1
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Huang A, Van den Brink PJ, Van den Brink NW, Baas J. A dynamic energy budget (DEB) model to assess the sublethal effects of imidacloprid toward Gammarus pulex at different temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142511. [PMID: 38825249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Environmental ambient temperature significantly impacts the metabolic activities of aquatic ectotherm organisms and influences the fate of various chemicals. Although numerous studies have shown that the acute lethal toxicity of most chemicals increases with increasing temperature, the impact of temperature on chronic effects - encompassing both lethal and sublethal endpoints - has received limited attention. Furthermore, the mechanisms linking temperature and toxicity, potentially unveiled by toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models (TKTD), remains inadequately explored. This study investigated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the growth and survival of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex at two different temperatures. Our experimental design was tailored to fit a TKTD model, specifically the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model. We conducted experiments spanning three and six months, utilizing small G. pulex juveniles. We observed effects endpoints at least five times, employing both destructive and non-destructive methods, crucial for accurate model fittings. Our findings reveal that IMI at environmental concentrations (up to 0.3 μg/L) affects the growth and survival of G. pulex, albeit with limited effects, showing a 10% inhibition compared to the control group. These limited effects, observed in both lethal and sublethal aspects, suggest a different mode of action at low, environmentally-relevant concentrations in long-term exposure (3 months), in contrast to previous studies which applied higher concentrations and found that sublethal effects occurred at significantly lower levels than lethal effects in an acute test setting (4 days). Moreover, after parameterizing the DEB model for various temperatures, we identified a lower threshold for both lethal and sublethal effects at higher temperatures, indicating increased intrinsic sensitivity. Overall, this study contributes to future risk assessments considering temperature as a crucial factor and exemplifies the integration of the DEB model into experimental design for comprehensive toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Huang
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico W Van den Brink
- Sub-department of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8000, 6700, EA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baas
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Moe SJ, Brix KV, Landis WG, Stauber JL, Carriger JF, Hader JD, Kunimitsu T, Mentzel S, Nathan R, Noyes PD, Oldenkamp R, Rohr JR, van den Brink PJ, Verheyen J, Benestad RE. Integrating climate model projections into environmental risk assessment: A probabilistic modeling approach. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:367-383. [PMID: 38084033 PMCID: PMC11247537 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) convened a Pellston workshop in 2022 to examine how information on climate change could be better incorporated into the ecological risk assessment (ERA) process for chemicals as well as other environmental stressors. A major impetus for this workshop is that climate change can affect components of ecological risks in multiple direct and indirect ways, including the use patterns and environmental exposure pathways of chemical stressors such as pesticides, the toxicity of chemicals in receiving environments, and the vulnerability of species of concern related to habitat quality and use. This article explores a modeling approach for integrating climate model projections into the assessment of near- and long-term ecological risks, developed in collaboration with climate scientists. State-of-the-art global climate modeling and downscaling techniques may enable climate projections at scales appropriate for the study area. It is, however, also important to realize the limitations of individual global climate models and make use of climate model ensembles represented by statistical properties. Here, we present a probabilistic modeling approach aiming to combine projected climatic variables as well as the associated uncertainties from climate model ensembles in conjunction with ERA pathways. We draw upon three examples of ERA that utilized Bayesian networks for this purpose and that also represent methodological advancements for better prediction of future risks to ecosystems. We envision that the modeling approach developed from this international collaboration will contribute to better assessment and management of risks from chemical stressors in a changing climate. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:367-383. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Brix
- EcoTox LLC, Miami, Florida, USA
- RSMAES, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wayne G Landis
- College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO Environment, Lucas Heights, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia
| | - John F Carriger
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Land Remediation and Technology Division, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John D Hader
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taro Kunimitsu
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sophie Mentzel
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rory Nathan
