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Ajumobi O, Wang B, Farinmade A, He J, Valla JA, John VT. Design of Nanostraws in Amine-Functionalized MCM-41 for Improved Adsorption Capacity in Carbon Capture. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 37:12079-12088. [PMID: 37609064 PMCID: PMC10441579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric amine encapsulation in high surface area MCM-41 particles for CO2 capture is well established but has the drawback of leaching out the water-soluble polymer upon exposure to aqueous environments. Alternatively, chemical (covalent) grafting amine functional groups from an alkoxysilane such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on MCM-41 offer better stability against this drawback. However, the diffusional restriction exhibited by the narrow uniform MCM-41 pores (2-4 nm) may impede amine functionalization of the available silanol groups within the inner mesoporous core. This leads to incomplete amine functionalization and could reduce the CO2 adsorption capacity in such materials. Our concept to improve access to the MCM-41 interior is based on the incorporation of nanostraws with larger inner diameter (15-30 nm) to create a hierarchical porosity and enhance the molecular transport of APTES. Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are used as tubular straws that are integrated into the MCM-41 matrix using an aerosol-assisted synthesis method. Characterization results show that the intrinsic structure of MCM-41 remains unaltered after the incorporation of the nanostraws and amine functionalization. At an optimal APTES loading of 0.5 g (X = 2.0), the amine-functionalized composite of MCM-41 with straws (APTES/M40H) has a 20% higher adsorption capacity than the amine-modified MCM-41 (APTES/MCM-41) adsorbent. Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption capacity APTES/M40H doubles that of APTES/MCM-41 when normalized based on the composition of MCM-41 in the composite particle with straws. The facile integration of nanostraws in MCM-41 leading to hierarchical porosities could be effective toward the mitigation of diffusional restriction in porous materials with potential for other catalytic and adsorption technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Ajumobi
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Borui Wang
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Azeem Farinmade
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Jibao He
- Coordinated
Instrumentation Facility, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Farinmade A, Ajumobi O, Yu L, Su Y, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Valla JA, John VT. Tubular Clay Nano-Straws in Ordered Mesoporous Particles Create Hierarchical Porosities Leading to Improved CO2 Uptake. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Farinmade
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Oluwole Ajumobi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Yueyun Lou
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Ajumobi O, Su Y, Farinmade A, Yu L, He J, Valla JA, John VT. Integrating Halloysite Nanostraws in Porous Catalyst Supports to Enhance Molecular Transport. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8455-8464. [PMID: 34485846 PMCID: PMC8406414 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In many porous catalyst supports, the accessibility of interior catalytic sites to reactant species could be restricted due to limitations of reactant transport through pores comparable to reactant dimensions. The interplay between reaction and diffusion in porous catalysts is defined through the Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factor, with diffusional restrictions leading to high Thiele moduli, reduced effectivess factors, and a reduction in the observed reaction rate. We demonstrate a method to integrate ceramic nanostraws into the interior of ordered mesoporous silica MCM-41 to mitigate diffusional restrictions. The nanostraws are the natural aluminosilicate tubular clay minerals known as halloysite. Such halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have a lumen diameter of 15-30 nm, which is significantly larger than the 2-4 nm pores of MCM-41, thus facilitating entry and egress of larger molecules to the interior of the pellet. The method of integrating HNT nanostraws into MCM-41 is through a ship-in-a-bottle approach of synthesizing MCM-41 in the confined volume of an aerosol droplet that contains HNT nanotubes. The concept is applied to a system in which microcrystallites of Ni@ZSM-5 are incorporated into MCM-41. Using the liquid phase reduction of nitrophenol as a model reaction catalyzed by Ni@ZSM-5, we show that the insertion of HNT nanostraws into this composite leads to a 50% increase in the effectiveness factor. The process of integrating nanostraws into MCM-41 through the aerosol-assisted approach is a one-step facile method that complements traditional catalyst preparation techniques. The facile and scalable synthesis technique toward the mitigation of diffusional restrictions has implications to catalysis and separation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Ajumobi
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Yang Su
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Azeem Farinmade
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jibao He
- Coordinated
Instrumentation Facility, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Yu L, Gamliel DP, Markunas B, Valla JA. A Promising Solution for Food Waste: Preparing Activated Carbons for Phenol Removal from Water Streams. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8870-8883. [PMID: 33842758 PMCID: PMC8028020 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic chemicals and are widely used in various industrial applications. Therefore, the industrial wastewater streams must be treated to lower the concentration of phenol before discharge. At the same time, food waste has been a major environmental problem globally and the scientific community is eagerly seeking effective management solutions. The objective of this study was to understand the potential of utilizing food waste as a renewable and sustainable resource for the production of activated carbons for the removal of phenol from water streams. The food waste was pyrolyzed and physically activated by steam. The pyrolysis and activation conditions were optimized to obtain activated carbons with high surface area. The activated carbon with the highest surface area, 745 m2 g-1, was derived via activation at 950 °C for 1 h. A detailed characterization of the physicochemical and morphological properties of the activated carbons derived from food waste was performed and a comprehensive adsorption study was conducted to investigate the potential of using the activated carbons for phenol removal from water streams. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of phenol in water were studied and adsorption models were applied to experimental data to interpret the adsorption process. A remarkable phenol adsorption capacity of 568 mg g-1 was achieved. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better over the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to describe the kinetics of adsorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed multiple regions, suggesting that the intraparticle diffusion was not the sole rate-controlling step of adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best model out of Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models to describe the phenol adsorption on activated carbons derived from food waste. This study demonstrated that food waste could be utilized to produce activated carbon and it showed promising capacity on phenol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
| | - David P. Gamliel
- Physical
Sciences Incorporated, 20 New England Business Center Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Brianna Markunas
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4602, United States
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