Kinetics of Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n-Butane to C4-Olefins over a VOx/CeO2–γAl2O3 Catalyst in Gas-Phase Oxygen-Free Conditions

Kinetics of Oxidative Cracking of n-Hexane to Light Olefins using Lattice Oxygen of a VOx /SrO-γAl2 O3 Catalyst

The kinetics of oxidative cracking of n-hexane to light olefins using the lattice oxygen of VO_x /SrO-γAl₂ O₃ catalysts has been investigated. Kinetic experiments were conducted in a CREC Riser Simulator (CERC: Chemical Reactor Engineering Center), which mimics fluidized bed reactors. The catalyst's performance is partly attributed to the moderate interaction between active VO_x species and the SrO-γAl₂ O₃ support. This moderate interaction serves to control the release of lattice oxygen to curtail deep oxidation. The incorporation of basic SrO component in the support also helped to moderate the catalyst's acidity to checkmate excessive cracking. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was applied to formulate the rate equations. The intrinsic kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data to the kinetic model using a nonlinear regression algorithm at a 95% confidence interval, implemented in MATLAB. n-Hexane transforms to olefins at a specific reaction rate of 1.33 mol/gcat.s and activation energy of 119.2 kJ/mol. These values when compared with other duplets (i. e., ki° and E_A ) for paraffins to olefins, show that indeed olefins are stable products of the oxidative conversion of n-hexane over VO_x /SrO-γAl₂ O₃ under a fluidized bed condition. Values of activation energy for all CO_x formation routes indicate that intermediate paraffins are likely to be cracked to form CH₄ than to be converted directly to CO_x . On the other hand, olefins may transform partly, and directly to CO_x (E₉ =9.65 kJ/mol) than to form CH₄ (E₈ =89.1 kJ/mol) in the presence of excess lattice oxygen. Overall, olefins appear to be stable to deep oxidation due to the role of SrO in controlling the amount of lattice oxygen of the catalyst at the reaction temperature.