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela D Noyes
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, USEPA, Integrated Climate Sciences Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rik Oldenkamp
- Chemistry for Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul J van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Bauer B, Singer A, Gao Z, Jakoby O, Witt J, Preuss T, Gergs A. A Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Modeling Workflow Assessing the Quality of Input Mortality Data. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:197-210. [PMID: 37818873 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models simulate organismal uptake and elimination of a substance (TK) and its effects on the organism (TD). The Reduced General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS-RED) is a TKTD modeling framework that is well established for aquatic risk assessment to simulate effects on survival. The TKTD models are applied in three steps: parameterization based on experimental data (calibration), comparing predictions with independent data (validation), and prediction of endpoints under environmental scenarios. Despite a clear understanding of the sensitivity of GUTS-RED predictions to the model parameters, the influence of the input data on the quality of GUTS-RED calibration and validation has not been systematically explored. We analyzed the performance of GUTS-RED calibration and validation based on a unique, comprehensive data set, covering different types of substances, exposure patterns, and aquatic animal species taxa that are regularly used for risk assessment of plant protection products. We developed a software code to automatically calibrate and validate GUTS-RED against survival measurements from 59 toxicity tests and to calculate selected model evaluation metrics. To assess whether specific survival data sets were better suited for calibration or validation, we applied a design in which all possible combinations of studies for the same species-substance combination are used for calibration and validation. We found that uncertainty of calibrated parameters was lower when the full range of effects (i.e., from high survival to high mortality) was covered by input data. Increasing the number of toxicity studies used for calibration further decreased parameter uncertainty. Including data from both acute and chronic studies as well as studies under pulsed and constant exposure in model calibrations improved model predictions on different types of validation data. Using our results, we derived a workflow, including recommendations for the sequence of modeling steps from the selection of input data to a final judgment on the suitability of GUTS-RED for the data set. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:197-210. © 2023 Bayer AG and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Gergs
- Crop Science Division, Bayer, Monheim, Germany
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4
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Mangold-Döring A, Baas J, van den Brink PJ, Focks A, van Nes EH. Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Model to Assess Thermal Stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21029-21037. [PMID: 38062939 PMCID: PMC10734255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting the distribution and performance of ectothermic organisms. This study introduces a new temperature damage model to interpret their thermal stress. Inspired by the ecotoxicological damage model in the General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) framework, the temperature damage model assumes that damage depends on the balance between temperature-dependent accumulation and constant repair. Mortality due to temperature stress is driven by the damage level exceeding a threshold. Model calibration showed a good agreement with the measured survival of Gammarus pulex exposed to different constant temperatures. Further, model simulations, including constant temperatures, daily temperature fluctuations, and heatwaves, demonstrated the model's ability to predict temperature effects for various environmental scenarios. With this, the present study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of temperature as a single stressor while facilitating the incorporation of temperature as an additional stressor alongside chemicals in mechanistic multistressor effect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Mangold-Döring
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baas
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van den Brink
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Focks
- System
Science Group/Institute of Mathematics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 12, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Egbert H. van Nes
