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Jiang L, Ma X, Wang Y, Gao W, Liao C, Gong Y, Jiang G. Land-Ocean Exchange Mechanism of Chlorinated Paraffins and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Diverse Sources in a Coastal Zone Boundary Area, North China: The Role of Regional Atmospheric Transmission. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12852-12862. [PMID: 35930321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is regarded as a crucial "sink" of numerous land-origin pollutants. As typical boundary regions, the coastal and offshore areas are used to evaluate the dominating transfer process and land-ocean exchange mechanism of semivolatile organic compounds. In air samples collected from a coastal area in North China over a whole year, chlorinated paraffins (CPs), including short-chain CPs and medium-chain CPs, and prior control 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined, with mean concentrations of 25.8 and 94.7 ng/m3, respectively. Results of different gas-particle partitioning models indicated that the steady-state hypothesis provides a better description of the possible land-ocean exchange molecular mechanism. The source-sink influences for CPs and PAHs were affected by the predominant atmospheric motion, which alternated between gaseous diffusion and particulate sedimentation in different seasons. Source apportionment results indicated that different transfer characteristics contributed to the source divergence of ambient CPs and PAHs within 12 nautical miles in the same area. Coal/biomass combustion and diesel/natural gas combustion were the main PAH sources in the coast site (43.1%) and sea site (35.3%), respectively. Similar industrial sources CP-52 and CP-42 were the main CP sources in the coast site (41.4%) and sea site (40.8%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yunfei Gong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang S, Li S, Ning A, Liu L, Zhang X. Iodous acid - a more efficient nucleation precursor than iodic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13651-13660. [PMID: 35611676 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodous acid (HIO2), a vital iodine oxyacid, potentially plays an important role in the formation of new particles in marine areas (He et al., Science, 2021, 371, 589-595). However, the nucleation mechanism of HIO2 is still poorly understood. Herein, the self-nucleation of HIO2 under different atmospheric conditions is investigated by a combination of quantum chemical calculations and the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) simulations. The results indicate that HIO2 can form relatively stable molecular clusters through hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds, and the self-nucleation of HIO2 proceeds by sequential addition of HIO2 or HIO2-based small clusters. Besides, in order to better illustrate the role of HIO2 in new particle formation (NPF) in marine areas, we compare its nucleation properties with those of iodic acid (HIO3), a significant iodine-containing nucleation precursor in marine regions. We find that the cluster formation rate of the self-nucleation of HIO2 is higher than that of the self-nucleation of HIO3 although [HIO2] is lower than [HIO3], which indicates that the HIO2 molecule is a more efficient nucleation precursor than the HIO3 molecule. Therefore, the self-nucleation of HIO2 could become one of the most important sources for NPF in marine areas, which could provide potential theoretical evidence for explaining the intensive NPF events observed in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, Tianjin, 300451, China
| | - An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sun X, Li C, Ren L, Wang W. Efficient mineralization of gaseous benzyl chloride by VUV/UV photodegradation in humid air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27520-27527. [PMID: 33512685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
VUV/UV photodegradation technology, which is free of catalysts or oxidants, has been regarded as an efficient method to decompose gaseous VOCs. However, the mineralization of gaseous VOCs by VUV/UV photodegradation has seldom been discussed systematically. In this work, the mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air is comprehensively investigated and the potential contributors in the system (i.e., light wavelength, O2 and H2O) are discussed. As a result, more than 95.0% benzyl chloride is mineralized at 40 min in humid air with 80% relative humidity (RH) despite its initial concentrations (i.e., ranging from 4 to 20 ppm). It is found that both 185-nm VUV light and H2O significant contribute to the efficient mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air, while O2 only has a limited effect to the efficient mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air. The introduction of H2O into the VUV/UV photodegradation can reduce the emission of ozone obviously. These findings are significant inspiration to application of the VUV/UV photodegradation technology on the treatment of gaseous VOCs in the actual air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaolin Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liyuan Ren
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Pollution in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious global threat to human health. In China, the government immediately implemented lockdown measures to curb the spread of this virus. These measures severely affected transportation and industrial production across the country, resulting in a significant change in the concentration of air pollutants. In this study, the Euclidean distance method was used to select the most similar meteorological field during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Changes in the concentration of air pollutants in China were analyzed under similar meteorological background conditions. Results indicate that, compared with data from 2015–2019, air quality in China significantly improved; with the exception of ozone (O3), the concentration of major air pollutants declined. Compared with baseline conditions, the reduction of air pollutants in China from 25 January to 22 February 2020 (Period 2) was the most significant. In particular, NO2 decreased by 41.7% in the Yangtze River Delta. In Period 2, the reduction of air pollutants in areas other than Hubei gradually decreased, but the reduction of NO2 in Wuhan reached 61.92%, and the reduction of air pollutants in various regions after February 23 was significantly reduced. By excluding the influence of meteorological factors and calculating the contribution of human activities to atmospheric pollutants by linear fitting, in Period 2 the effect of artificial controls on NO2 in Wuhan attained 30.66%, and reached 48.17% from 23 February to 23 March (Period 3). Results from this investigation provides effective theoretical support for pollution prevention and control in China.
