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Pierrat E, Dorber M, de Graaf I, Laurent A, Hauschild MZ, Rygaard M, Barbarossa V. Multicompartment Depletion Factors for Water Consumption on a Global Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4318-4331. [PMID: 36854446 PMCID: PMC10019336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Balancing human communities' and ecosystems' need for freshwater is one of the major challenges of the 21st century as population growth and improved living conditions put increasing pressure on freshwater resources. While frameworks to assess the environmental impacts of freshwater consumption have been proposed at the regional scale, an operational method to evaluate the consequences of consumption on different compartments of the water system and account for their interdependence is missing at the global scale. Here, we develop depletion factors that simultaneously quantify the effects of water consumption on streamflow, groundwater storage, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration globally. We estimate freshwater availability and water consumption using the output of a global-scale surface water-groundwater model for the period 1960-2000. The resulting depletion factors are provided for 8,664 river basins, representing 93% of the landmass with significant water consumption, i.e., excluding Greenland, Antarctica, deserts, and permanently frozen areas. Our findings show that water consumption leads to the largest water loss in rivers, followed by aquifers and soil, while simultaneously increasing evapotranspiration. Depletion factors vary regionally with ranges of up to four orders of magnitude depending on the annual consumption level, the type of water used, aridity, and water transfers between compartments. Our depletion factors provide valuable insights into the intertwined effects of surface and groundwater consumption on several hydrological variables over a specified period. The developed depletion factors can be integrated into sustainability assessment tools to quantify the ecological impacts of water consumption and help guide sustainable water management strategies, while accounting for the performance limitations of the underlying model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Pierrat
- Section
for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental
and Resource Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dorber
- Industrial
Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inge de Graaf
- Water
Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen
University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Section
for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental
and Resource Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Z. Hauschild
- Section
for Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Environmental
and Resource Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Rygaard
- Water
Technology and Processes, Department of Environmental and Resource
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, ningstorvet 1152800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerio Barbarossa
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, 2300 Leiden, The
Netherlands
- PBL Netherlands
Environmental Assessment Agency, 2500 The Hague, The Netherlands
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Pierrat E, Barbarossa V, Núñez M, Scherer L, Link A, Damiani M, Verones F, Dorber M. Global water consumption impacts on riverine fish species richness in Life Cycle Assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158702. [PMID: 36108858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reduced river discharge and flow regulation are significant threats to freshwater biodiversity. An accurate representation of potential damage of water consumption on freshwater biodiversity is required to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of global value chains. The effect of discharge reduction on fish species richness was previously modeled in life cycle impact assessment, but models were limited by the restricted geographical scope of underlying species-discharge relationships and the small number of species data. Here, we propose a model based on a novel regionalized species-discharge relationship (SDR). Our SDR-based model covers 88 % of the global landmass (2320 river basins worldwide excluding deserts and permanently frozen areas) and is based on a global dataset of 11,450 riverine fish species, simulated river discharge, elevation, and climate zones. We performed 10-fold cross-validation to select the best set of predictors and validated the obtained SDRs based on observed discharge data. Our model performed better than previous SDRs employed in life cycle impact assessment (Kling-Gupta efficiency coefficient about 4 times larger). We provide both marginal and average models with their uncertainty ranges for assessing scenarios of small and large-scale water consumption, respectively, and include regional and global species loss. We conducted an illustrative case study to showcase the method's applicability and highlight the differences with the currently used approach. Our models are useful for supporting sustainable water consumption and riverine fish biodiversity conservation decisions. They enable a more specific, reliable, and complete impact assessment by differentiating impacts on regional riverine fish species richness and irreversible global losses, including up-to-date species data, and providing spatially explicit values with high geographical coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Pierrat
