1
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Wen J, Liu Z, Xi H, Huang B. Synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon with high surface area by chemical activation of (NH 4) 2C 2O 4 modified hydrochar for chlorobenzene adsorption. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:123-137. [PMID: 36503742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrothermal technique combined with KOH activation were employed to develop a series of porous carbons (NPCK-x) using tobacco stem as a low-cost carbon source and (NH4)2C2O4 as a novel nitrogen-doping agent. Physicochemical properties of NPCK-x were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman microscope, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the NPCK-x samples possessed large surface areas (maximum: 2875 m2/g), hierarchical porous structures, and high degree of disorder. N-containing functional groups decomposed during activation process, which could be the dominant reason for appearance of abundant mesopores and well-developed pore structure. Dynamic chlorobenzene adsorption experiments demonstrated that carbon materials with (NH4)2C2O4 modification exhibited higher adsorption capacity (maximum: 1053 mg/g) than those without modification (maximum: 723 mg/g). The reusability studies of chlorobenzene indicated that the desorption efficiency of (NH4)2C2O4 modified porous carbon reached 90.40% after thermal desorption at 100°C under N2 atmosphere. Thomas model fitting results exhibited that the existence of mesopores accelerated the diffusion rate of chlorobenzene in porous carbon. Moreover, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to verify that micropores with pore sizes of 1.2-2 nm of the optimized porous carbon were the best adsorption sites for chlorobenzene and mesopores with pore sizes of 2-5 nm were also highly active sites for chlorobenzene adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zewei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hongxia Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bichun Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Gan G, Fan S, Li X, Zhang Z, Hao Z. Adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:96-115. [PMID: 36522017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a crucial kind of pollutants in the environment due to their obvious features of severe toxicity, high volatility, and poor degradability. It is particularly urgent to control the emission of VOCs due to the persistent increase of concentration and the stringent regulations. In China, clear directions and requirements for reduction of VOCs have been given in the "national plan on environmental improvement for the 13th Five-Year Plan period". Therefore, the development of efficient technologies for removal and recovery of VOCs is of great significance. Recovery technologies are favored by researchers due to their advantages in both recycling VOCs and reducing carbon emissions. Among them, adsorption and membrane separation processes have been extensively studied due to their remarkable industrial prospects. This overview was to provide an up-to-date progress of adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of VOCs. Firstly, adsorption and membrane separation were found to be the research hotspots through bibliometric analysis. Then, a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms, factors, and current application statuses was discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field were briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xinyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongshen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Zhengping Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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3
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Wang H, Sun S, Nie L, Zhang Z, Li W, Hao Z. A review of whole-process control of industrial volatile organic compounds in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 123:127-139. [PMID: 36521978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and they have been key issues in current air pollution prevention and control in China. Considerable attention has been paid to industrial activities due to their large and relatively complex VOCs emissions. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review on whole-process control of industrial VOCs, which mainly includes source reduction, collection enhancement and end-pipe treatments. Lower VOCs materials including water-borne ones are the keys to source substitution in industries related to coating and solvent usage, leak detection and repair (LDAR) should be regarded as an efficient means of source reduction in refining, petrochemical and other chemical industries. Several types of VOCs collection methods such as gas-collecting hoods, airtight partitions and others are discussed, and airtight collection at negative pressure yields the best collection efficiency. Current end-pipe treatments like UV oxidation, low-temperature plasma, activated carbon adsorption, combustion, biodegradation, and adsorption-combustion are discussed in detail. Finally, several recommendations are made for future advanced treatment and policy development in industrial VOCs emission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric VOCs Pollution Control and Technology Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shumei Sun
- College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric VOCs Pollution Control and Technology Application, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhongshen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Wenpeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Zhengping Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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4
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Liu J, Li Y, An X, Shen C, Xie Q, Liang D. Activated carbon fiber derived from wasted coal liquefaction residual for CO 2 capture. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114197. [PMID: 36058269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wasted coal liquefaction residual was used to synthesize activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for CO2 capture, and the properties of the developed ACFs were optimized by adjusting the activation conditions, including the reaction temperature and soaking time. The yield, element distribution, pore structure, composition, functional group, morphology, and adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized ACFs were characterized by various apparatuses. In addition, static and dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption capacity of CO2 in flue gas. The results revealed that the synthesized ACFs are mainly composed of carbon, accounting for more than 90% of the total elements. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore width distribution of the prepared ACFs were optimized by changing the activation conditions, and ACFs with a specific surface area higher than 1400 m2/g were successfully developed by activation at 950 for 3 h. The amount of micropores occupied more than 90% of the total pore volume. The pore width distribution dominated by micropores is beneficial for CO2 adsorption since the diameter of CO2 is 0.33 nm. From FTIR and XPS analysis, it is found that the main structure of ACFs is a carbon skeleton composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a small number of oxygen-containing functional groups. The adsorption isotherm of ACFs for CO2 conforms to the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process of CO2 by ACFs can be attributed to monolayer adsorption. Both the specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups have crucial effects on the adsorption capacity of CO2. The dynamic adsorption experiment determined that ACFs-920-3 had the highest adsorption capacity for CO2 in flue gas, and adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 7 min of adsorption. The adsorption process of CO2 in flue gas by the as-synthesized ACFs fits well with the pseudosecond kinetic model. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the obtained ACFs remained unchanged after 10 cycles of adsorption. A high-value-added route for synthesizing ACFs for CO2 capture using CLR as a raw material was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yaping Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoya An
