, 2, and 0.08 μg L-1, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 4%. Compared with a commonly used single point discharge microplasma source, the analytical sensitivities of these seven elements were improved by 3-6-fold. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) were successfully analyzed with this miniaturized spectrometer, which features low power, compactness, portability, and high detectability, and is thereby a great prospect in the field of elemental analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qingsong Tang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Peixia Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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6
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He L, Lin Y, Su Y, Li Y, Deng Y, Zheng C. Sensitive and Environmentally Friendly Field Analysis of Waterborne Arsenic by Electrochemical Hydride Generation Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17514-17521. [PMID: 36469951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To avoid polluting the environment, it is desirable to develop methods consuming as few chemicals as possible for field elemental analysis. In this work, a lithium-ion battery supplied, compact handheld optical emission spectrometer (OES) (0.3 kg, length 18 cm × width 5 cm × height 10 cm) was fabricated for the sensitive field analysis of waterborne arsenic by utilizing electrochemical hydride generation (ECHG) and miniaturized ballpoint discharge (μPD) as sample introduction means and excitation source, respectively. The high ECHG efficiency of arsenic was obtained using a superior cathode of Fe@PbO/Pb and the generated arsine was separated from an aqueous phase and further swept to the μPD microplasma for detection. It is worth noting that the Fe@PbO/Pb cathode not only retains advantages of large specific surface area, robust stability, and excellent reproducibility for the ECHG of arsenic but also accomplishes the preconcentration of As(III), thus improving the kinetics of the surface chemistry at the cathode, alleviating the corrosion of the electrode, and minimizing the release of Pb. A limit of detection of 1.0 μg L-1 was obtained with a relative standard deviation of 4.2% for 20 μg L-1 As(III). Owing to the advantages of ECHG and μPD-OES, the system retains a promising potential for the sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly field analysis of waterborne arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yurong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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7
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Su Y, Lin Y, Yang R, He L, Yang J, Jiang X, Zheng C. Learning from Headspace Sampling: a Versatile High-Throughput Reactor for Photochemical Vapor Generation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16265-16273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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He L, Lin Y, Chen P, Su Y, Li Y, Zheng C. A microplasma optical emission spectrometry pen for point-of-care diagnosis of child blood lead. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129607. [PMID: 35907282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood lead levels (BLL) of children have attracted considerable attention due to their putative impact on intelligence decline. However, most methods used for the determination of blood lead typically require expensive, bulky, high power and gas consuming instrumentation, limiting their application for a point-of-care diagnosis. Herein we report the development and testing of a portable ballpoint discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometer (BD-OES pen) device having the potential to fill this needed measurement capability. The BD-OES pen utilizes a compact ballpoint-pen format integrating point-discharge microplasma, which permits the determination of child BLL requiring no more than 100 μL blood while providing high specificity, sensitivity and satisfactory limit of detection (0.73 μg L-1). The handheld BD-OES pen is successfully used to diagnose BLL of 16 asymptomatic children on-site, two of whom had excessive the normal BLL. The pen may aid the on-site and rapid diagnosis of childhood BLL, particularly in low-income areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Piaopiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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9
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Hu J, Li C, Zhen Y, Chen H, He J, Hou X. Current advances of chemical vapor generation in non-tetrahydroborate media for analytical atomic spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Yang R, Yang S, Lin Y, Su Y, Li Y, Zheng C. Miniature microplasma carbon optical emission spectrometry for detection of dissolved oxygen in water. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Li K, Chen H, Chen Z, He L, Hou X, Jiang X. Miniaturized TOC analyzer using dielectric barrier discharge for catalytic oxidation vapor generation and point discharge optical emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338683. [PMID: 34119015 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Total organic carbon (TOC) is an important parameter describing organic pollution degree of waters. Due to the increasing need of field analysis and drawbacks of conventional TOC analytical instruments, miniaturized TOC analyzers are still demanding. In this work, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma was utilized for catalytic oxidation vapor generation (COVG) of organic compounds into CO2, and a point discharge (PD) microplasma was employed to excite the carbon atomic emission spectra for quantification. Sample solution with phosphoric acid and persulfate solution was injected into the DBD-COVG reactor by a syringe to convert organic compounds into CO2 efficiently and quickly, which was subsequently transported into the point discharge optical emission spectrometer (PD-OES) for detecting carbon at 193.09 nm. Under optimal experimental conditions, high oxidation efficiencies for several organic compounds were achieved, i.e., 96.4%, 95.1% and 94.3% for 50 mg L-1 potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), sodium laurylsulfonate and phenol, respectively. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mg L-1 (as C) was obtained, with a precision of 3.9% (relative standard deviation, RSD) at 15 mg L-1 TOC standard (as C). The possible catalytic oxidation mechanism was proposed with the characteristic results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Its potential environmental application was demonstrated by successfully analyzing TOC in underground water, surface river water and surface sedimentary water samples from oil fields, with analytical results agreed well with those obtained by the commercial high-temperature combustion coupled nondispersive infrared absorption (HTC-NDIR) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Changqing Oilfield Branch Company Oil Production Plant NO.11, PetroChina Company Limited, Qingyang, Gansu, 745000, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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Yang R, Lin Y, Yang J, He L, Tian Y, Hou X, Zheng C. