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Liu L, Ma H, Khan M, Hsiao BS. Recent Advances and Challenges in Anion Exchange Membranes Development/Application for Water Electrolysis: A Review. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:85. [PMID: 38668113 PMCID: PMC11051812 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have aroused widespread interest in hydrogen production via water electrolysis using renewable energy sources. The two current commercial low-temperature water electrolysis technologies used are alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. The AWE technology exhibited the advantages of high stability and increased cost-effectiveness with low hydrogen production efficiency. In contrast, PEM water electrolysis exhibited high hydrogen efficiency with low stability and cost-effectiveness, respectively. Unfortunately, the major challenges that AEMs, as well as the corresponding ion transportation membranes, including alkaline hydrogen separator and proton exchange membranes, still face are hydrogen production efficiency, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness under working conditions, which exhibited critical issues that need to be addressed as a top priority. This review comprehensively presented research progress on AEMs in recent years, providing a thorough understanding of academic studies and industrial applications. It focused on analyzing the chemical structure of polymers and the performance of AEMs and established the relationship between the structure and efficiency of the membranes. This review aimed to identify approaches for improving AEM ion conductivity and alkaline stability. Additionally, future research directions for the commercialization of anion exchange membranes were discussed based on the analysis and assessment of the current applications of AEMs in patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Madani Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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Wang X, Thomas AM, Lammertink RGH. Dimensionally Stable Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Macromolecular-Cross-Linked Poly(arylene piperidinium) for Water Electrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2593-2605. [PMID: 38175180 PMCID: PMC10797592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with superior ionic conductivity has been greatly hindered due to the inherent "trade-off" between membrane swelling and ionic conductivity. To resolve this dilemma, macromolecular covalently cross-linked C-FPVBC-x AEMs were fabricated by combining partially functionalized ether-bond-free polystyrene (FPVBC) with poly(arylene piperidinium). The results from atomic force microscopy reveal that an increase in the ratio of FPVBC promotes the fabrication of microphase separation morphology, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 40.15 mS cm-1 (30 °C) for the C-FPVBC-1.7 membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations further examine the ionic conduction effect of cross-linked AEMs. Besides, the unique cross-linking structure significantly improves mechanical and alkaline stability. After treatment in 1 M KOH at 50 °C for 1200 h, the C-FPVBC-1.7 membrane shows only a 6.9% decrease in conductivity. The C-FPVBC-1.7 AEM-based water electrolyzer achieves a high current density of 890 mA cm-2 at 2.4 V (80 °C) and maintains good stability, enduring over 100 h at 100 mA cm-2 (50 °C). These results demonstrate the significant potential of macromolecularly cross-linked AEMs for practical applications in water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Wang
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- School
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Angela Mary Thomas
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi
Pasealekua 2, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rob G. H. Lammertink
- Soft
Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Vinodh R, Kalanur SS, Natarajan SK, Pollet BG. Recent Advancements of Polymeric Membranes in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE): A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092144. [PMID: 37177289 PMCID: PMC10181302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy is one of the principal methods for producing green hydrogen (or renewable hydrogen). Among the different electrolysis technologies, the evolving anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) shows the utmost promise for the manufacture of green hydrogen in an inexpensive way. In the present review, we highlight the most current and noteworthy achievements of AEMWE, which include the advancements in increasing the polymer anionic conductivity, understanding the mechanism of degradation of AEM, and the design of the electrocatalyst. The important issues affecting the AEMWE behaviour are highlighted, and future constraints and openings are also discussed. Furthermore, this review provides strategies for producing dynamic and robust AEMWE electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Vinodh
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Shankara Sharanappa Kalanur
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Sadesh Kumar Natarajan
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Green Hydrogen Lab (GH2Lab), Institute for Hydrogen Research (IHR), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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Zhao HF, Yue YT, Fan YL, Wang JX, Li WH, Wei F, Liu M, Yu YH, Lu WT, Zhang G. In-situ Electrochemical Transformed Cu Oxide from Cu Sulfide for Efficient Upgrading of Biomass Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201625. [PMID: 36184569 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical transformation of biomass to high value-added products is attractive. Herein, Cu sulfide-mediated in-situ synthesis of Cu oxide was achieved for efficient electro-oxidation of biomass derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The copper foam-supported Cu sulfide (Cu-S/CF) was in-situ converted to Cu oxide during the electro-oxidation process. The in-situ formed Cu oxide presented high HMF conversion, FDCA yield, and faradaic efficiency in 1 m KOH with HMF concentration up to 100 mm. The oxidation of HMF on Cu oxide started with the formation of high-valence Cu species with the assistance of OH- , which then oxidized HMF spontaneously. An anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer with Cu-S/CF as the anode was assembled to continuously produce FDCA with H2 generation at the cathode. The AEM electrolyzer ran stably for 60 h with FDCA content higher than 85 % at a cell voltage between 1.50 and 1.60 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Fan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wang-Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Xu L, Wang H, Min L, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhang W. Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(aryl piperidinium) Containing Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Side Chains. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luofu Min
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tianjin Mainland Hydrogen Equipment Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301609, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China
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