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Improving Fuel Properties and Hydrocarbon Content from Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Red Mud Pellets in Two-Stage Reactor: Optimization of Reaction Time and Catalyst Content. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic upgrading of vapors from pyrolysis of triglycerides materials is a promising approach to achieve better conversions of hydrocarbons and production of liquid biofuels. Catalytic cracking often shows incomplete conversion due to distillation of initial reaction products and the addition of a second catalytic reactor, whereas pyrolytic vapors are made in contact to a solid catalyst was applied to improve the physical-chemical properties and quality of bio-oil. This work investigated the effect of catalyst content and reaction time by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, refractive index, and acid value), and chemical composition of organic liquid products (OLP), over a catalyst fixed bed reactor, in semi pilot scale. Pellets of red mud chemically activated with 1.0 M HCl were used as catalysts. The thermal catalytic cracking of residual fat show OLP yields from 54.4 to 84.88 (wt.%), aqueous phase yields between 2.21 and 2.80 (wt.%), solid phase yields (coke) between 1.30 and 8.60 (wt.%), and gas yields from 11.61 to 34.22 (wt.%). The yields of OLP increases with catalyst content while those of aqueous, gaseous and solid phase decreases. For all experiments, the density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value of OLP decreases with reaction time. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. In addition, the hydrocarbon content in OLP increases with reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area.). The best results for the physicochemical properties and the maximum hydrocarbon content in OLP were obtained at 450 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a catalyst fixed bed reactor, with 5.0% (wt.) red mud pellets activated with 1.0 M HCl as catalyst.
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Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li X, Xia H, Wang F. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Nonedible Oils for the Production of Renewable Aromatics Using Metal-Modified HZSM-5 Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18953-18968. [PMID: 35694510 PMCID: PMC9178952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis of triglycerides to aromatics over zeolites is an advanced technology for a high value-added utilization of renewable biomass resources. Therefore, in this research, the catalytic performance of M/HZSM-5 catalysts (M = Zn, Ga, In, Ni, and Mo) during the pyrolysis process of glycerol trioleate and the effect of the compositional difference of several woody oils and waste oils on aromatic formation were investigated. Results revealed that Zn/HZSM-5 with appropriate acidity and metal sites reached the maximum aromatics yield (56.13%) and significantly enhanced the catalytic stability. In addition, these renewable nonedible oils were effectively converted to aromatics over the Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst, the aromatic yield of jatropha oil reached up to 50.33%, and the unsaturation and double bond number of feedstocks were crucial for the production of aromatics. The utilization of biomass resources to produce high value-added aromatics can alleviate the problems caused by the shortage of fossil resources and achieve sustainable green development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haian Xia
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass,
Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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