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment division, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Valerio Barbarossa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Núñez
- Sustainability in Biosystems, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Link
- Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattia Damiani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Francesca Verones
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Dorber
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Damiani M, Roux P, Loiseau E, Lamouroux N, Pella H, Morel M, Rosenbaum RK. A high-resolution life cycle impact assessment model for continental freshwater habitat change due to water consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146664. [PMID: 33839662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global value chains and climate change have a significant impact on water resources and increasingly threaten freshwater ecosystems. Recent methodological proposals for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), evaluate water use impacts on freshwater habitats based on river hydraulic parameters alterations. However, they are limited to French rivers due to lack of global data and models. On this basis, this article proposes an approach to compute regionalized characterization factors for modeling river habitat change potential (HCP) induced by water consumption, potentially applicable worldwide. A simplified model is developed for fish guilds and invertebrates. Based on French datasets, it establishes a relationship between HCP and river hydraulic parameters. A methodology to derive discharge and hydraulic geometry at the reach scale is proposed and applied to European and Middle Eastern rivers below 60°N latitude. Regionalized HCPs are calculated at the river reach scale and aggregated at watershed. Then, the impact of agricultural water use in contrasted European and Middle Eastern countries is evaluated comparing the outcomes from the HCP and the Available Water Remaining (AWARE) models at the national scale, considering water supply mix data. The same analysis is carried out on selected river basins. Finally, result consistency, uncertainty and global applicability of the overall approach are discussed. The study demonstrates the reproducibility of the impact model developed for French rivers on any hydrographic network where comparable ecological, hydrological and hydraulic conditions are met. Furthermore, it highlights the need to characterize impacts at a higher spatial resolution in areas where HCP is higher. Large scale quantification of HCP opens the way to the operationalization of mechanistic LCIA models in which the habitat preferences of freshwater species are taken into account to assess the impacts of water consumption on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Damiani
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; Elsa, Research Group for Environmental Lifecycle and Sustainability Assessment, Montpellier, France; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy.
| | - Philippe Roux
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; Elsa, Research Group for Environmental Lifecycle and Sustainability Assessment, Montpellier, France
| | - Eléonore Loiseau
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; Elsa, Research Group for Environmental Lifecycle and Sustainability Assessment, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hervé Pella
- INRAE Lyon, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ralph K Rosenbaum
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; Elsa, Research Group for Environmental Lifecycle and Sustainability Assessment, Montpellier, France; GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Developing Conversion Factors of LCIA Methods for Comparison of LCA Results in the Construction Sector. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inconsistency caused by different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods is a long-term challenge for the life cycle assessment (LCA) community. It is necessary to systematically analyze the differences caused by LCIA methods and facilitate the fair comparison of LCA results. This study proposes an effective method of conversion factors (CFs) for converting the results of 8 LCIA methods for 14 impact categories and then demonstrates its application in the construction sector. Correlation analyses of the datasets of construction materials are conducted to develop CFs for the impact categories. A set of conversion cards are devised to present the CFs and the associated correlation information for the LCIA methods. It is revealed that the differences between LCIA methods are largely caused by the characterization methods, rather than due to the metrics. A comparison based only on the same metrics but ignoring the underlying LCIA mechanisms is misleading. High correlations are observed for the impact categories of climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and resource depletion. The developed CFs and conversion cards can greatly help LCA practitioners in the fair comparison of LCA results from different LCIA methods. Case studies are conducted, and verify that by applying the CFs the seemingly incomparable results from different LCIA methods become comparable. The CF method addresses the inconsistency problem of LCIA methods in a practical manner and helps improve the comparability and reliability of LCA studies in the construction sector. Suggestions are provided for the further development of LCIA conversion factors.
