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Sha R, Dai J, Wang B, Sha J. Improving Pore Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Performances of Near-Net Shape Manufacturing Phenolic Resin Aerogels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1593. [PMID: 38891539 PMCID: PMC11174628 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable high-performance phenolic resin aerogels (PRAs) are of great interest for thermal insulation because of their light weight, fire retardancy and low thermal conductivity. However, the drawbacks of PRA synthesis, such as long processing time, inherent brittleness and significant shrinkage during drying, greatly restrict their wide applications. In this work, PRAs were synthesized at ambient pressure through a near-net shape manufacturing technique, where boron-containing thermosetting phenolic resin (BPR) was introduced into the conventional linear phenolic resin (LPR) to improve the pore characteristics, mechanical properties and thermal performances. Compared with the traditional LPR-synthesized aerogel, the processing time and the linear shrinkage rate during the drying of the PRAs could be significantly reduced, which was attributed to the enhanced rigidity and the unique bimodal pore size distribution. Furthermore, no catastrophic failure and almost no mechanical degradation were observed on the PRAs, even with a compressive strain of up to 60% at temperatures ranging from 25 to 200 °C, indicating low brittleness and excellent thermo-mechanical stability. The PRAs also showed outstanding fire retardancy. On the other hand, the PRAs with a density of 0.194 g/cm3 possessed a high Young's modulus of 12.85 MPa and a low thermal conductivity of 0.038 W/(m·K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (R.S.)
| | - Jixiang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (R.S.)
| | - Bingzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (R.S.)
| | - Jianjun Sha
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Aerospace Vehicles of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (R.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Jin R, Zhou Z, Liu J, Shi B, Zhou N, Wang X, Jia X, Guo D, Xu B. Aerogels for Thermal Protection and Their Application in Aerospace. Gels 2023; 9:606. [PMID: 37623061 PMCID: PMC10453839 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of the world's aerospace industry, countries have put forward higher requirements for thermal protection materials for aerospace vehicles. As a nano porous material with ultra-low thermal conductivity, aerogel has attracted more and more attention in the thermal insulation application of aerospace vehicles. At present, the summary of aerogel used in aerospace thermal protection applications is not comprehensive. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of various types of aerogels for thermal protection (oxide aerogels, organic aerogels, etc.), summarizes the hot issues in the current research of various types of aerogels for thermal protection, and puts forward suggestions for the future development of various aerogels. For oxide aerogels, it is necessary to further increase their use temperature and inhibit the sintering of high-temperature resistant components. For organic aerogels, it is necessary to focus on improving the anti-ablation, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties in long-term aerobic high-temperature environments, and on this basis, find cheap raw materials to reduce costs. For carbon aerogels, it is necessary to further explore the balanced relationship between oxidation resistance, mechanics, and thermal insulation properties of materials. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the further development of more efficient and reliable aerogel materials for aerospace applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Jin
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Spacecrafts, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baolu Shi
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinqiao Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinlei Jia
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baosheng Xu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.J.); (Z.Z.); (B.S.); (N.Z.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (D.G.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Qian Z, Cai H, Wang P, Li L, Zhou X, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Niu B, Long D. Co-Optimizing Insulative and Mechanical Properties of Quartz Fabric Reinforced Phenolic Composites by a Compromising Porous Structure for Thermal Insulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Yuan R, Wang C, Chen L, Cheng H, Bi W, Yan W, Xie Y, Wu C. Mesoporous multi-shelled hollow resin nanospheres with ultralow thermal conductivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12180-12186. [PMID: 36349103 PMCID: PMC9600400 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03659b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow nanostructures exhibit enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces inside and the consequent features of restricting molecular motion, which is crucial for intrinsic physicochemical properties. Herein, we developed a new configuration of hollow nanostructures with more than three layers of shells and simultaneously integrated mesopores on every shell. The novel interior configuration expresses the characteristics of periodic interfaces and abundant mesopores. Benefiting from the suppression of gas molecule convection by boundary scattering, the thermal conductivity of mesoporous multi-shelled hollow resin nanospheres reaches 0.013 W m-1 K-1 at 298 K. The designed interior mesostructural configuration of hollow nanostructures provides an ideal platform to clarify the influence of nanostructure design on intrinsic physicochemical properties and propels the development of hollow nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Han Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wentuan Bi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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Jin H, Zhou X, Gu Y, Dai C, Yun S, Mao P, Guan G, Chen J. Multifunctional Melamine Formaldehyde Composite Foam for High-Temperature Insulation, Flame Retardancy, and Oil–Water Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yawei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chenye Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shan Yun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Ping Mao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Guofeng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