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Following Chemical Vapor Generation for Ultrasensitive, Matrix Effect-Free Detection of Nitrite by Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6972-6979. [PMID: 33926187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new chemical vapor generation method coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometry (HS-SPME-μPD-OES) for the sensitive and matrix effect-free detection of nitrite in complex samples is described. In an acidic medium, the volatile cyclohexene was generated from cyclamate in the presence of nitrite, which was volatilized to the headspace of the container, efficiently separated, and preconcentrated by HS-SPME. Consequently, the SPME fiber was transferred to a laboratory-constructed thermal desorption chamber wherein the cyclohexene was thermally desorbed and swept into μPD-OES for its sensitive quantification via monitoring the carbon atomic emission line at 193.0 nm. As a result, the quantification of nitrite was accomplished through the determination of cyclohexene. The application of HS-SPME as a sampling technique not only simplifies the experimental setup of μPD-OES but it also preconcentrates and separates cyclohexene from N2 and sample matrices, thus eliminating the interference from water vapor and N2 and significantly improving the analytical performance on the determination of nitrite. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a limit of detection of 0.1 μg L-1 was obtained, which is much better than that obtained by conventional methods. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was better than 3.0% at a concentration of 10 μg L-1. The proposed method provides several advantages of portability, simplicity, high sensitivity, and low energy consumption and eliminates expensive instruments and matrix interference, thus retaining a promising potential for the rapid, sensitive, and field analysis of nitrite in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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13
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Peng X, Zhao M, Yuan M, Wang Z. Solution anode glow discharge optical emission spectrometry: Volatile hydride introduction from the gas jet nozzle cathode for ultrasensitive determination of lead. Talanta 2021; 225:121995. [PMID: 33592742 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive method for the determination of Pb was developed by coupling solution anode glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry (SAGD-OES) with hydride generation (HG). Compared to solution cathode glow discharge, the introduction of analytes yielded via HG from the discharge cathode into the microplasma was demonstrated to be easily performed by SAGD in which the gas jet nozzle served as cathode and further enhanced sensitivity for Pb determination was achieved. The susceptibility of SAGD-OES to the matrix-induced interferences in the analysis of real samples was significantly improved owing to the coupling of HG. After a thorough optimization of the HG-SAGD-OES system parameters, the developed system achieved Pb detection limit of 0.061 ng mL-1, with the corresponding relative standard deviation being <2.2% at analyte concentrations of 50 ng mL-1. The potential application of this method was validated by successfully analyzing three certified reference materials (CRMs: GBW07311, GBW07312, and GBW07601a (GSH-1)) and human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Mingli Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Li M, Luo Y, Zou Z, Xu F, Jiang X, Hou X. A miniaturized UV-LED array chip-based photochemical vapor generator coupled with a point discharge optical emission spectrometer for the determination of trace selenium. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ja00290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light emitting diode array chip-based photochemical vapor generation was combined with hollow electrode point discharge to establish a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer for efficient vapor generation and excitation of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Fujian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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15
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Chen T, Lin Y, Li H, Yang R, Hou X, Zheng B, Zheng C. Reduction of mercury(II) by electrons contained in carbon dots: An environmentally friendly cold vapor generation for mercury analysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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He Z, Lin Y, Wang Y, He L, Hou X, Zheng C. Growth of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles on Steel Fiber from Candle Flame for the Long-Term Preservation of Ultratrace Mercury by Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9583-9590. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- Analytical and Test Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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17
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Yang R, Lin Y, Liu B, Su Y, Tian Y, Hou X, Zheng C. Simple Universal Strategy for Quantification of Carboxyl Groups on Carbon Nanomaterials: Carbon Dioxide Vapor Generation Coupled to Microplasma for Optical Emission Spectrometric Detection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3528-3534. [PMID: 32037807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and applications of carbon nanomaterials are remarkably dependent on the amount of carboxyl group on their surfaces. Unfortunately, it is challenging to determine the carboxyl group on carbon nanomaterials at an ultralow density not only due to the low sensitivities of conventional techniques, but also because there are no matrix-matched certified reference materials available. In this work, a novel strategy comprising coupling carbon dioxide vapor generation to a microplasma optical emission spectrometer was developed for the sensitive and accurate quantification of surface carboxyl groups on carbon nanomaterials. The carboxyl group on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene (G), or its oxide (GO) was converted to carboxylic acid using concentrated hydrochloric acid prior to quantification. The generated carboxylic acid was purified and then reacted with sodium bicarbonate to generate CO2, which was swept into a miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) for the detection of carbon atomic emission lines. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) served as a calibration standard for quantification of the carboxyl group on G/GO/MWCNTs, thus, overcoming the lack of CRMs. Owing to the high sensitivity of μPD-OES for the detection of CO2, a limit of detection of 0.1 μmol g-1 (1 nmol) was obtained for the carboxyl group based on a sample mass of 10 mg G/GO/MWCNTs, superior to that obtained using conventional methods. Moreover, the proposed method not only retains several unique advantages of good accuracy and elimination of the use of complicated, expensive, and high power-consumption instruments, but was also applicable to the quantification of the carboxyl group on other nanomaterials such as carboxylated magnetic microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Buyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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18
