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Xu Y, Tang L, Nok-iangthong C, Wagner M, Baumann G, Feist F, Bismarck A, Jiang Q. Functionally Gradient Macroporous Polymers: Emulsion Templating Offers Control over Density, Pore Morphology, and Composition. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:5150-5162. [PMID: 38752018 PMCID: PMC11091853 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gradient macroporous polymers were produced by polymerization of emulsion templates comprising a continuous monomer phase and an internal aqueous template phase. To produce macroporous polymers with gradient composition, pore size, and foam density, we varied the template formulation, droplet size, and internal phase ratio of emulsion templates continuously and stacked those prior to polymerization. Using the outlined approach, it is possible to vary one property along the resulting macroporous polymer while retaining the other properties. The elastic moduli and crush strengths change along the gradient of the macroporous polymers; their mechanical properties are dominated by those of the weakest layers in the gradient. Macroporous polymers with gradient chemical composition and thus stiffness provide both high impact load and energy adsorption, rendering the gradient foam suitable for impact protective applications. We show that dual-dispensing and simultaneous blending of two different emulsion formulations in various ratios results in a fine, bidirectional change of the template composition, enabling the production of true gradient macroporous polymers with a high degree of design freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xu
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Le Tang
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chanokporn Nok-iangthong
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wagner
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Baumann
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Feist
- Institute
for Vehicle Safety, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13 VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Qixiang Jiang
- Institute
of Material Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wang M, Huang T, Shan M, Sun M, Liu S, Tang H. Zwitterionic Tröger's Base Microfiltration Membrane Prepared via Vapor-Induced Phase Separation with Improved Demulsification and Antifouling Performance. Molecules 2024; 29:1001. [PMID: 38474513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fouling of separation membranes has consistently been a primary factor contributing to the decline in membrane performance. Enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane proves to be an effective strategy in mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment processes. Zwitterionic polymers (containing an equimolar number of homogeneously distributed anionic and cationic groups on the polymer chains) have been used extensively as one of the best antifouling materials for surface modification. The conventional application of zwitterionic compounds as surface modifiers is intricate and inefficient, adding complexity and length to the membrane preparation process, particularly on an industrial scale. To overcome these limitations, zwitterionic polymer, directly used as a main material, is an effective method. In this work, a novel zwitterionic polymer (TB)-zwitterionic Tröger's base (ZTB)-was synthesized by quaternizing Tröger's base (TB) with 1,3-propane sultone. The obtained ZTB is blended with TB to fabricate microfiltration (MF) membranes via the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process, offering a strategic solution for separating emulsified oily wastewater. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and zeta potential measurements were employed to characterize the surface of ZTB/TB blended membranes, assessing surface morphology, charge, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The impact of varying ZTB levels on membrane surface morphology, hydrophilicity, water flux, and rejection were investigated. The results showed that an increase in ZTB content improved hydrophilicity and surface roughness, consequently enhancing water permeability. Due to the attraction of water vapor, the enrichment of zwitterionic segments was enriched, and a stable hydration layer was formed on the membrane surface. The hydration layer formed by zwitterions endowed the membrane with good antifouling properties. The proposed mechanism elucidates the membrane's proficiency in demulsification and the reduction in irreversible fouling through the synergistic regulation of surface charge and hydrophilicity, facilitated by electrostatic repulsion and the formation of a hydration layer. The ZTB/TB blended membranes demonstrated superior efficiency in oil-water separation, achieving a maximum flux of 1897.63 LMH bar-1 and an oil rejection rate as high as 99% in the oil-water emulsion separation process. This study reveals the migration behavior of the zwitterionic polymer in the membrane during the VIPS process. It enhances our comprehension of the antifouling mechanism of zwitterionic membranes and provides guidance for designing novel materials for antifouling membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Meng Shan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Mei Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hai Tang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Taheri M. Advances in Nanohybrid Membranes for Dye Reduction: A Comprehensive Review. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300052. [PMID: 38223886 PMCID: PMC10784202 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Separating valuable materials such as dyes from wastewater using membranes and returning them to the production line is a desirable environmental and economical procedure. However, sometimes, besides filtration, adsorption, and separation processes, pollutant destruction also can be suitable using photocatalytic membranes. The art of producing nanohybrid materials in contrast with nanocomposites encompasses nanomaterial synthesis as a new product with different properties from raw materials for nanohybrids versus the composition of nanomaterials for nanocomposites. According to the findings of this research, confirming proper synthesis of nanohybrid is one challenge that can be overcome by different analyses, other researchers' reports, and the theoretical assessment of physical or chemical reactions. The application of organic-inorganic nanomaterials and frameworks is another challenge that is discussed in the present work. According to the findings, Nanohybrid Membranes (NHMs) can achieve 100% decolorization, but cannot eliminate salts and dyes, although the removal efficiency is notable for some salts, especially divalent salts. Hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, flux, pressure, costs, usage frequency, and mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities of NHMs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taheri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering DepartmentAmirkabir University of Technology (AUT)Hafez Ave.Tehran15875‐4413Iran
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5
