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Kim SJ, Kwon Y, Kim D, Park H, Cho YH, Nam SE, Park YI. A Review on Polymer Precursors of Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes for Olefin/Paraffin Separation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:482. [PMID: 34209477 PMCID: PMC8304072 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes have been developed to replace or support energy-intensive cryogenic distillation for olefin/paraffin separation. Olefin and paraffin have similar molecular properties, but can be separated effectively by a CMS membrane with a rigid, slit-like pore structure. A variety of polymer precursors can give rise to different outcomes in terms of the structure and performance of CMS membranes. Herein, for olefin/paraffin separation, the CMS membranes derived from a number of polymer precursors (such as polyimides, phenolic resin, and polymers of intrinsic microporosity, PIM) are introduced, and olefin/paraffin separation properties of those membranes are summarized. The effects from incorporation of inorganic materials into polymer precursors and from a pyrolysis process on the properties of CMS membranes are also reviewed. Finally, the prospects and future directions of CMS membranes for olefin/paraffin separation and aging issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joong Kim
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
| | - YongSung Kwon
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - DaeHun Kim
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hosik Park
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
| | - Young Hoon Cho
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
| | - Seung-Eun Nam
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
| | - You-In Park
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (S.-J.K.); (Y.K.); (D.K.); (H.P.); (Y.H.C.); (S.-E.N.)
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Preparation of MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts via New Surfactants Emulsion for Propylene Polymerization. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization prepared via an in situ emulsion technique with new surfactants. The effect of preparation conditions such as the TiCl4/toluene molar ratio, TiCl4-contacting temperature, amount of phthaloyl dichloride, stirring rate, mixing time of TiCl4/toluene with the Mg complex, and the n-butyl chloride loading was investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer measurements showed that the catalyst particles exhibit a perfectly spherical shape, narrow particle size distribution, and low fine powder content. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry indicated that the Ti, Mg, and Cl elements were evenly distributed throughout the particles. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements indicated the presence of δ-MgCl2 in the catalyst, and FTIR and GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of in situ formed di(ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Bulk polymerization of propylene using the catalyst was studied, and it was found that the catalyst displayed high activity, high bulk density with high stereospecificity, and excellent hydrogen sensitivity. The polymer produced by the catalyst has a narrow particle size distribution with a low fine powder content.
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Xie K, Zhu B, Huang A, Zhang W, Xu J, Liu P. Propylene polymerization using TiCln(OR)(4–n) catalysts: Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xue B, Hui L, Yang H, Zhao Y, Hou L, Li W. Immobilization of Ziegler–Natta Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization on Macropores SiO2 with an Open-Framework Structure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Department
of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350100, Fujian P.R. China
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Lei Hui
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Huaqin Yang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Yulai Zhao
- Department
of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350100, Fujian P.R. China
| | - Linxi Hou
- Department
of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350100, Fujian P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang P.R. China
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