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Tan Z, Wang B, Yin Y, Liu Q, Li X, Liu J. In Situ Tracking Photodegradation of Trace Graphene Oxide by the Online Coupling of Photoinduced Chemical Vapor Generation with a Point Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1549-1556. [PMID: 31823604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The photostability of graphene oxide (GO) strongly affects the performance of its products in optics and photonics. However, the photostability of GO, especially at trace levels, remains largely unexplored mainly because of the lack of available techniques. Herein, we developed a novel online system consisting of a highly efficient photoinduced chemical vapor generation reactor and an in situ measurement technique using a miniaturized and sensitive point discharge optical emission spectrometer. On the basis of the results of inorganic carbon species, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO nanosheets made the degradation much easier than graphene. Under the optimized conditions (e.g., initial pH of 2.8 and binary photocatalysts dose of 200 mM H2O2, 1.0 mM Fe3+ ions, and 50 mg/L TiO2 NPs), the limit of detection for GO was 87.5 μg/L C with a linear range of 0.5-10 mg/L C. Specifically, the accuracy and reliability of the developed system was verified by quantifying self-prepared GO as well as aggregated GO in natural organic matter-rich water samples. Finally, the sunlight-induced photodegradation of GO under simulated environmental conditions was successfully tracked. The developed system is a promising platform for in-time quality control of GO-based products as well as predicting the occurrence, transformation, and fate of GO at environmentally relevant concentrations in the natural aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , P. R. China.,School of Environmental Science , Liaoning University , 110036 Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Environmental Science , Liaoning University , 110036 Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100085 Beijing , P. R. China
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19
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Zou Z, Hu J, Xu F, Hou X, Jiang X. Nanomaterials for photochemical vapor generation-analytical atomic spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Xia SA, Leng A, Lin Y, Wu L, Tian Y, Hou X, Zheng C. Integration of Flow Injection Capillary Liquid Electrode Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry and Microplasma-Induced Vapor Generation: A System for Detection of Ultratrace Hg and Cd in a Single Drop of Human Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2701-2709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-an Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Anqin Leng
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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21
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Li M, Huang S, Xu K, Jiang X, Hou X. Miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer: A multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of volatile organic sulfur compounds. Talanta 2018; 188:378-384. [PMID: 30029391 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we proposed a miniaturized point discharge-radical optical emission spectrometer (PD-RES) as a multichannel optical detector for discriminant analysis of various volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs). Under appropriate experimental conditions, the unique molecular emission of CS radical in the vicinity of 257.6 nm was recorded, as well as the atomic emission lines of C at 193.1 nm and 247.8 nm, the molecular emission of C2 radical around 231.5 nm and CN radical nearby 384.8 nm. They were utilized as five optical channels for precise qualification and discrimination. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated the robustness of this detector for discriminant analysis: 95 unknown samples from ten typical VOSCs were classified with accuracy of 98.9%. This proposed detector was further successfully applied to the discrimination of different concentrations of CS2 in air samples and two types of isomers (functional group isomer and carbon-chain isomer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shixu Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kailai Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China; Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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22
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Yang Y, Tan Q, Lin Y, Tian Y, Wu L, Hou X, Zheng C. Point Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometer as a Gas Chromatography (GC) Detector for Speciation Analysis of Mercury in Human Hair. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11996-12003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Chengdu Environmental
Monitoring Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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23
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Cai Y, Yu YL, Wang JH. Alternating-Current-Driven Microplasma for Multielement Excitation and Determination by Optical-Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10607-10613. [PMID: 30070828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microplasma optical-emission spectrometry (OES) is a promising technique for developing portable analytical instrumentations for real-time and on-site measurement of trace elemental species. However, its analytical performance is far from satisfactory for multielement analysis. Herein, a miniature OES system is developed for simultaneous multielement analysis with alternating-current-driven microplasma generated on the nozzle of a pneumatic micronebulizer as the excitation source. Because of the strong excitation capability of the microplasma and its sufficient contact with solution, a series of elements, including Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn, is directly excited in the spray with solution nebulization at a flow rate of 8 μL s-1. The characteristic optical emissions are measured by a charge-coupled-device (CCD) spectrometer. In addition, hydride generation is compatible with the present system, which makes it feasible for the simultaneous excitation of hydrides of As, Ge, Hg, Sb, and Sn by reaction with 0.8% (m/v) NaBH4. The microplasma-OES system exhibits a powerful capability for multielement analysis with favorable limits of detection for the mentioned elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , Northeastern University , Box 332, Shenyang 110819 , China
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24
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He L, Zhou D, Lin Y, Ge R, Hou X, Sun X, Zheng C. Ultrarapid in Situ Synthesis of Cu2S Nanosheet Arrays on Copper Foam with Room-Temperature-Active Iodine Plasma for Efficient and Cost-Effective Oxygen Evolution. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Zheng C, Hu L, Hou X, He B, Jiang G. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry for Detection of Mercury and Lead. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3683-3691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
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