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Yang H, Pu H, Wang S, Ni R, Li B. Inequality of female health and its relation with urbanization level in China: geographic variation perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16662-16673. [PMID: 30989606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization development plays a vital role in the health of modern residents; however, there have been very limited researches to specifically and comprehensively explore the relationship between urbanization level evaluating indicators (ULEIs) and female health outcomes. The mortality rate of breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), and ovarian cancer (OC) and classified urbanization factor are collected at provincial level. Stepwise regression model (SRM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWRM) are conducted to obtain spatial relationship between the mortality rate of those cancer and ULEI. Our results show that there is remarkable difference of mortality rate of BC, CC, and OC in different provinces as well as higher BC, CC, and OC distributed in northern regions. The increase of value added of primary industry (VAPI), taxi, and coal consumption has detrimental effect on BC and CC. Fuel oil consumption (FOC) ultimately results in increase of mortality rate of BC and OC, and urban fixed asset investment (UFAI) poses a risk to increase the mortality rate of OC. Contrarily, natural gas consumption (NGC) appear to mitigate mortality rate of BC. In particular, our findings demonstrate that there exist spatial differences for VAPI, FOC, NGC, taxi, and coal consumption influencing BC, CC, and OC. It is suggested that policy makers should take account of regional discrepancy and implement a sustainable urbanization development considering female health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Pu
- College of Tourism and Land Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, No. 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nanan District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shaobing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Runxiang Ni
- Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Tourism and Land Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, No. 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nanan District, Chongqing, 400067, China
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Sanchez M, Ambros A, Milà C, Salmon M, Balakrishnan K, Sambandam S, Sreekanth V, Marshall JD, Tonne C. Development of land-use regression models for fine particles and black carbon in peri-urban South India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:77-86. [PMID: 29626773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Land-use regression (LUR) has been used to model local spatial variability of particulate matter in cities of high-income countries. Performance of LUR models is unknown in less urbanized areas of low-/middle-income countries (LMICs) experiencing complex sources of ambient air pollution and which typically have limited land use data. To address these concerns, we developed LUR models using satellite imagery (e.g., vegetation, urbanicity) and manually-collected data from a comprehensive built-environment survey (e.g., roads, industries, non-residential places) for a peri-urban area outside Hyderabad, India. As part of the CHAI (Cardiovascular Health effects of Air pollution in Telangana, India) project, concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon were measured over two seasons at 23 sites. Annual mean (sd) was 34.1 (3.2) μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 2.7 (0.5) μg/m3 for black carbon. The LUR model for annual black carbon explained 78% of total variance and included both local-scale (energy supply places) and regional-scale (roads) predictors. Explained variance was 58% for annual PM2.5 and the included predictors were only regional (urbanicity, vegetation). During leave-one-out cross-validation and cross-holdout validation, only the black carbon model showed consistent performance. The LUR model for black carbon explained a substantial proportion of the spatial variability that could not be captured by simpler interpolation technique (ordinary kriging). This is the first study to develop a LUR model for ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and black carbon in a non-urban area of LMICs, supporting the applicability of the LUR approach in such settings. Our results provide insights on the added value of manually-collected built-environment data to improve the performance of LUR models in settings with limited data availability. For both pollutants, LUR models predicted substantial within-village variability, an important feature for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sanchez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Ambros
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Milà
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maëlle Salmon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University (SRU), Chennai, India
| | - Sankar Sambandam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University (SRU), Chennai, India
| | - V Sreekanth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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