1
|
Li X, Song L, Liu Q, Ouyang X, Mao T, Lu H, Liu L, Liu X, Chen W, Liu G. Product, building, and infrastructure material stocks dataset for 337 Chinese cities between 1978 and 2020. Sci Data 2023; 10:228. [PMID: 37080990 PMCID: PMC10119088 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable city-level product, building, and infrastructure material stocks data are essential for understanding historical material use patterns, benchmarking material efficiency, and informing future recycling potentials. However, such urban material stocks data are often limited, due primarily to unavailable, inconsistent, or noncontinuous city-level statistics. Here, we provided such an Urban Product, Building, and Infrastructure Material Stocks (UPBIMS) dataset for China, a country that has undergone a remarkable urbanization process in the past decades, by collating different official statistics and applying various gap-filling methods. This dataset contains the stock of 24 materials contained in 10 types of products, buildings, and infrastructure in all 337 prefecture-level cities in China from 1978 to 2020. This quality controlled and unified dataset is the first of its kind with such a full coverage of all prefecture-level Chinese cities and can be used in a variety of applications, for example in urban geography, industrial ecology, circular economy, and climate change mitigation. Every piece of data is tagged with its source and the dataset will be periodically updated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qiance Liu
- Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Xin Ouyang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Litao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, 361021, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Oliveira Neto JF, Candido LA, de Freitas Dourado AB, Santos SM, Florencio L. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment management from the perspective of a circular economy: A Review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:760-780. [PMID: 36413067 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221135341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the difficulties involved in the management of conventional solid waste, the management of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is significantly more complex due to its unusual chemical composition and fast generation. Both developed and developing countries have been looking for solutions to deal with the problems caused by the growing flow of WEEE, especially regarding sustainable solutions based on reducing resource exploitation by the recovery of materials from this type of waste. In this context, this work presents a quali-quantitative and comprehensive literature review of the publications on the management of WEEE, from the perspective of a circular economy. The results showed that the first publications on the topic appear in 2006, with a significant increase from 2015, the year when the Circular Economy Action Plan was instituted in the European Community. The most prominent authors have been giving emphasis to researches on recycling, reuse and technologies for the recovery of materials/energy from WEEE. Nevertheless, few studies have been found focusing on the prevention/reduction in WEEE generation, priority actions of the WEEE management hierarchy. The works analysed show that the current management of WEEE, despite considering the circularity of materials, prioritizes the development of technological solutions of the end-of-pipe type, greatly represented by the recovery of materials, instead of preventing the generation, which may be detrimental to long-term sustainability. The work ends with the presentation of a SWOT-TOWS (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis conducted to define the main strategies for the improvement of WEEE management from a circular economy perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laíse Alves Candido
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lourdinha Florencio
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun J, Wang T, Lu S, Gao X, Du H. Leverage of resource efficiency over environmental emissions: Case of a megacity in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159514. [PMID: 36257426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Material metabolism in a Chinese megacity, Shanghai, was investigated with an integrated approach. Production-based raw material input, city-wide waste output and carbon emissions were compiled for the period 1995-2020, by computing hundreds of products and by-products. Decoupling of these resource and environmental flows from economic development was assessed, and the socio-economic and technical drivers were decomposed. The research demonstrated a hypothesis that flows of primary resources, waste, and carbon emissions displayed a certain level of synchronicity in the past decades. An order effect was seen with waste indicators usually performing better than carbon indicators, and carbon indicators are better than resource indicators in terms of material/environmental intensity and decoupling. There might be a resource leverage leading to the synchronicity of environmental emissions. Improvement in resource efficiency was decomposed as the most significant driver to urban metabolism, bringing about >33 % of resource reduction, 32 % of carbon mitigation, and 30 % of waste diminution from the 2010 values. A greater extent in emission reduction than resource use was attributed to the decrease of fossil fuels share in total resource use and carbon intensity per energy consumption. Continuous increase in post-use waste flows caused a rebound of waste indicators in the recent five-year period (2016-2020) and broke up the synchronicity. This potentially foresees the shift of material metabolism from production to consumption side in major cities in China and calls for reforms of environmental policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Rd., Chongqing 400044, China; Circular Economy Research Institute, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China; UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Sha Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China; Circular Economy Research Institute, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Huanzheng Du