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Karimpour S, Boulay AM, Bulle C. Evaluation of sector-specific AWARE characterization factors for water scarcity footprint of electricity generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142063. [PMID: 33207441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) links the emissions and resource abstractions of a product system or process to potential impacts on the environment through characterization factors (CF). For regionalized impact categories like water-use, the regional CFs can vary over several orders of magnitude within the same country. The aggregated country-level CF, often used in LCIA, represents an average of local CF weighted by the local water consumption of all (or most) human water use including water use by all (or most) economic sectors. There is, however, great variability in spatio-temporal distribution of human water consumption across different industries. This study provides industry-specific water-use CFs for the electricity sector across the US. Our analysis shows that for electricity generation, the use of all-sector aggregated water-use CF would lead to an underestimation of impact scores compared to industry-specific CFs, by two folds. Even within the electricity sector, for two of the major subsectors, electricity based on natural gas and hydroelectricity, the country-level CFs can be significantly different due to the geographic distribution of powerplants. Our findings signify that the use of industry-specific CF can have a high influence in LCIA, especially for impact categories, such as water-use, with great spatio-temporal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shooka Karimpour
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anne-Marie Boulay
- CIRAIG, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Cecile Bulle
- CIRAIG, Department of Strategy and Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, UQAM, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
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Núñez M, Finkbeiner M. A Regionalised Life Cycle Assessment Model to Globally Assess the Environmental Implications of Soil Salinization in Irrigated Agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3082-3090. [PMID: 32083479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a global, locally resolved life cycle assessment (LCA) model to assess the potential effects on soil quality due to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the agricultural soil profile, allowing differentiation between agricultural practices. Using globally available soil and climate information and crop specific salt tolerances, the model quantifies the negative implications that salts in irrigation water have on soil quality, in terms of change in the soil electrical conductivity and the corresponding change in the amount of crops that can be grown at increasing soil salinity levels. To facilitate the use of the model, we provide a life cycle inventory tool with information on salts emitted with irrigation water per country and 160 crops. Global average soil susceptibility is 0.19 dS/m per grams of salt in 1 m3 of soil, and the average resulting relative crop diversity loss is 5.7 × 10-2 per grams of salt in 1 m3 of soil. These average values vary tangibly as a function of the location. In most humid regions worldwide, the characterization factor is null, showing that in these cases soil salinization due to irrigation does not contribute to soil degradation. We displayed how to apply the model with a case study. The model serves for guiding decision-making processes toward improving the sustainability of irrigated agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Núñez
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, E08140 Caldes de Montbuí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Finkbeiner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Damiani M, Lamouroux N, Pella H, Roux P, Loiseau E, Rosenbaum RK. Spatialized freshwater ecosystem life cycle impact assessment of water consumption based on instream habitat change modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114884. [PMID: 31351350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article a new characterization model and factors are proposed for the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of water consumption on instream freshwater ecosystems. Impact pathways of freshwater consumption leading to ecosystem damage are described and the alteration of instream physical habitat is identified as a critical midpoint for ecosystem quality. The LCIA characterization model aims to assess the change in habitat quantity due to consumptive water use. It is based on statistical, physical habitat simulation for benthic invertebrates, fish species and their size classes, and guilds of fish sharing common habitat preferences. A habitat change potential (HCP) midpoint, mechanistic indicator, is developed and computed on the French river network at the river reach scale (the river segment with variable length between the upstream and downstream nodes in the hydrographic network), for median annual discharges and dry seasons. Aggregated, multi-species HCPs at a river reach are proposed using various aggregation approaches. Subsequently, the characterization factors are spatially aggregated at watershed and sub-watershed scales. HCP is highly correlated with median and low flow discharges, which determine hydraulic characteristics of reaches. Aggregation of individual HCPs at reach scale is driven by the species most sensitive to water consumption. In spatially aggregated HCPs, consistently with their reduced smaller average discharge rate, small stream habitats determine the overall watershed characterization. The study is aimed primarily at life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners and LCIA modelers. However, since it is the result of a productive cross-fertilization between the ecohydrology and LCA domains, it could be potentially useful for watershed management and risk assessment as well. At the moment, the proposed model is applicable in France. For a broader implementation, the development of global, high resolution river databases or the generalization of the model are needed. Our new factor represents nevertheless an advancement in freshwater ecosystems LCIA laying the basis for new metrics for biodiversity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Damiani
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Hervé Pella
- Irstea Lyon, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Roux
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
| | - Eléonore Loiseau
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
| | - Ralph K Rosenbaum
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