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenyang Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dingcheng Liang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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5
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Wang L, Fan S, Li X, Tadé MO, Liu S. Rational Design of Carbon-Based Porous Aerogels with Nitrogen Defects and Dedicated Interfacial Structures toward Highly Efficient CO 2 Greenhouse Gas Capture and Separation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40184-40194. [PMID: 36385835 PMCID: PMC9647782 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CO2 capture from flowing flue gases through adsorption technology is essential to reduce the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. The rational design of highly efficient carbon-based absorbents with interfacial structures containing interconnected porous structures and abundant adsorption sites might be one of the promising strategies. Here, we report the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon aerogels (NCAs) via prepolymerized phenol-melamine-formaldehyde organic aerogels (PMF) by controlling the addition amount of ZnCl2 and the precursor M/P ratio. It has been revealed that NCAs with a higher specific surface area and interconnected porous structures contain a large amount of pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen. These would act as the intrinsic adsorption sites for highly effective CO2 capture and further improve the CO2/N2 separation efficiencies. Among the prepared samples, NCA-1-2 with a high micropore surface area and high nitrogen content exhibits a high CO2 adsorption capacity (4.30 mmol g-1 at 0 °C and 1 bar) and CO2/N2 selectivity (36.5 at 25 °C, IAST). Under typical flue gas conditions (25 °C and 1.01 bar), equilibrium gas adsorption analysis and dynamic breakthrough measurement associated with a high adsorption capacity of 2.65 mmol g-1 at 25 °C and 1.01 bar and 0.81 mmol g-1 at 25 °C and 0.15 bar. This rationally designed N-doped carbon aerogel with specific interfacial structures and high CO2 adsorption capacity, high selectivity, and adsorption performance remained pretty stable after multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science
& Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiying Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science
& Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinyong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Key Laboratory of Industrial
Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science
& Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Moses O. Tadé
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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6
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Chen J, Yang Y, Zhao S, Bi F, Song L, Liu N, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang X. Stable Black Phosphorus Encapsulation in Porous Mesh-like UiO-66 Promoted Charge Transfer for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene and o-Dichlorobenzene: Performance, Degradation Pathway, and Mechanism. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shenghao Zhao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Fukun Bi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liang Song
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jun Gong Road, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocation & Technical College, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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7
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Gao X, Cao Z, Li C, Liu J, Liu X, Guo L. Activated carbon fiber modified with hyperbranched polyethylenimine and phytic acid for the effective adsorption and separation of In( iii). NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The PA–HPEI–OACF constructed with PA, HPEI, and ACF displays excellent performance in the adsorption and separation of In(iii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Gao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Junshen Liu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Xunyong Liu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
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8
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Shi R, Liu B, Jiang Y, Xu X, Wang H, Zeng Z, Li L. Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Heteroatoms Doped by Electrospinning Exhibit Excellent Acetone and Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Performance: The Contributions of Pore Structure and Functional Groups. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30716-30725. [PMID: 34805699 PMCID: PMC8600650 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rich chemical properties and a well-developed pore structure are the key factors of porous materials for gas storage. Herein, rich heteroatom-doped porous carbon nanofibers (U1K2-X) with a large surface area were prepared by electrospinning followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation. Low-cost urea was chosen as the nitrogen source and structural guiding agent. U1K2-X have a high specific surface area (628-2688 m2 g-1), excellent pore volume (0.468-1.571 cm3 g-1), and abundant nitrogen (2.5-12.8 atom %) and oxygen (4.5-12.5 atom %) contents. Acetone and carbon dioxide were used as target adsorbents to evaluate the adsorption properties of U1K2-X by experiments. These U1K2-X exhibit excellent adsorption performance (260.03-955.74 mg g-1, 25 °C, 18 kPa) and multilayer adsorption (the adsorption layer number n > 2) for acetone, which is mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and pore volume. Besides this, the carbon dioxide uptake reached 2.73-3.34 mmol g-1 at 25 °C. This was attributed to the combination of high nitrogen-oxygen contents and microporous structure. Furthermore, U1K2-X show the desirable repeatability. This study provides a new direction for the preparation of heteroatom-doped porous carbon nanofibers, which will be a promising material for gas adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
- School
of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University
of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baogen Liu
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Li
- School
of Energy Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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Zhang W, Yin J, Wang C, Zhao L, Jian W, Lu K, Lin H, Qiu X, Alshareef HN. Lignin Derived Porous Carbons: Synthesis Methods and Supercapacitor Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100896. [PMID: 34927974 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, one of the renewable constituents in natural plant biomasses, holds great potential as a sustainable source of functional carbon materials. Tremendous research efforts have been made on lignin-derived carbon electrodes for rechargeable batteries. However, lignin is considered as one of the most promising carbon precursors for the development of high-performance, low-cost porous carbon electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Yet, these efforts have not been reviewed in detail in the current literature. This review, therefore, offers a basis for the utilization of lignin as a pivotal precursor for the synthesis of porous carbons for use in supercapacitor electrode applications. Lignin chemistry, the synthesis process of lignin-derived porous carbons, and future directions for developing better porous carbon electrode materials from lignin are systematically reviewed. Technological hurdles and approaches that should be prioritized in future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Jian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haibo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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