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Koh HG, Yook S, Oh H, Rao CV, Jin YS. Toward rapid and efficient utilization of nonconventional substrates by nonconventional yeast strains. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103059. [PMID: 38171048 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Economic and sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals necessitates utilizing abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic biomass. Yet, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a workhorse strain for industrial biotechnology based on starch and sugarcane-derived sugars, is not suitable for lignocellulosic bioconversion due to a lack of pentose metabolic pathways and severe inhibition by toxic inhibitors in cellulosic hydrolysates. This review underscores the potential of nonconventional yeast strains, specifically Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodotorula toruloides, for converting underutilized carbon sources, such as xylose and acetate, into high-value products. Multi-omics studies with nonconventional yeast have elucidated the structure and regulation of metabolic pathways for efficient and rapid utilization of xylose and acetate. The review delves into the advantages of using xylose and acetate for producing biofuels and chemicals. Collectively, value-added biotransformation of nonconventional substrates by nonconventional yeast strains is a promising strategy to improve both economics and sustainability of bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Koh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sangdo Yook
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Oh
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Jin H, Kim S, Lee D, Ledesma-Amaro R, Hahn JS. Efficient production of mycosporine-like amino acids, natural sunscreens, in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:162. [PMID: 37899467 PMCID: PMC10614408 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), including shinorine and porphyra-334, are gaining attention as safe natural sunscreens. The production of MAAs has been achieved in diverse microbial hosts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. While S. cerevisiae is the most extensively studied model yeast, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has emerged as a promising candidate for the synthesis of valuable products. In this study, we explored the potential of Y. lipolytica as a host for producing MAAs, utilizing its advantages such as a robust pentose phosphate pathway flux and versatile carbon source utilization. RESULTS We produced MAAs in Y. lipolytica by introducing the MAA biosynthetic genes from cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme and Anabaena variabilis. These genes include mysA, mysB, and mysC responsible for producing mycosporine-glycine (MG) from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P). The two strains utilize different enzymes, D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homologue (MysD) in N. punctiforme and NRPS-like enzyme (MysE) in A. variabilis, for amino acid conjugation to MG. MysE specifically generated shinorine, a serine conjugate of MG, while MysD exhibited substrate promiscuity, yielding both shinorine and a small amount of porphyra-334, a threonine conjugate of MG. We enhanced MAAs production by selecting mysA, mysB, and mysC from A. variabilis and mysD from N. punctiforme based on their activities. We further improved production by strengthening promoters, increasing gene copies, and introducing the xylose utilization pathway. Co-utilization of xylose with glucose or glycerol increased MAAs production by boosting the S7P pool through the pentose phosphate pathway. Overexpressing GND1 and ZWF1, key genes in the pentose phosphate pathway, further enhanced MAAs production. The highest achieved MAAs level was 249.0 mg/L (207.4 mg/L shinorine and 41.6 mg/L of porphyra-334) in YP medium containing 10 g/L glucose and 10 g/L xylose. CONCLUSIONS Y. lipolytica was successfully engineered to produce MAAs, primarily shinorine. This achievement involved the introduction of MAA biosynthetic genes from cyanobacteria, establishing xylose utilizing pathway, and overexpressing the pentose phosphate pathway genes. These results highlight the potential of Y. lipolytica as a promising yeast chassis strain for MAAs production, notably attributed to its proficient expression of MysE enzyme, which remains non-functional in S. cerevisiae, and versatile utilization of carbon sources like glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Jin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Sook Hahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Tu Z, Zhou L, Wu Y, Wen Z, Li Y, Huang H. Construction of prokaryotic nanocompartment in Yarrowia lipolytica to assist phloroglucinol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12668-0. [PMID: 37417974 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is an important chemical intermediate which has been tentatively produced by engineered bacteria. However, its biosynthesis in industry is limited due to its natural antibacterial activity. Our study firstly selected Yarrowia lipolytica as the chassis