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China; Circular Economy Research Institute, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang F, Liu Q, Yu L, Wang Y. Multi-data source-based recycling value estimation of wasted domestic electrical storage water heater in China. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:63-73. [PMID: 35066453 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A domestic electrical storage water heater (i.e., DESWH) is one of the 14 products listed in China's Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Disposal Catalogue (Batch 2). Due to the lack of systematic quantitative analysis on the waste quantity and recovery value of a DESWH, a multi-data source-based hybrid methodology based on quarterly sales data, survey data and internet data is proposed. In the methodology, the seasonal Mann-Kendall trend test is used to identify the seasonal trait of the quarterly sales data for DESWHs, and an accurate prediction of the sales volume of DESWHs is obtained via a generalised seasonal grey model with dynamic seasonal adjustment factors. Then the lifespan distribution of DESWHs is fitted based on the survey data, and the quantity of wasted DESWHs is estimated from 2012Q1 to 2038Q4. Finally, on the basis of the data crawled from the internet, the weight distribution of DESWHs is constructed, and the recycling value of wasted DESWHs is then calculated. The empirical results show that the waste quantity of DESWHs will increase greatly from 2012Q1 to 2022Q4 and that the recycling value of wasted DESWHs may be worth 18.48 billion yuan in China. The results show that the wasted DESWHs have a great recycling value, and that the proposed multi-data source based hybrid methodology can be used as an effective estimation method for the recycling value of electronic waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Lean Yu
- School of Business, Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou 256600, China; Weiqiao-UCAS Joint Lab, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yanni Wang
- School of Economics & Management, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Z, Qiu R, Lin K, Ruan J, Xu Z. In Situ Recombination of Elements in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries to Recover High-Value γ-LiAlO 2 and LiAl 5O 8. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7643-7653. [PMID: 33983726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recovering valuable materials from spent lithium-ion batteries is an important task because of the asymmetry in resource distribution, supply, and demand around the world. A lithium-ion battery is a combination system of various elements and their oxides. Current recovering technologies focus on the separation of valuable metal elements. They can inescapably bring secondary contamination and cost to the environment due to the addition of leachants and precipitants. To recover valuable materials, in situ recombination of elements in spent lithium-ion batteries can be a more economical and environment-friendly solution. Herein, we developed a technology based on in situ aluminothermic reduction and interstitial solid solution transformation to recover high-value γ-LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8 under vacuum and high-temperature (1723 K) conditions. It was found that the process of Li2O filling into the lattice of O-Al-O structure is an energy-reducing process, while LiAl5O8 was an existing high-energy transition-state matter. Since there was no wastewater generated, the process brought a new environment-friendly method for recovering valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. This study also provides new comprehension regarding the design for high-value products' recovery from multi-element mixed wastes on an atomic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jujun Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He H, Myers RJ. Log Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis of the Demand for Building Materials: Application to Concrete, Dwellings, and the U.K. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2767-2778. [PMID: 33615791 PMCID: PMC8023668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dwellings are material intensive products. To date, material use in dwellings has been investigated mainly using economic (exogenous) or dwelling (endogenous) drivers, with few studies comprehensively combining both. For the first time, we identify a comprehensive set of such drivers of demand for building materials and analyze them using the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method. We combine the LMDI method, the concept of dynamic material flow analysis, and physical and monetary flows to decompose the demand for building materials into the following six effects: material intensity, floor area shape, dwelling type, dwelling intensity, economic output, and population. We analyze these six effects on demand for concrete in new dwellings in the U.K. from 1951 to 2014, classified into six dwelling types and four subregions. Of these six effects, the material intensity effect is the most important, overall contributing to increasing concrete demand by +79 Mt from 1950 to 2014, while the dwelling intensity effect plays an opposite role, overall reducing concrete demand from 1950 to 2014 by -56 Mt. The economic output effect is also significant (+38 Mt from 1950 to 2014). A comparative analysis of the six effects in the four U.K. nations reveals that most of the effects arise from England, while the other nations have minor effects due to their smaller populations. Our results show that changes to the demand for concrete in the U.K. fluctuate and have mainly remained between ±30 Mt year-2 from 1950 to 2014, and thus the inflows of concrete into the in-use stock of dwellings have experienced neither entirely increasing or decreasing trends during this period. This study contributes to understanding changes in resource demand due to social, economic, and technological factors and thus improves the capability to reliably and quantitatively model the use of materials in the built environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He He
- Current address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Skempton Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Sanderson
Building, Edinburgh, EH9
3FB, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert J. Myers
