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Huang X, Wang X, Wang Q, Xu X, Zhao S. Promoting Cross-Link Reaction of Polymers by the Matrix-Filler Interface Effect: Role of Coupling Agents and Intermediate Linkers. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5534-5541. [PMID: 38785140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The matrix-filler interface effect plays an important role in determining the structural stability and mechanical properties of polymer composite materials, which remain ambiguous and need to be studied. The network-forming dynamics of poly(3,3-bis (azidomethyl) oxetane-tetrahydrofuran) (PBT) at the ammonium perchlorate (AP) surface was studied by using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, considering the additives of curing agent toluene diisocyanate (TDI), cross-linker trimethylolpropane (TMP), and coupling agent triethanolamine (TEA). The presence of the AP surface promotes chain cross-link reaction, which is attributed to the increased production of intermediate linkers formed by TDI, TMP, and TEA. The intermediate linker has three reactive sites that can react with PBT main chains to form a cross-linked structure. Owing to the strong interaction with the AP surface, the coupling agent TEA plays a dominant role in forming the intermediate linker. At the early stage of network forming (reaction ratio r < 30%), the AP surface adsorbs TEA, which leads to a maximum contact density to PBT. As r increases to 60%, the density of intermediate linkers near the AP surface reaches a maximum value. Consequently, the chain cross-link reactions between the intermediate linker and PBT main chains are enhanced as r > 60%. This work explains the micromechanism of the promotion of chain cross-link reaction by the interface effect and provides important insights on designing polymer materials with high mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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2
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Wang J, Cao P, Wang X. Review of the Mechanical Properties and Numerical Simulation of Composite Solid Propellants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6875. [PMID: 37959472 PMCID: PMC10649938 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the constitutive relationship and the damage failure mechanism of solid propellants is of significance for improving the safety, storage period and use efficiency of solid rocket motors. This paper focuses on the complex mechanical response behavior of composite solid propellants under loads and introduces experimental research on quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties. Limited by the accuracy of instruments and testing methods, the research progress of macroscopic constitutive models, mesoscopic mechanical models and microscopic molecular models is summarized from the perspective of numerical simulations based on model scale and modeling methods. This paper tracks the historical progress of key models and summarizes the main achievements and prospects in this field. The research in this paper has high scientific and theoretical significance and engineering application value. It can provide an important reference and guidance for the structural optimization and performance improvement of solid propellants and lay a solid foundation for the development of solid rocket motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Wang
- The 41st Institute of the Fourth Research Academy of CASC, Xi’an 710025, China;
| | - Peng Cao
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
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3
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Touidjine S, Boulkadid MK, Trache D, Belkhiri S, Akbi H, Abdessamed A. Investigation of the curing kinetics of polyurethane/nitrocellulose blends through FT‐IR measurements. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Touidjine
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique Algiers Algeria
| | - Moulai Karim Boulkadid
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique Algiers Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique Algiers Algeria
| | - Samir Belkhiri
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique Algiers Algeria
| | - Hamdane Akbi
- UER Physicochimie des Matériaux Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, EMP Algiers Algeria
| | - Anes Abdessamed
- UER Physicochimie des Matériaux Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, EMP Algiers Algeria
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4
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Touidjine S, Boulkadid KM, Trache D, Belkhiri S, Mezroua A. Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Nitrocellulose Blends as Binder for Composite Solid Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Touidjine
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj-El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Karim Moulai Boulkadid
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj-El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Djalal Trache
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj-El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Samir Belkhiri
- Energetic Propulsion Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj-El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Mezroua
- Energetic Materials Laboratory Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj-El-Bahri 16046 Algiers Algeria
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5
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Ma S, Chen P, Xu J, Chen G, Min W, Xiong X. Directional Control of the Mechanical Properties of a Resin-Cross-Linking System: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guanzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weixing Min
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuhai Xiong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Matrix Composites, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
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Wang Y, Rong H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Luo W, Liu Y, Yao W, Tian Y. Influences of Bu‐NENA and BDNPA/F Plasticizers on the Properties of Binder for High‐Energy NEPE Propellants. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Rong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- Research Institute Liaoning Qingyang Special Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Liaoyang 111002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Weishang Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
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Curing Behaviors of Alkynyl-Terminated Copolyether with Glycidyl Azide Polymer in Energetic Plasticizers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051199. [PMID: 32466122 PMCID: PMC7284753 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkynyl-terminated polyethylene oxide−tetrahydrofuran (ATPET) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) could be linked through click-chemistry between the alkynyl and azide, and the product may serve a binder for solid propellants. The effects of the energetic plasticizers A3 [1:1 mixture of bis-(2,2-dinitropropy) acetal (BDNPA) and bis-(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal(BDNPN)] and Bu-NENA [N-butyl-N-(2nitroxyethyl) nitramine] on the curing reaction between ATPET and GAP have been studied. A diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR) approach has been used to monitor the change in the diffusion coefficient of cross-linked polytriazole polyethylene oxide−tetrahydrofuran (PTPET). The change in the diffusion coefficient of PTPET with A3 plasticizer is significantly higher than that of PTPET with Bu-NENA. Viscosity analysis further highlighted the difference between A3 and Bu-NENA in the curing process—the curing curve of PTPET (A3) with time can be divided into two stages, with an inflection point being observed on the fourth day. For PTPET (Bu-NENA), in contrast, only one stage is seen. The above methods, together with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, revealed distinct effects of A3 and Bu-NENA on the curing process of PTPET. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that Bu-NENA has little effect on the valence oxidation of copper in the catalyst. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that Bu-NENA helps to improve the thermal stability of the catalyst. After analysis of several possible factors by means of XPS, modeling with Material Studio and TG, the formation of molecular cages between Bu-NENA and copper is considered to be the reason for the above differences. In this article, GAP (Mn = 4000 g/mol) was used to replace GAP (Mn = 427 g/mol) to successfully synthesize the PTPET elastomer with Bu-NENA plasticizer. Mechanical data measured for the PTPET (Bu-NENA) sample included ε = 34.26 ± 2.98%, and σ = 0.198 ± 0.015 MPa.