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Facile formation of symmetric microporous PVDF membranes via vapor-induced phase separation of metastable dopes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Yang Y, Guo Z, Li Y, Qing Y, Wang W, Ma Z, You S, Li W. Multifunctional superhydrophobic self-cleaning cotton fabrics with oil-water separation and dye degradation via thiol-ene click reaction. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shami Z, Amininasab SM, Katoorani SA, Gharloghi A, Delbina S. NaOH-Induced Fabrication of a Superhydrophilic and Underwater Superoleophobic Styrene-Acrylate Copolymer Filtration Membrane for Effective Separation of Emulsified Light Oil-Polluted Water Mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12304-12312. [PMID: 34644497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil-polluted water mixtures are difficult to separate, and thus, they are considered as a global challenge. A superior superhydrophilic and low-adhesive underwater superoleophobic styrene-acrylate copolymer filtration membrane is constructed using a salt (NaOH)-induced phase-inversion approach. The as-fabricated filtration membrane provides a hierarchical-structured surface morphology and three-dimensional high density open-rough porous geometry with a special chemical composition including highly accessible hydrophilic -COO- agents, which all are of great importance for long-term usage of immiscible/emulsified (light) oil-polluted wastewater separation. The separation is performed with a high efficiency and a high flux under either a gravity-driven force or a small applied pressure of 0.1 bar. The filtration membrane indicates an excellent anti-fouling property and is easily recycled during multiple cycles. The outstanding performance of the filtration membrane in separating oil-polluted water mixtures and the cost-effective synthetic approach as well as commercially scaled-up initial materials all highlight its potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Shami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Boulevard, Daneshgah Street, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Amininasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Boulevard, Daneshgah Street, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Seyed Adib Katoorani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Boulevard, Daneshgah Street, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Atefeh Gharloghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Boulevard, Daneshgah Street, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Somayeh Delbina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Boulevard, Daneshgah Street, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
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Xu Q, Chen Y, Xiao T, Yang X. A Facile Method to Control Pore Structure of PVDF/SiO 2 Composite Membranes for Efficient Oil/Water Purification. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110803. [PMID: 34832032 PMCID: PMC8619804 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration (MF) membranes to purify oily water has received much attention. However, it is challenging to obtain high-performance PVDF microfiltration membranes due to severe surface fouling and rapid decline of permeability. This study explored a new approach to fabricate high-performance PVDF/silica (SiO2) composite membrane via the use of a polymer solution featuring lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics and the non-solvent thermally induced phase separation method (NTIPS). Coupling with morphological observations, the membrane formation kinetics were analyzed in depth to understand the synergistic effect between the LCST solution properties and fabrication conditions in NTIPS. Utilizing such a synergistic effect, the transition from finger-like macrovoid pores to bi-continuous highly connected pores could be flexibly tuned by increasing the PVDF concentration and the weight ratio of SiO2/PVDF in the dope solution and by raising the coagulation temperature to above the LCST of the solution. The filtration experiments with surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsion showed that the permeation flux of the PVDF/SiO2 composite membranes was higher than 318 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 and the rejection above 99.2%. It was also shown that the PVDF/SiO2 composite membranes, especially those fabricated above the LCST, demonstrated better hydrophilicity, which resulted in significant enhancement in the anti-fouling properties for oil/water emulsion separation. Compared to the benchmark pure PVDF membrane in oily water purification, the optimal composite membrane T70 was demonstrated via the 3-cycle filtration experiments with a significantly improved flux recovery ratio (Frr) and minimal reduced irreversible fouling (Rir). Overall, with the developed method in this work, facile procedure to tune the membrane morphology and pore structure was demonstrated, resulting in high performance composite membranes suitable for oil/water emulsion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.X.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuchao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.X.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tonghu Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.X.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (T.X.); (X.Y.)
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Chae J, Lim T, Cheng H, Jung W. Modification of the Surface Morphology and Properties of Graphene Oxide and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes According to Changes in Non-Solvent Temperature. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092269. [PMID: 34578585 PMCID: PMC8464745 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of changes in non-solvent coagulation bath temperature on surface properties such as morphology and hydrophilicity were investigated in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO)-based polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The properties of pores (size, shape, and number) as well as membrane hydrophilicity were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, water contact angle, and water flux. Results showed that the pore size increased with an increase in coagulation temperature. The hydrophilic functional groups of the added carbon materials increased the solvent and non-solvent diffusion rate, which significantly increased the number of pores by 700% as compared to pure PVDF. Additionally, these functional groups changed the hydrophobic properties of pure PVDF into hydrophilic properties.
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Deng YF, Zhang D, Zhang N, Huang T, Lei YZ, Wang Y. Electrospun stereocomplex polylactide porous fibers toward highly efficient oil/water separation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124787. [PMID: 33373967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The urgent needs for water protection are not only developing the highly efficient wastewater treatment technologies but also designing the eco-friendly materials. In this work, the eco-friendly composite fibers composed of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and maghemite nanoparticles γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were fabricated through electrospinning technology. Through regulating the processing parameters and introducing additional annealing treatment, nanoscale porous structure and the stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) are simultaneously constructed in the composite electrospun fibers. Physicochemical performances measurements exhibited that the fiber membranes had excellent lipophilicity, good mechanical performances, and high hydrolysis resistance, and all of which endowed the fiber membranes with high oil adsorption capacities, and the maximum oil adsorption capacities achieved 148.9 g/g at 23 °C and 114.8 g/g at 60 °C. Further results showed that the fiber membranes had good oil/water separation ability. The gravity-driven oil flux was 6824.4 L/m2h2, and the water rejection ratio was nearly 100% during separating oil/water mixture. Specifically, the fiber membranes showed good stability during the cycling measurements. It is evidently confirmed that the composite PLLA-based fiber membranes with porous structure and SCs can be used in wastewater treatment, especially in some rigorous circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yan-Zhou Lei
- Analytical and Testing Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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