- Current address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Skempton Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Sanderson
Building, Edinburgh, EH9
3FB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Indium electrowinning kinetics on titanium, aluminum and copper supports from sulfate solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Zeng X, Ali SH, Li J. Estimation of waste outflows for multiple product types in China from 2010-2050. Sci Data 2021; 8:15. [PMID: 33462226 PMCID: PMC7814135 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Material flow has been accelerated from underground natural minerals and is accumulating as aboveground waste stock. China is not only the largest producer and consumer of material-driven products, but also the largest generator of product waste. No official annual product waste data are released for China, which creates challenges especially in light of China's emerging waste management policies. Previous studies have presented only estimations of waste streams for single products. In this study, we considered three product types and 33 technological products and collected all the available data. A Kuznets curve and Bass diffusion model were employed to forecast their future consumption. Based on urban consumption metabolism, we created one systematic estimation model of product waste generation related to material flow and social regulation. Typical technological product waste outflows were estimated from 2010 to 2050, which can assist further material flow and environmental impact research, as well as waste management policy-making and technology development. The created model can be potentially extended to other types of product waste estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlai Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Saleem H Ali
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19709, USA
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- United Nations International Resource Panel, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ismail H, Hanafiah MM. A review of sustainable e-waste generation and management: Present and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110495. [PMID: 32250915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies on sustainable management of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (or e-waste) have gained increasing attention from researchers around the world in recent years, with investigations into various aspects of e-waste management were investigated. Studies on e-waste generation by previous papers have been reviewed to provide an overview of the current research progress and recommendations for future research. The relevant existing studies were collected from various databases. Using content analysis, three main aspects of the existing studies were evaluated: the distribution and trends of the publications, the scope and boundaries of the studies, and the current research practices and research applications. Although there was a significant increasing trend of the amount of research on the evaluation of e-waste generation, however, the number of publications based on the countries of origin was still small. Another limitation was found related to the differences in the selection of research subjects and the level of analysis resulted in variations in the scopes and boundaries of the existing studies. Various other research areas were investigated further based on their research findings, but the analysis of various methodological aspects was complicated due to the increasing number of newly developed methodologies and the lack of comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on this research area. Additionally, there was also a need to evaluate emerging and/or older technology, which led electrical appliances to be overlooked. We found that comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of the methodological aspects of e-waste generation are still lacking. Based on the research gaps and limitations discussed, recommendations for future research were made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haikal Ismail
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Technology Management and Logistics, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeng X, Ali SH, Tian J, Li J. Mapping anthropogenic mineral generation in China and its implications for a circular economy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1544. [PMID: 32214094 PMCID: PMC7096490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic mineral is absorbing wide concern in the context of circular economy, but its generation mechanism and quantity from product to waste remain unclear. Here we consider three product groups, 30 products, and use the revised Weibull lifespan model to map the generation of anthropogenic mineral and 23 types of the capsulated materials by targeting their evolution from 2010 to 2050. Total weight of anthropogenic mineral on average in China reached 39 Mt in 2010, but it will double in 2022 and quadruple in 2045. Stocks of precious metals and rare earths will increase faster than most base materials. The total economic potential in yearly-generated anthropogenic mineral is anticipated to grow markedly from 100 billion US$ in 2020 to 400 billion US$ in 2050. Furthermore, anthropogenic mineral of around 20 materials will be capable to meet projected consumption of three product groups by 2050. While a large quantity of underground mineral resources can be converted into manufactured products, a majority is still solid waste disposal. Here the authors found a large increase in total weight of anthropogenic mineral from 2010 to 2050 with faster growth rate for precious metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlai Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.,Center for Industrial Ecology, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Saleem H Ali