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8
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Synthesis of antibacterial polyurethane film and its properties. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer widely used in the biomedical field with excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. However, it usually exhibits poor antibacterial properties for practical applications. Efforts are needed to improve the antibacterial activities of PU films for broader application prospect and added application values. In the present work, two PU films, TDI-P(E-co-T) and TDI-N-100-P(E-co-T), were prepared. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were composited into the TDI-N-100-P(E-co-T) film for better mechanical properties and antibacterial activities, and resultant PU/AgNPs composite film was systematically characterized and studied. The as-prepared PU/AgNPs composite film exhibits much better antibacterial properties than the traditional PU membrane, exhibiting broader application prospect.
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Wen X, Zhang G, Chen K, Yuan S, Luo Y. Enhancing the Performance of an HTPE Binder by Adding a Novel Hyperbranched Multi‐Arm Azide Copolyether. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Wen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Guangpu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Keke Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shen Yuan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density MaterialsBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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10
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Ghermezcheshme H, Makki H, Mohseni M, Ebrahimi M, de With G. MARTINI-based simulation method for step-growth polymerization and its analysis by size exclusion characterization: a case study of cross-linked polyurethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21603-21614. [PMID: 31544200 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulation studies of step-growth polymerization, e.g., polymerization of polyurethane systems, hold great promise due to having complete control over the reaction conditions and being able to perform an in-depth analysis of network structures. In this work, we developed a (completely automated) simulation method based on a coarse-grained (CG) methodology, i.e., the MARTINI model, to study the cross-linking reaction of a diol, a tri-isocyanate molecule and one-hydroxyl functional molecule to form a polyurethane network without and with dangling chains. This method is capable of simulating the cross-linking reactions not only up to very high conversions, but also under rather complicated reaction conditions, i.e., a non-stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, solvent evaporation and multi-step addition of the reactants. We introduced a novel network analysis, similar to size-exclusion chromatography based on graph theory, to study the growth of the network during the polymerization process. By combining the reaction simulations with these analysis methods, a set of correlations between the reaction conditions, reaction mechanisms and final network structure and properties is revealed. For instance, a two-step addition of materials for the reaction, i.e., first the dangling chain to the tri-isocyanate and then the diol, leads to the highest integrated network structure. We observed that different reaction conditions lead to different glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the network due to the distinct differences in the final network structures obtained. For example, by addition of dangling chains to the network, the Tg decreases as compared to the network without dangling chains, as also is commonly observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghermezcheshme
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mohseni
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Ebrahimi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Qi C, Tang G, Guo X, Liu C, Pang A, Gan L, Huang J. Network regulation and properties optimization of glycidyl azide polymer‐based materials as a candidate of solid propellant binder via alternating the functionality of propargyl‐terminated polyether. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Gen Tang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power LaboratoryHuibei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology Xiangyang 441003 China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power LaboratoryHuibei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology Xiangyang 441003 China
| | - Changhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Application Technology for 3D PrintingChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 China
| | - Ai‐min Pang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power LaboratoryHuibei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology Xiangyang 441003 China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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12
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Ou Y, Sun Y, Jiao Q. Properties related to linear and branched network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe correlation between properties and the network structure of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes (PUs) was studied through linear and branched structure polymer matrixes formed by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and an aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agent (N100). The curing reactions were monitored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscosity build-up. The swelling capacity of PUs decreased with the increase of crosslink density with a stable solubility parameter according to the equilibrium swelling test. Tensile properties of PUs cured by TDI and N100 in different stoichiometric ratios of NCO/OH groups were tested. Both breaking elongation and tensile strength were remarkably improved by N100. The thermal decomposition processes of HTPB/TDI and HTPB/N100 indicated that a branched structure has higher depolymerization temperature, and hence, improved thermal stability. In addition, PU with a branched network prevented the migration of the plasticizer during isothermal accelerated aging due to the higher crosslink density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yalun Sun
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Guseva DV, Rudyak VY, Komarov PV, Sulimov AV, Bulgakov BA, Chertovich AV. Crosslinking mechanisms, structure and glass transition in phthalonitrile resins: Insight from computer multiscale simulations and experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Victorovna Guseva
- Faculty of Physics; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-2; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Pavel Vyacheslavovich Komarov
- Department of General Physics; Tver State University, Sadovyj per., 35; Tver 170002 Russia
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 28; Moscow 119991 Russia
| | | | - Boris Anatolievich Bulgakov
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie Gory, 1-11; Moscow 119991 Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3; Moscow 119991 Russia
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