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Dreyhsig GH, Voßnacker P, Kleoff M, Baunis H, Limberg N, Lu M, Schomäcker R, Riedel S. Bichloride-based ionic liquids for the merged storage, processing, and electrolysis of hydrogen chloride. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5353. [PMID: 38569024 PMCID: PMC10990271 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen chloride is produced as a by-product in industrial processes on a million-ton scale. Since HCl is inherently dangerous, its storage and transport are avoided by, e.g., on-site electrolysis providing H2 and Cl2 which usually requires complex cell designs and PFAS-based membranes. Here we report a complementary approach to safely store 0.61 kilogram HCl per kilogram storage material [NEt3Me]Cl forming the bichloride [NEt3Me][Cl(HCl)n]. Although HCl release is possible from this ionic liquid by heat or vacuum, the bichloride can be used directly to produce base chemicals like vinyl chloride. Alternatively, [NEt3Me][Cl(HCl)n] is electrolyzed under anhydrous conditions using a membrane-free cell to generate H2 and the corresponding chlorination agent [NEt3Me][Cl(Cl2)n], enabling the combination of these ionic liquids for the production of base chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa H. Dreyhsig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Voßnacker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Merlin Kleoff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haralds Baunis
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Limberg
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lu
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technische Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technische Chemie, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Baader FJ, Althaus P, Bardow A, Dahmen M. Demand response for flat nonlinear MIMO processes using dynamic ramping constraints. Comput Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Flexibility of Epichlorohydrin Production—Increasing Profitability by Demand Response for Electricity and Balancing Market. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing share of variable renewable energies in the power grid is an incentive to explore demand response strategies. Chlor-alkali processes are high potential candidates, according to previous publications. Within Germany’s chemical industry, chlorine production accounts for approximately 20% of electricity use and could play a significant role in power grid stabilisation on the consumer end. This study focuses on the feasibility of load flexibilisation in epichlorohydrin plants, with the second biggest estimated demand response potential for chlorine-based products in Germany. A plant model with allyl chloride storage was created based on real data and literature values. Results from this model, spot market and balancing power prices, and future electricity market scenarios were used in a mixed-integer linear optimisation. We find that benefits from demand response can be generated as soon as additional power and storage volume is provided. The composition of provided types of balancing power bids follows the price trend on the market. Additionally, the computation time could be lowered significantly by running the scenarios in parallel. The results encourage a practical validation of the flexibility of epichlorohydrin production.
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Hofmann M, Müller R, Christidis A, Fischer P, Klaucke F, Vomberg S, Tsatsaronis G. Flexible and economical operation of chlor‐alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hofmann
- Institute for Energy Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institute for Energy Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Christidis
- Institute for Energy Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Franziska Klaucke
- Institute for Energy Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - George Tsatsaronis
- Institute for Energy Engineering Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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