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Chaabani S, Einum S, Jaspers VLB, Asimakopoulos AG, Zhang J, Muller E. Impact of the antidepressant Bupropion on the Dynamic Energy Budget of Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164984. [PMID: 37356764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric drugs are considered among the emerging contaminants of concern in ecological risk assessment, due to their potential to disrupt homeostasis in aquatic organisms. Bupropion is an antidepressant that acts by selective reuptake inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine. Little is known about this compound's effects on aquatic organisms, despite being detected in significant concentrations in both water and biota close to waste-water treatment plants and densely populated areas. Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models are flexible mechanistic tools that can be applied to understand toxic effects and extrapolate individual responses to higher biological levels and under untested environmental conditions. In this work, we used the stdDEB-TKTD (an application of the DEB theory to ecotoxicology) approach to investigate the possible physiological mode of action of Bupropion on the model organism Daphnia magna. Next, Dynamic Energy Budget Individual-Based Models (DEB-IBM) were used to extrapolate the results to the population level and to predict the combined effects of Bupropion exposure and food availability on the daphnids. Our results revealed an increasing negative effect of this antidepressant on the reproduction and survival of the animals with increasing concentration (0.004, 0.058, 0.58 and 58 μM). At the population level, we found that even the lowest used doses of Bupropion could reduce the population density and its reproductive output. The impacts are predicted to be stronger under limited food conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Chaabani
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Muller
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93116, USA; ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, D-6430 Rossdorf, Germany
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6
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Schäfer RB, Jackson M, Juvigny-Khenafou N, Osakpolor SE, Posthuma L, Schneeweiss A, Spaak J, Vinebrooke R. Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1915-1936. [PMID: 37036219 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915-1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Noel Juvigny-Khenafou
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Stephen E Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jürg Spaak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Univerität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Jiang R, Wang M, Xie T, Chen W. Site-specific ecological effect assessment at community level for polymetallic contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130531. [PMID: 36495636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Current ecological risk assessment (ERA) is based more on book-keeping than on science especially for terrestrial ecosystems due to the lack of relevance to real field. Accordingly, site-specific ecological effect assessment is critical for ERA, especially at high tiers. This study developed procedures to assess ecological effect at community level based on field data. As a case study, we assessed ecological effect of polymetallic contamination in soil in the surrounding of an abandoned mining and smelting site in Hunan, China. Firstly, Zn was identified as the dominant contaminant in soil and slope gradient (SG) and pH as environmental impact factors using distance-based redundancy analysis(db-RDA). Secondly, sensitive endpoints were screened using correlation analysis between Zn and parameters of plant community composition and functional traits. Thirdly, exposure-effect curves between Zn and screened endpoints were developed by taking SG and pH as covariates using Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis (BKMR), based on which half-effect concentrations (EC50s) and 10 %-effect concentrations (EC10s) of soil Zn for each endpoint were calculated. Finally, site-specific hazardous concentrations (HC50s) of Zn were estimated. It was revealed site-specific EC50s and EC10s for soil Zn ranged 80.5-201 mg kg-1 and 342-893 mgkg-1, respectively, and HC50s based on EC10s and EC50s ranged 104-110 mg kg-1 and 595-612 mg kg-1, respectively, which are more specific and inclusive than those obtained based on crop and vegetable seed germination and seedling growth toxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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8
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Plantade J, Baudrot V, Charles S. hb or not hb - when and why accounting for background mortality in toxicological survival models matters? MethodsX 2023; 10:102114. [PMID: 37007615 PMCID: PMC10064231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Decisions in Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) about impacts of chemical compounds on different species are based on critical effect indicators such as the 50% lethal concentration (LC50). Regulatory documents recommend concentration-response (or concentration-effect) model fitting on standard toxicity test data to get LC50 values. However, toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models proved their efficiency to better exploit toxicity test data, at Tier-2 but also at Tier-1, delivering time-independent indicators. In particular, LC50 values can be obtained from the reduced General Unified Threshold model of Survival (GUTS-RED) with both variants, Stochastic Death and Individual Tolerance, that include parameter hb, the background mortality. Estimating hb during the fitting process or not depends on studies and fitting habits, while it may strongly influence the other GUTS-RED parameters, and consequently the LC50 estimate. We hypothesized that estimating hb from all data in all replicates over time should provide more precise LC50 estimates. We then explored how estimating hb impacted: (i) GUTS-RED model parameters; (ii) goodness-of-fit criteria (fitting plot, posterior predictive check, parameter correlations); (iii) LC50 accuracy and precision. We finally show that estimating hb does not impact the LC50 precision while providing more accurate and precise GUTS parameter estimates. Hence, estimating hb would lead to a more protective ERA.