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19709, USA.,Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,United Nations International Resource Panel, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jinping Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng Q, Hao T, Sun B, Luo J, Chen G, Crittenden JC. Electrochemical Pretreatment for Sludge Sulfide Control without Chemical Dosing: A Mechanistic Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14559-14567. [PMID: 31746592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide is a toxic and corrosive odorant generated in various sludge treatment and disposal systems. We developed an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) approach to eliminate sludge sulfide production without adding chemicals. Biochemical sulfide potential (BSP) test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of EPT on sludge sulfide production. The sulfide control was effective with EPT, and we determined the underlying mechanism of EPT. EPT which was operated at 12 V for 720 s eliminated 99% of dissolved sulfide and 100% of gaseous H2S(g). In comparison, the dissolved sulfide reached 104 ± 1 mg S/L in the control BSP test. A sulfur mass balance analysis in the BSP test showed that 90% of the produced sulfide was removed via metal precipitation. Metal distribution results confirmed that metals (i.e., Fe, Mn, and Ni) in the sludge became soluble after EPT and were released from their residual and organically bound fractions. EPT which was operated at 15 V solubilized around 73, 92, and 72% of Fe, Mn, and Ni, and these metals precipitated the sulfide that was produced from biological sulfate reduction. Sludge analysis revealed that EPT disintegrated sludge flocs and disrupted metal-binding functional groups. Specifically, reduction of 17% C═O functional groups in the sludge was found, which could be associated with metal release. The impact of oxidants (e.g., chlorine) generated from EPT on sulfide oxidation was minimal. The findings of this study broadened up our understanding of the electrochemical process for sulfide control during saline sludge digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China
| | | | - Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Guangzhou 511458 , China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Göswein V, Silvestre JD, Habert G, Freire F. Dynamic Assessment of Construction Materials in Urban Building Stocks: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9992-10006. [PMID: 31343868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding on the different types of dynamics of building stocks, in real life and in models. Moreover, there is now a particular interest in the embodied impacts of construction materials, since with the increasing efficiency of buildings operation, embodied impacts gain more importance in the overall building life cycle. This critical review wants to advance the understanding of the type of dynamics, methods, and tools used. The well-known IPAT equation is adapted for building stocks and three dynamics are defined: spatial, evolutionary temporal, and spatial-cohort dynamic. A framework is defined that can help researchers choose a method, tool, and dynamics of input parameters depending on their research goal, case study, and data. Moreover, generally valid conclusions are drawn, including MFA is useful to model spatially dynamic material flows; GIS is needed to include spatial dynamics. Retrofit, compared to construction and demolition, is understudied and usually analyzed through top-down methods. Material intensity and emission intensity are rarely modeled in a dynamic way. Overall, scholars seem to perform increasingly data intensive and complex studies tailored to a specific case study. However, there are big differences in the quality depending on the dynamic of input parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Göswein
- CERIS, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , 1049-001 , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - José Dinis Silvestre
- CERIS, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais 1 , 1049-001 , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Guillaume Habert
- Chair of Sustainable Construction, IBI , ETH Zürich , Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Fausto Freire
- ADAI-LAETA, Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Coimbra, Polo II Campus , R. Luís Reis Santos , 3030-788 Coimbra , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Swain B, Lee CG. Commercial indium recovery processes development from various e-(industry) waste through the insightful integration of valorization processes: A perspective. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:597-611. [PMID: 31109560 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of the waste LCD and recovery of indium which is an important classified critical raw material rarely have been industrially valorized for the circular economy due to lack of technology. Waste specific technology development is a cost-intensive and time-consuming process for the recycling industry. Hence, integrating existing technology for the purpose can address the e-waste issue in general and waste LCD in particular. Waste LCD and LCD industry itching wastewater are two important challenges can be addressed through an insightful combination of two. Hence, here possible integration of waste LCD leaching process with ITO wastewater treatment has been focused on indium recovery purpose. From our perspective process integration can be managed in two different ways, i.e., waste-to-waste mix stream process and integration of two different valorization processes for complete recovery of indium. With reference to indium recovery and context of e-waste recovery the process integration can be managed in two different ways, i.e., (i) waste LCD leaching with ITO etching industry wastewater then valorized (Waste-to-waste mix stream), (ii) Integration of waste LCD leaching process with ITO wastewater treatment process (integration of two valorization processes).Through proposed process semiconductor manufacturing industry and ITO recycling industry can address various issues like; (i) waste disposal, as well as indium recovery, (ii) brings back the material to production stream and address the circular economy, (ii) can be closed-loop process with industry and (iii) can be part of cradle-to-cradle technology management and lower the futuristic carbon economy, simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Swain
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), Yongin-Si 449-863, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Gi Lee
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), Yongin-Si 449-863, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|