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Finogenova N, Dolganova I, Berger M, Núñez M, Blizniukova D, Müller-Frank A, Finkbeiner M. Water footprint of German agricultural imports: Local impacts due to global trade flows in a fifteen-year perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:521-529. [PMID: 30699372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the water scarcity footprint (WSF) trend of German agricultural imports over recent years, following the principles of the ISO 14046 standard on water footprinting. For this purpose, the import statistics of agricultural goods for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 was compiled and linked with the irrigation water consumption during their production as well as with the AWARE water scarcity factors of the country of production. Agricultural imports increased by 62% from 22 to 35 million tons during the analysed period. At the same time, the blue water consumption for agricultural production (i.e., irrigation water) decreased by 13% and the WSF declined by 20%, from 119 to 91 km3world-equivalents (world-eq.). The decrease in WSF is caused by drop in the cotton imports, while the WSF associated with the imports of other crops increased by 45%. Product-wise, cotton, nuts, and rice contribute to more than half of the total WSF in all analysed years. Despite their high WSF, these products account for only 3% of the imports by mass confirming the relevance of impact based water footprint assessments. Country-wise, main contributors change along the analysed years. In the year 2000, one-quarter of the WSF occurs in Uzbekistan due to cotton imports. Afterwards, the highest WSF arises in Iran and Spain, while the imports from the US dominate the WSF in 2015. The changing trend follows the pattern of production of the hotspots identified on the product level, e.g. nuts, soybeans, and cotton. This study provides information on the water scarcity impacts that the German consumption creates in other countries and may be useful for decision-making processes aiming at optimising water scarcity footprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Finogenova
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Iulia Dolganova
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Berger
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Montserrat Núñez
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daria Blizniukova
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Müller-Frank
- Evangelisches Werk für Diakonie und Entwicklung e.V., Brot für die Welt - Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst, Caroline-Michaelis-Str.1, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Finkbeiner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Pradinaud C, Northey S, Amor B, Bare J, Benini L, Berger M, Boulay AM, Junqua G, Lathuillière MJ, Margni M, Motoshita M, Niblick B, Payen S, Pfister S, Quinteiro P, Sonderegger T, Rosenbaum RK. Defining freshwater as a natural resource: A framework linking water use to the area of protection natural resources. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 2019; 24:960-974. [PMID: 31501640 PMCID: PMC6733276 DOI: 10.1007/s11367-018-1543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While many examples have shown unsustainable use of freshwater resources, existing LCIA methods for water use do not comprehensively address impacts to natural resources for future generations. This framework aims to (1) define freshwater resource as an item to protect within the Area of Protection (AoP) natural resources, (2) identify relevant impact pathways affecting freshwater resources, and (3) outline methodological choices for impact characterization model development. METHOD Considering the current scope of the AoP natural resources, the complex nature of freshwater resources and its important dimensions to safeguard safe future supply, a definition of freshwater resource is proposed, including water quality aspects. In order to clearly define what is to be protected, the freshwater resource is put in perspective through the lens of the three main safeguard subjects defined by Dewulf et al. (2015). In addition, an extensive literature review identifies a wide range of possible impact pathways to freshwater resources, establishing the link between different inventory elementary flows (water consumption, emissions and land use) and their potential to cause long-term freshwater depletion or degradation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Freshwater as a resource has a particular status in LCA resource assessment. First, it exists in the form of three types of resources: flow, fund, or stock. Then, in addition to being a resource for human economic activities (e.g. hydropower), it is above all a non-substitutable support for life that can be affected by both consumption (source function) and pollution (sink function). Therefore, both types of elementary flows (water consumption and emissions) should be linked to a damage indicator for freshwater as a resource. Land use is also identified as a potential stressor to freshwater resources by altering runoff, infiltration and erosion processes as well as evapotranspiration. It is suggested to use the concept of recovery period to operationalize this framework: when the recovery period lasts longer than a given period of time, impacts are considered to be irreversible and fall into the concern of freshwater resources protection (i.e. affecting future generations), while short-term impacts effect the AoP ecosystem quality and human health directly. It is shown that it is relevant to include this concept in the impact assessment stage in order to discriminate the long-term from the short-term impacts, as some dynamic fate models already do. CONCLUSION This framework provides a solid basis for the consistent development of future LCIA methods for freshwater resources, thereby capturing the potential long-term impacts that could warn decision makers about potential safe water supply issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pradinaud
- ITAP, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
- LGEI, IMT Mines Ales, Univ Montpellier, Ales, France
| | - Stephen Northey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ben Amor
- LIRIDE, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke (QC) Canada
| | - Jane Bare
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Lorenzo Benini
- European Environment Agency, Kongens Nytorv 6, 1400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Berger
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Sustainable Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Boulay
- LIRIDE, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke (QC) Canada
- CIRAIG, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal (QC) Canada
| | | | - Michael J Lathuillière
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Masaharu Motoshita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, 3058569 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Briana Niblick
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Sandra Payen
- AgResearch Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Stephan Pfister
- ETH Zurich, Chair of Ecological Systems Design, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Quinteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thomas Sonderegger
- ETH Zurich, Chair of Ecological Systems Design, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph K Rosenbaum
- ITAP, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
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