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9
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Raths J, Švara V, Lauper B, Fu Q, Hollender J. Speed it up: How temperature drives toxicokinetics of organic contaminants in freshwater amphipods. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1390-1406. [PMID: 36448880 PMCID: PMC10107603 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The acceleration of global climate change draws increasing attention towards interactive effects of temperature and organic contaminants. Many studies reported a higher sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates towards contaminant exposure with increasing or fluctuating temperatures. The hypothesis of this study was that the higher sensitivity of invertebrates is associated with the changes of toxicokinetic processes that determine internal concentrations of contaminants and consequently toxic effects. Therefore, the influence of temperature on toxicokinetic processes and the underlying mechanisms were studied in two key amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and Hyalella azteca). Bioconcentration experiments were carried out at four different temperatures with a mixture of 12 exposure relevant polar organic contaminants. Tissue and medium samples were taken in regular intervals and analysed by online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, toxicokinetic rates were modelled and analysed in dependence of the exposure temperature using the Arrhenius equation. An exponential relationship between toxicokinetic rates versus temperature was observed and could be well depicted by applying the Arrhenius equation. Due to a similar Arrhenius temperature of uptake and elimination rates, the bioconcentration factors of the contaminants were generally constant across the temperature range. Furthermore, the Arrhenius temperature of the toxicokinetic rates and respiration was mostly similar. However, in some cases (citalopram, cyprodinil), the bioconcentration factor appeared to be temperature dependent, which could potentially be explained by the influence of temperature on active uptake mechanisms or biotransformation. The observed temperature effects on toxicokinetics may be particularly relevant in non-equilibrated systems, such as exposure peaks in summer as exemplified by the exposure modelling of a field measured pesticide peak where the internal concentrations increased by up to fourfold along the temperature gradient. The results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of chemical uptake, biotransformation and elimination in different climate scenarios and can improve environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raths
- Department of Environmental ChemistrySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology – EawagDübendorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Vid Švara
- UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, Engineering & ITCarinthia University of Applied SciencesVillachAustria
- Department of Effect‐Directed AnalysisHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Benedikt Lauper
- Department of Environmental ChemistrySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology – EawagDübendorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department of Environmental ChemistrySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology – EawagDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Department of Environmental ChemistrySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology – EawagDübendorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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10
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Singer A, Nickisch D, Gergs A. Joint survival modelling for multiple species exposed to toxicants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159266. [PMID: 36228790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessment (ERA), the multitude of compounds and taxa demands cross-species extrapolation to cover the variability in sensitivity to toxicants. However, only the impact of a single compound to a single species is addressed by the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS). The reduced GUTS is the recommended model to analyse lethal toxic effects in regulatory aquatic ERA. GUTS considers toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Two toxicodynamic approaches are considered: Stochastic death (SD) assumes that survival decreases with an increasing internalized amount of the toxicant. Individual tolerance (IT) assumes that individuals vary in their tolerance to toxic exposure. Existing theory suggests that the product of the threshold zw and killing rate bw (both SD toxicodynamic parameters) are constant across species or compounds if receptors and target sites are shared. We extend that theory and show that the shape parameter β of the loglogistic threshold distribution in IT is also constant. To verify the predicted relationships, we conducted three tests using toxicity studies for eight arthropods exposed to the insecticide flupyradifurone. We confirmed previous verifications of the relation- between SD parameters, and the newly established relation for the IT parameter β. We enhanced GUTS to jointly model survival for multiple species with shared receptors and pathways by incorporating the relations among toxicodynamic parameters described above. The joint GUTS exploits the shared parameter relations and therefore constrains parameter uncertainty for each of the separate species. Particularly for IT, the joint GUTS more precisely predicted risk to the separate species than the standard single species GUTS under environmentally realistic exposure. We suggest that joint GUTS modelling can improve cross-species extrapolation in regulatory ERA by increasing the reliability of risk estimates and reducing animal testing. Furthermore, the shared toxicodynamic response provides potential to reduce complexity of ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Nickisch
- RIFCON GmbH, Goldbeckstraße 13, 69493 Hirschberg, Germany.