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Ji C, Zhu S, Zhang E, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Su C, Gu Z, Zhang H. Research progress and applications of silica-based aerogels - a bibliometric analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14137-14153. [PMID: 35558845 PMCID: PMC9092642 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica aerogels are three-dimensional porous materials that were initially produced in 1931. During the past nearly 90 years, silica aerogels have been applied extensively in many fields. In order to grasp the progress of silica-based aerogels, we utilize bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the research hotspots and the application of this important field. Firstly, we collect all the publications on silica-based aerogels and then analyze their research trends and performances by a bibliometric method regarding publication year/citation, country/institute, journals, and keywords. Following this, the major research hotspots of this area with a focus on synthesis, mechanical property regulation, and the applications for thermal insulation, adsorption, and Cherenkov detector radiators are identified and reviewed. Finally, current challenges and directions in the future regarding silica-based aerogels are also proposed. Silica aerogels are three-dimensional porous materials that were initially produced in 1931. During the past nearly 90 years, silica aerogels have been applied extensively in many fields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 China .,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Enshuang Zhang
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 P. R. China
| | - Wanlin Zhang
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 P. R. China
| | - Chunjian Su
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China .,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material & Processing Technology Beijing 100074 P. R. China
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Monolithic carbon aerogels within foam framework for high-temperature thermal insulation and organics absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:259-269. [PMID: 35339962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon aerogels exhibit high porosity, good electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity, but their practical applications are greatly hindered by their tedious preparation and inherent structure brittleness. Herein, monolithic carbon aerogels (MCAs) with low density and large size are prepared via a facile sol-gel polymerization of phenolic resin within melamine foam (MF), followed by ambient pressure drying and co-carbonization. During ambient pressure drying process, the MF matrix can deliver supporting force to counteract against the solvent evaporation surface tension, thus inhibiting volume shrinkage and shape deformation. Upon co-carbonization process, the MF matrix and organic aerogel could pyrolyze and shrink cooperatively, which could effectively prevent the brittle fracture of monolith. Therefore, large-sized MCAs (up to 250 × 250 × 20 mm) with low densities of 0.12-0.22 g·cm-3 are obtained. The as-obtained MCAs possess high compressive strength (2.50 MPa), ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.051 W·m-1·K-1 at 25 °C and 0.111 W·m-1·K-1 at 800 °C), and high-volume organic absorption capability (77.3-88.0%, V/V). This facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of large-sized monolithic carbon aerogels with excellent properties could envision enormous potential for high-temperature thermal insulation and organics absorption.
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Chitosan Based Aerogels with Low Shrinkage by Chemical Cross-Linking and Supramolecular Interaction. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020131. [PMID: 35200512 PMCID: PMC8924760 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) aerogel is a new type of functional material that could be possibly applied in the thermal insulation field, especially in energy-saving buildings. However, the inhibition method for the very big shrinkage of CTS aerogels from the final gel to the aerogel is challenging, causing great difficulty in achieving a near-net shape of CTS aerogels. Here, this study explored a facile strategy for restraining CTS-based aerogels’ inherent shrinkage depending on the chemical crosslinking and the interpenetrated supramolecular interaction by introducing nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains. The effects of different aspect ratios of NFC on the CTS-based aerogels were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the optimal aspect ratio for NFC introduction was 37.5 from the comprehensive property perspective. CTS/PVA/NFC hybrid aerogels with the aspect ratio of 37.5 for NFC gained a superior thermal conductivity of 0.0224 W/m·K at ambient atmosphere (the cold surface temperature was only 33.46 °C, despite contacting the hot surface of 80.46 °C), a low density of 0.09 g/cm3, and a relatively high compressive stress of 0.51 MPa at 10% strain.
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He H, Geng L, Liu F, Ma B, Huang W, Qu L, Xu B. Facile preparation of a phenolic aerogel with excellent flexibility for thermal insulation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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