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Escalona Hernández V, Padilla-Martínez II, García RAV, Rodríguez MAV, Hernández-Ortiz OJ. Synthesis, and evaluation of photophysical properties of a potential DPP-derived photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy with D-A-D architecture. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2024; 35:11. [PMID: 38300359 PMCID: PMC10834609 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The study of a macromolecule derived from DPP and triphenylamine, (DPP-BisTPA) by computational chemistry, its synthesis by direct arylation, optical characterization (UV-Vis and fluorescence) and electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry), as well as its evaluation as a generator of reactive oxygen species indirectly, through the degradation of uric acid. The results obtained by DFT using B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and TD-DFT using CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) reveal values of energy levels of the first singlet and triplet excited state that indicate a possible intersystem crossover and the possible generation of reactive oxygen species by a type I mechanism. The compound presents an absorption region within the phototherapeutic window. The electrochemical bandgap is 1.64 eV which suggests a behavior as a semiconductor. DPP-BisTPa were processed as hemispherical nanoparticles with a size around 100 nm, and NPOs were evaluated as a photosensitizer with a ROS generation yield of 4% using a photodynamic therapy flashlight as the light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Escalona Hernández
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Itzia Irene Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - María Aurora Veloz Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México
| | - Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), 4.5.C.P. 42184. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma, Hgo, México.
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México, 07340, México.
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Fan B, Gao H, Jen AKY. Biaxially Conjugated Materials for Organic Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:136-154. [PMID: 38146694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent one of the most important emerging photovoltaic technologies that can implement solar energy conversion efficiently. The chemical structure of organic semiconductors deployed in the active layer of OSCs plays a critical role in the photovoltaic performance and chemical/physical stability of relevant devices. With the structure innovation of organic semiconductors, especially nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), the performance of OSCs have been promoted rapidly in recent years, with state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19.5%. Compared with other photovoltaics like perovskite, the shortcoming of OSCs mainly lies in the high nonradiative recombination loss. However, the photocurrent density is superior in OSCs owing to the easy modulation of the NFA band gap toward the near-infrared region. In these regards, the effort to further boost the PCE of OSCs to achieve a milestone >21% should be devoted to reducing the nonradiative loss while further broadening the absorption band. Developing organic semiconductors with biaxially extended conjugated structures has provided a potential solution to achieve these goals. Herein, we summarize the design rules and performance progress of biaxially extended conjugated materials for OSCs. The descriptions are divided into two major categories, i.e., polymers and NFAs. For p-type polymers, we focus on the biaxial conjugation on some representative building blocks, e.g., polythiophene, triphenylamine, and quinoxaline. Whereas for n-type polymers, some structures with large conjugated planes in the normal direction are presented. We also elaborate on the biaxial conjugation strategies in NFAs with modification site at either the π-core or side-group. The general structure-property relationships are further retrieved within these materials, with focus on the short-wavelength absorption and nonradiative energy loss. Finally, we provide an outlook for the further structure modification strategies of biaxially conjugated materials toward highly efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Hernández-Ortiz OJ, Castro-Monter D, Rodríguez Lugo V, Moggio I, Arias E, Reyes-Valderrama MI, Veloz-Rodríguez MA, Vázquez-García RA. Synthesis and Study of the Optical Properties of a Conjugated Polymer with Configurational Isomerism for Optoelectronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2908. [PMID: 37049202 PMCID: PMC10096395 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A π-conjugated polymer (PBQT) containing bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo [1,2-b'] bithiophene (BDT) units alternated with a quinoline-vinylene trimer was obtained by the Stille reaction. The chemical structure of the polymer was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF). The intrinsic photophysical properties of the solution were evaluated by absorption and (static and dynamic) fluorescence. The polymer PBQT exhibits photochromism with a change in absorption from blue (449 nm) to burgundy (545 nm) and a change in fluorescence emission from green (513 nm) to orange (605 nm) due to conformational photoisomerization from the trans to the cis isomer, which was supported by theoretical calculations DFT and TD-DFT. This optical response can be used in optical sensors, security elements, or optical switches. Furthermore, the polymer forms spin-coated films with absorption properties that cover the entire visible range, with a maximum near the solar emission maximum. The frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO and LUMO, were calculated by cyclic voltammetry, and values of -5.29 eV and -3.69, respectively, and a bandgap of 1.6 eV were obtained, making this material a semiconductor with a good energetic match. These properties could suggest its use in photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México 07340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Damaris Castro-Monter
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ventura Rodríguez Lugo
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Reyes-Valderrama
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - María Aurora Veloz-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angeles Vázquez-García
- Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Wu Z, Yan Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Realizing Highly Aligned Organic Semiconductors by Solution-Processing Approaches. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200752. [PMID: 35793415 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processing approaches are widely used for controlling the aggregation structure of organic semiconductors because they are fast, efficient, and have strong practicability. Effective regulation of the aggregation structure of molecules to achieve highly ordered molecular stacking is key to realizing effective carrier transport and high-performance devices. Numerous studies have achieved highly aligned organic semiconductors using different solution-processing approaches. This article provides a detailed review of the prevalent solution-processing technologies and emerging methods developed over the past few years for the alignment of organic semiconducting materials. These technologies and methods are classified according to the processing principle. This review focuses on the principles of different experimental techniques, improvements upon the conventional methods, and state-of-the-art performance of resulting devices. In addition, a brief discussion of the characteristics and development prospects of various methods is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongkun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Zhang L, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang T, Liu D, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang Q, Han Y. Improving crystallinity and ordering of PBTTT by inhibiting nematic to smectic phase transition via rapid cooling. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Yen HC, Lin YC, Chen WC. Modulation of the Hydrophilicity on Asymmetric Side Chains of Isoindigo-Based Polymers for Improving Carrier Mobility–Stretchability Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Exploring the effect of the spacer structure in the heterocyclic ring-fused isoindigo-based conjugated polymer on the charge-transporting property. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ochiai Y, Higashihara T. The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on Well-Defined Fluoro-Arylated Polythiophenes for Temperature-Dependent Morphological Transitions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33461-33469. [PMID: 33403308 PMCID: PMC7774253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure and morphological behaviors of well-defined semiconducting polymers is essential for developing novel conjugated building blocks and determining the origin of the functional characteristics of semiconducting polymers. Here, we provide insights into the significant temperature-dependent morphological transitions of novel well-defined polythiophene derivatives with m-alkoxy-substituted fluoro-aryl side units: poly(3-(4-fluoro-3-(hexyloxy)phenyl)thiophene) (PHFPT) and poly(3-(4-fluoro-3-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)thiophene) (PDFPT). We found that these unique morphological transitions depend on the alkyl chain length of the substituted fluoro-aryl side units. In PHFPT with short alkyl chains, the thermal treatment promotes a crowded interdigitated packing structure, resulting in narrow lamellar spacings in its crystalline structure. In contrast, the long alkyl chain of PDFPT acts as a physical spacer and disturbs the crowded interdigitation. In addition, the thermal treatment induces the backbone planarization and an ordered packing morphology in PDFPT. These demonstrations provide a critical milestone for the phase transitions of semiconducting polymers with conjugated side units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ochiai
- Department of Organic Materials
Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials
Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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