| | - André Gergs
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel Straße 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
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11
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Schneeweiss A, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Osakpolor S, Scharmüller A, Scheu S, Schreiner VC, Ashauer R, Escher BI, Leese F, Schäfer RB. Three perspectives on the prediction of chemical effects in ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:21-40. [PMID: 36131639 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production, use and emission of synthetic chemicals into the environment represents a major driver of global change. The large number of synthetic chemicals, limited knowledge on exposure patterns and effects in organisms and their interaction with other global change drivers hamper the prediction of effects in ecosystems. However, recent advances in biomolecular and computational methods are promising to improve our capacity for prediction. We delineate three idealised perspectives for the prediction of chemical effects: the suborganismal, organismal and ecological perspective, which are currently largely separated. Each of the outlined perspectives includes essential and complementary theories and tools for prediction but captures only part of the phenomenon of chemical effects. Links between the perspectives may foster predictive modelling of chemical effects in ecosystems and extrapolation between species. A major challenge for the linkage is the lack of data sets simultaneously covering different levels of biological organisation (here referred to as biological levels) as well as varying temporal and spatial scales. Synthesising the three perspectives, some central aspects and associated types of data seem particularly necessary to improve prediction. First, suborganism- and organism-level responses to chemicals need to be recorded and tested for relationships with chemical groups and organism traits. Second, metrics that are measurable at many biological levels, such as energy, need to be scrutinised for their potential to integrate across levels. Third, experimental data on the simultaneous response over multiple biological levels and spatiotemporal scales are required. These could be collected in nested and interconnected micro- and mesocosm experiments. Lastly, prioritisation of processes involved in the prediction framework needs to find a balance between simplification and capturing the essential complexity of a system. For example, in some cases, eco-evolutionary dynamics and interactions may need stronger consideration. Prediction needs to move from a static to a real-world eco-evolutionary view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | | | - Stephen Osakpolor
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), UMR 7063, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg-ENGEES, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastian Scheu
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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12
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Mangold-Döring A, Huang A, van Nes EH, Focks A, van den Brink PJ. Explicit Consideration of Temperature Improves Predictions of Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Models for Flupyradifurone and Imidacloprid in Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15920-15929. [PMID: 36281980 PMCID: PMC9671055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the face of global climate change, where temperature fluctuations and the frequency of extreme weather events are increasing, it is needed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the ecological risk assessment of chemicals. Current state-of-the-art mechanistic effect models, such as toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models, often do not explicitly consider temperature as a modulating factor. This study implemented the effect of temperature in a widely used modeling framework, the General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS). We tested the model using data from toxicokinetic and toxicity experiments with Gammarus pulex exposed to the insecticides imidacloprid and flupyradifurone. The experiments revealed increased TK rates with increasing temperature and increased toxicity under chronic exposures. Using the widely used Arrhenius equation, we could include the temperature influence into the modeling. By further testing of different model approaches, differences in the temperature scaling of TK and TD model parameters could be identified, urging further investigations of the underlying mechanisms. Finally, our results show that predictions of TK-TD models improve if we include the toxicity modulating effect of temperature explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Mangold-Döring
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research,
P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Huang
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research,
P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert H. van Nes
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research,
P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Focks
- System
Science Group/Institute of Mathematics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 12, D-49076Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Paul J. van den Brink
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research,
