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Liu X, Bawane K, Zheng X, Ge M, Halstenberg P, Maltsev DS, Ivanov AS, Dai S, Xiao X, Lee WK, He L, Chen-Wiegart YCK. Temperature-Dependent Morphological Evolution during Corrosion of the Ni-20Cr Alloy in Molten Salt Revealed by Multiscale Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13772-13782. [PMID: 36877214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms leading to the degradation of alloys in molten salts at elevated temperatures is significant for developing several key energy generation and storage technologies, including concentrated solar and next-generation nuclear power plants. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms of different types of corrosion leading to various morphological evolution characteristics for changing reaction conditions between the molten salt and alloy remain unclear. In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) morphological evolution of Ni-20Cr in KCl-MgCl2 is studied at 600 °C by combining in situ synchrotron X-ray and electron microscopy techniques. By further comparing different morphology evolution characteristics in the temperature range of 500-800 °C, the relative rates between diffusion and reaction at the salt-metal interface lead to different morphological evolution pathways, including intergranular corrosion and percolation dealloying. In this work, the temperature-dependent mechanisms of the interactions between metals and molten salts are discussed, providing insights for predicting molten salt corrosion in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kaustubh Bawane
- Advanced Characterization Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Xiaoyin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Phillip Halstenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dmitry S Maltsev
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Wah-Keat Lee
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lingfeng He
- Advanced Characterization Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Sharma S, Ivanov AS, Margulis CJ. A Brief Guide to the Structure of High-Temperature Molten Salts and Key Aspects Making Them Different from Their Low-Temperature Relatives, the Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6359-6372. [PMID: 34048657 PMCID: PMC8279547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature molten salt research is undergoing somewhat of a renaissance these days due to the apparent advantage of these systems in areas related to clean and sustainable energy harvesting and transfer. In many ways, this is a mature field with decades if not already a century of outstanding work devoted to it. Yet, much of this work was done with pioneering experimental and computational setups that lack the current day capabilities of synchrotrons and high-performance-computing systems resulting in deeply entrenched results in the literature that when carefully inspected may require revision. Yet, in other cases, access to isotopically substituted ions make those pioneering studies very unique and prohibitively expensive to carry out nowadays. There are many review articles on molten salts, some of them cited in this perspective, that are simply outstanding and we dare not try to outdo those. Instead, having worked for almost a couple of decades already on their low-temperature relatives, the ionic liquids, this is the perspective article that some of the authors would have wanted to read when embarking on their research journey on high-temperature molten salts. We hope that this will serve as a simple guide to those expanding from research on ionic liquids to molten salts and vice versa, particularly, when looking into their bulk structural features. The article does not aim at being comprehensive but instead focuses on selected topics such as short- and intermediate-range order, the constraints on force field requirements, and other details that make the high- and low-temperature ionic melts in some ways similar but in others diametrically opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Alexander S. Ivanov
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Claudio J. Margulis
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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