strain, which was verified to be tolerable to phloroglucinol. Then the gene of type III polyketone synthase PhlD (the key biosynthetic gene) was overexpressed to facilitate phloroglucinol production with a concentration of 107.4 mg/L. Furthermore, we introduced the prokaryotic nanocompartment to assist the intracellular catalytic activity. The results showed that the concentration of phloroglucinol was increased by about 2.5 times, indicating this multifunctional nanocompartment is orthogonal to the physiological activities of Y. lipolytica. Additionally, fermentations with xylose and lignocellulosic hydrolysates as the carbon source were performed with the engineered Y. lipolytica, resulting in a total concentration of 580.2 mg/L and 328.9 mg/L, respectively. These findings revealed the potential of Y. lipolytica in phloroglucinol production and provided an effective nanocompartment strategy to improve the catalytic activity of the enzyme for boosting phloroglucinol production. KEY POINTS: • The first time to select and use Y. lipolytica to produce phloroglucinol. • Successful construction of prokaryotic nanocompartment in Y. lipolytica to increase production of phloroglucinol. • Lignocellulose hydrolysate is used as a substrate in fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Tu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Sha Y, Zhou L, Wang Z, Ding Y, Lu M, Xu Z, Zhai R, Jin M. Adaptive laboratory evolution boost Yarrowia lipolytica tolerance to vanillic acid. J Biotechnol 2023; 367:42-52. [PMID: 36965629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial tolerance to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors, such as aromatic acids, is critical for the economical production of biofuels and biochemicals. Here, adaptive laboratory evolution was applied to improve the tolerance of Yarrowia lipolytica to a representative aromatic acid inhibitor vanillic acid. The transcriptome profiling of evolved strain suggested that the tolerance could be related to the up-regulation of RNA processing and multidrug transporting pathways. Further analysis by reverse engineering confirmed that the amplification of YALI0_F13475g coding for transcriptional coactivator and YALI0_E25201g coding for multidrug transporter conferred tolerance not only to vanillic acid but also towards ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and syringic acid. These findings suggested that regulation of RNA processing and multidrug transporting pathways may be important for enhanced aromatic acid tolerance in Y. lipolytica. This study provides valuable genetic information for robust strain construction for lignocellulosic biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sha
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zedi Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Biorefinery Research Institution, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Chen S, Lu Y, Wang W, Hu Y, Wang J, Tang S, Lin CSK, Yang X. Efficient production of the β-ionone aroma compound from organic waste hydrolysates using an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960558. [PMID: 36212878 PMCID: PMC9532697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of establishing a natural compound supply chain in a biorefinery. The process starts with the biological or chemical hydrolysis of food and agricultural waste into simple and fermentative sugars, followed by their fermentation into more complex molecules. The yeast strain, Yarrowia lipolytica, was modified by introducing high membrane affinity variants of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase enzyme, PhCCD1, to increase the production of the aroma compound, β-ionone. The initial hydrolysis process converted food waste or sugarcane bagasse into nutrient-rich hydrolysates containing 78.4 g/L glucose and 8.3 g/L fructose, or 34.7 g/L glucose and 20.1 g/L xylose, respectively. During the next step, engineered Y. lipolytica strains were used to produce β-ionone from these feedstocks. The yeast strain YLBI3120, carrying a modified PhCCD1 gene was able to produce 4 g/L of β-ionone with a productivity of 13.9 mg/L/h from food waste hydrolysate. This is the highest yield reported for the fermentation of this compound to date. The integrated process described in this study could be scaled up to achieve economical large-scale conversion of inedible food and agricultural waste into valuable aroma compounds for a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Lu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Technology Research Center, Wuliangye Yibin Company Limited, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Sichuan Yibin Wuliangye Group Company Limited, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunzi Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Sun T, Yu Y, Wang K, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce fuels and chemicals from xylose: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125484. [PMID: 34320765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic biomass has great potential industrial applications due to its economic feasibility and environmental attractiveness. However, the utilized microorganisms must be able to use all the sugars present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, especially xylose, the second most plentiful monosaccharide on earth. Yarrowia lipolytica is a good candidate for producing various valuable products from biomass, but this yeast is unable to catabolize xylose efficiently. The development of metabolic engineering facilitated the application of Y. lipolytica as a platform for the bioconversion of xylose into various value-added products. Here, we reviewed the research progress on natural xylose-utilization pathways and their reconstruction in Y. lipolytica. The progress and emerging trends in metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica for producing chemicals and fuels are further introduced. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as substrate for Y. lipolytica are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Zhou L, Xu Z, Wen Z, Lu M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Jin M. Combined adaptive evolution and transcriptomic profiles reveal aromatic aldehydes tolerance mechanisms in Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124910. [PMID: 33677424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an efficient oleaginous yeast, whereas its activity is typically reduced by inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Understanding the response mechanism of Y. lipolytica to hydrolysate inhibitors and developing inhibitor tolerant strains are vital to lignocellulose valorization by this promising species. In this study, through adaptive laboratory evolution on three representative aromatic aldehyde inhibitors, evolved strains were obtained. Fermentation phenotype suggested that aromatic aldehydes conversion was one main reason for high tolerance of adapted strains. Transcriptome profiling analysis and reverse metabolic engineering confirmed that overexpressing the aldehyde ketone reductase gene YALI0_B07117g and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene YALI0_B01298g effectively converted aromatic aldehyde to corresponding alcohols and acids. The potential degradation pathways for aromatic aldehyde inhibitors in Y. lipolytica XYL+ were then discussed. This study provided insights to the aromatic aldehyde degradation in Y. lipolytica and a reliable basis for the development of aromatic aldehyde tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zedi Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Wang Z, Zhou L, Lu M, Zhang Y, Perveen S, Zhou H, Wen Z, Xu Z, Jin M. Adaptive laboratory evolution of Yarrowia lipolytica improves ferulic acid tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1745-1758. [PMID: 33523248 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica strain is a promising cell factory for the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and bioproducts. Despite the inherent robustness of this strain, further improvements to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors toxicity tolerance of Y. lipolytica are also required to achieve industrial application. Here, adaptive laboratory evolution was employed with increasing concentrations of ferulic acid. The adaptive laboratory evolution experiments led to evolve Y. lipolytica strain yl-XYL + *FA*4 with increased tolerance to ferulic acid as compared to the parental strain. Specifically, the evolved strain could tolerate 1.5 g/L ferulic acid, whereas 0.5 g/L ferulic acid could cause about 90% lethality of the parental strain. Transcriptome analysis of the evolved strain revealed several targets underlying toxicity tolerance enhancements. YALI0_E25201g, YALI0_F05984g, YALI0_B18854g, and YALI0_F16731g were among the highest upregulated genes, and the beneficial contributions of these genes were verified via reverse engineering. Recombinant strains with overexpressing each of these four genes obtained enhanced tolerance to ferulic acid as compared to the control strain. Fortunately, recombinant strains with overexpression of YALI0_E25201g, YALI0_B18854g, and YALI0_F16731g individually also obtained enhanced tolerance to vanillic acid. Overall, this work demonstrated a whole strain improvement cycle by "non-rational" metabolic engineering and presented new targets to modify Y. lipolytica for microbial lignocellulose valorization. KEY POINTS: • Adaptive evolution improved the ferulic acid tolerance of Yarrowia lipolytica • Transcriptome sequence was applied to analyze the ferulic acid tolerate strain • Three genes were demonstrated for both ferulic acid and vanillic acid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedi Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Minrui Lu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Samina Perveen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Zhaoxian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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9
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Fu J, Zhang Z, Ren Q. The Future of Biomass Utilization Technologies Special Issue Editorial. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qilong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jinhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
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