P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Rakel K, Becker D, Bussen D, Classen S, Preuss T, Strauss T, Zenker A, Gergs A. Physiological Dependency Explains Temperature Differences in Sensitivity Towards Chemical Exposure. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:349-360. [PMID: 36264308 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In chemical risk assessment, extrapolations from laboratory tests to more realistic conditions are essential to address the toxic effects of pesticides on individuals and populations under field conditions. To transfer toxicological laboratory tests to differing temperature conditions, or outdoor field scenarios, the consideration of temperature dependence is essential and increases realism. Special consideration is given to the impact of temperature on direct sensitivity of organisms to pesticides, for which there are only few modelling approaches available so far. We present a concept for applying physiological temperature dependencies to toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) parameters in the General Uniformed Threshold model of Survival (GUTS). To test this approach in an exemplary study, temperature dependencies from studies on the developmental rate of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum were applied to the parameters of a previously parameterised TKTD model of this species after exposure to imidacloprid. Using a physiologically derived temperature correction for the TKTD rate constants, model predictions for independently conducted toxicology experiments with temperature ranges between 7.8 and 26.4 °C were performed for validation. Our approach demonstrates the successful transfer of a physiological observed temperature dependency on toxicity parameters and survival patterns for Cloeon dipterum and imidacloprid as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Rakel
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (Gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dennis Becker
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Am Unisyspark 1, 65843, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Dino Bussen
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (Gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silke Classen
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (Gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Preuss
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Tido Strauss
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (Gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Zenker
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 340, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - André Gergs
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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14
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Gao Y, Zhu J, He A. Effect of dissolved organic matter on the bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium in zebrafish larvae: Determination based on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic processes. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119272. [PMID: 36283231 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences the bioavailability of metals in aquatic environments; however, the association between the binding activities and the concentrations of DOM compositions is not well documented, leading to uncertainties in metal toxicity assessment. We creatively quantify the mitigation and acceleration effects of DOM compositions on cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation and toxicity in zebrafish larvae using abiotic ligand (ABLs) and biotic ligand (BLs) in a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) model. The BL-TK-TD model could accurately predict the protective effect of fulvic acid while overestimating the complexing capacity of citric acid. The model also could successfully simulate the protective effects of native DOM in most cases from 32 natural water bodies in China. The observed LC50 values of Cd showed a peak effect for the native DOM fraction comprising hydrophilic acidic contents (3.55 ± 0.44 mg L - 1) in natural water from 32 sites. The BL-TK-TD model provides practically useful information to identify the effect of different DOM compositions on metal bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic environments and guides future water management policies aimed at controlling aquatic heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Jingxue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - An He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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15
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Nickisch Born Gericke D, Rall BC, Singer A, Ashauer R. Fish Species Sensitivity Ranking Depends on Pesticide Exposure Profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1732-1741. [PMID: 35452530 PMCID: PMC9328144 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the regulatory environmental risk assessment of plant protection products, the exposure tested in standard toxicity tests assumes simple exposure dynamics, such as constant exposure at the first stage of testing. However, environmental exposure can be highly dynamic. A species response to exposure is governed by toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD). Therefore, it can be expected that the sensitivity of a species to a substance is dependent on the interplay of TKTD processes with the dynamics of the exposure. We investigated whether exposure dynamics affects species sensitivity of five fish species and if their sensitivity rankings differ among exposure profiles. We analyzed individual survival under projected surface water exposure to benzovindiflupyr. For this purpose, we calibrated compound- and species-specific reduced general unified threshold models of survival (GUTS-RED) models from standard laboratory toxicity data with the assumptions of stochastic death and individual tolerance. Using the calibrated models, we generated species sensitivity distributions based on median lethal profile multiplication factors for three characteristic exposure profiles. The analysis was performed using different GUTS-RED implementations: openGUTS (MATLAB® and Windows® versions) and the R package morse. The sensitivity rankings of the fish species changed as a function of exposure profile. For a multiple-peak scenario, rainbow trout was the most sensitive species. For a single peak followed by a slow concentration decline the most sensitive species was the fathead minnow (GUTS-RED-stochastic death) or the common carp (GUTS-RED-individual tolerance). Our results suggest that a single most sensitive species cannot be defined for all situations, all exposure profiles, and both GUTS-RED variants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1732-1741. © 2022 Syngenta. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop ProtectionBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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16
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Pollesch NL, Flynn KM, Kadlec SM, Swintek JA, Raimondo S, Etterson MA. DEVELOPING INTEGRAL PROJECTION MODELS FOR ECOTOXICOLOGY. Ecol Modell 2022; 464:1-15. [PMID: 37850033 PMCID: PMC10581395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In many ecosystems, especially aquatic ecosystems, size plays a critical role in the factors that determine an individual's ability to survive and reproduce. In aquatic ecotoxicology, size informs both realized and potential acute and chronic effects of chemical exposure. This paper demonstrates how chemical and nonchemical effects on growth, survival, and reproduction can be linked to population-level dynamics using size-structured integral projection models (IPM). The modeling approach was developed with the goals and constraints of ecological risk assessors in mind, who are tasked with estimating the effects of chemical exposures to wildlife populations in a data-limited environment. The included case study is a collection of daily time-step IPMs parameterized for the life history and annual cycle of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), which motivated the development of modeling techniques for seasonal, iteroparous reproduction, density dependent growth effects, and size-dependent over-winter survival. The effects of a time-variable annual chemical exposure were interpreted using a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model for acute survival and sub-lethal growth effects model for chronic effects and incorporated into the IPMs. This paper presents a first application of integral projection models to ecotoxicology. Our research demonstrates that size-structured IPMs provide a promising, flexible, framework for synthesizing ecotoxicologically relevant data and theory to explore the effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors and the resulting impacts on exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Pollesch
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
- University of Wisconsin Aquatic Sciences Center, 1975 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K M Flynn
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - S M Kadlec
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - J A Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - S Raimondo
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA
| | - M A Etterson
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
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17
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Forbes VE, Agatz A, Ashauer R, Butt KR, Capowiez Y, Duquesne S, Ernst G, Focks A, Gergs A, Hodson ME, Holmstrup M, Johnston AS, Meli M, Nickisch D, Pieper S, Rakel KJ, Reed M, Roembke J, Schäfer RB, Thorbek P, Spurgeon DJ, Van den Berg E, Van Gestel CA, Zorn MI, Roeben V. Mechanistic Effect Modeling of Earthworms in the Context of Pesticide Risk Assessment: Synthesis of the FORESEE Workshop. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:352-363. [PMID: 32910508 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are important ecosystem engineers, and assessment of the risk of plant protection products toward them is part of the European environmental risk assessment (ERA). In the current ERA scheme, exposure and effects are represented simplistically and are not well integrated, resulting in uncertainty when the results are applied to ecosystems. Modeling offers a powerful tool to integrate the effects observed in lower tier laboratory studies with the environmental conditions under which exposure is expected in the field. This paper provides a summary of the (In)Field Organism Risk modEling by coupling Soil Exposure and Effect (FORESEE) Workshop held 28-30 January 2020 in Düsseldorf, Germany. This workshop focused on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) and population modeling of earthworms in the context of ERA. The goal was to bring together scientists from different stakeholder groups to discuss the current state of soil invertebrate modeling and to explore how earthworm modeling could be applied to risk assessments, in particular how the different model outputs can be used in the tiered ERA approach. In support of these goals, the workshop aimed at addressing the requirements and concerns of the different stakeholder groups to support further model development. The modeling approach included 4 submodules to cover the most relevant processes for earthworm risk assessment: environment, behavior (feeding, vertical movement), TKTD, and population. Four workgroups examined different aspects of the model with relevance for risk assessment, earthworm ecology, uptake routes, and cross-species extrapolation and model testing. Here, we present the perspectives of each workgroup and highlight how the collaborative effort of participants from multidisciplinary backgrounds helped to establish common ground. In addition, we provide a list of recommendations for how earthworm TKTD modeling could address some of the uncertainties in current risk assessments for plant protection products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:352-363. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery E Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin R Butt
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, UMR 1114 EMMAH, INRA/Université d'Avignon, Domaine Saint Paul, Agroparc, Avignon, France
| | - Sabine Duquesne
- UBA Umweltbundesamt, FGIV-1.3, Section Plant Protection Products, Dessau, Germany
| | - Gregor Ernst
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Focks
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Gergs
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - Mark E Hodson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alice Sa Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Meli
- Adama Agricultural Solutions Ltd, Suresnes Cedex, France
| | | | - Silvia Pieper
- UBA Umweltbundesamt, FGIV-1.3, Section Plant Protection Products, Dessau, Germany
| | | | - Melissa Reed
- Health and Safety Executive, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz and Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - David J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cornelis Am Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Sherborne N, Galic N, Ashauer R. Sublethal effect modelling for environmental risk assessment of chemicals: Problem definition, model variants, application and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141027. [PMID: 32758729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergetic models, and specifically dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, are gathering a great deal of interest as a tool to predict the effects of realistically variable exposure to toxicants over time on an individual animal. Here we use aquatic ecological risk assessment (ERA) as the context for a review of the different model variants within DEB and the closely related DEBkiss theory (incl. reserves, ageing, size & maturity, starvation). We propose a coherent and unifying naming scheme for all current major DEB variants, explore the implications of each model's underlying assumptions in terms of its capability and complexity and analyse differences between the models (endpoints, mathematical differences, physiological modes of action). The results imply a hierarchy of model complexity which could be used to guide the implementation of simplified model variants. We provide a decision tree to support matching the simplest suitable model to a given research or regulatory question. We detail which new insights can be gained by using DEB in toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modelling, both generally and for the specific example of ERA, and highlight open questions. Specifically, we outline a moving time window approach to assess time-variable exposure concentrations and discuss how to account for cross-generational exposure. Where possible, we suggest valuable topics for experimental and theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sherborne
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom.
| | - Nika Galic
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, United Kingdom; Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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19
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Roeben V, Oberdoerster S, Rakel KJ, Liesy D, Capowiez Y, Ernst G, Preuss TG, Gergs A, Oberdoerster C. Towards a spatiotemporally explicit toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model for earthworm toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137673. [PMID: 32208236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the environmental risk assessment of chemicals is the prevention of unacceptable adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, the risk assessment for in-soil organisms, such as earthworms, is based on two key elements: the exposure assessment and the effect assessment. In the current risk assessment scheme, these two elements are not linked. While for the exposure assessment, advanced exposure models can take the spatial and temporal scale of substances into account, the effect assessment in the lower tiers considers only a limited temporal and spatial variability. However, for soil organisms, such as earthworms, those scales play a significant role as species move through the soil in response to environmental factors. To overcome this gap, we propose a conceptual integration of pesticide exposure, ecology, and toxicological effects on earthworms using a modular modeling approach. An essential part of this modular approach is the environment module, which utilizes exposure models to provide spatially and temporally explicit information on environmental variables (e.g., temperature, moisture, organic matter content) and chemical concentrations. The behavior module uses this information and simulates the feeding and movement of different earthworm species using a trait-based approach. The resulting exposure can be processed by a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) module. TKTD models are particularly suitable to make effect predictions for time-variable exposure situations as they include the processes of uptake, elimination, internal distribution, and biotransformation of chemicals and link the internal concentration to an effect at the organism level. The population module incorporates existing population models of different earthworm species. The modular approach is illustrated using a case study with an insecticide. Our results emphasize that using a modular model approach will facilitate the integration of exposure and effects and thus enhance the risk assessment of soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Roeben
- gaiac - Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Kackertstrasse 10, 52072 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Kim J Rakel
- gaiac - Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Kackertstrasse 10, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dino Liesy
- gaiac - Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment, Kackertstrasse 10, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yvan Capowiez
- INRAE, 228 route de l'Aérodrome, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Gregor Ernst
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Thomas G Preuss
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - André Gergs
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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