1
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Salah C, Cobo S, Pérez-Ramírez J, Guillén-Gosálbez G. Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Hydrogen from Waste Polymers. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:3238-3247. [PMID: 36874195 PMCID: PMC9976282 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rising demand for single-use polymers calls for alternative waste treatment pathways to ensure a circular economy. Here, we explore hydrogen production from waste polymer gasification (wPG) to reduce the environmental impacts of plastic incineration and landfilling while generating a valuable product. We assess the carbon footprint of 13 H2 production routes and their environmental sustainability relative to the planetary boundaries (PBs) defined for seven Earth-system processes, covering H2 from waste polymers (wP; polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene), and a set of benchmark technologies including H2 from natural gas, biomass, and water splitting. Our results show that wPG coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) could reduce the climate change impact of fossil-based and most electrolytic routes. Moreover, due to the high price of wP, wPG would be more expensive than its fossil- and biomass-based analogs but cheaper than the electrolytic routes. The absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) revealed that all pathways would transgress at least one downscaled PB, yet a portfolio was identified where the current global H2 demand could be met without transgressing any of the studied PBs, which indicates that H2 from plastics could play a role until chemical recycling technologies reach a sufficient maturity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Salah
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Selene Cobo
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Motte J, Mahmoud M, Nieder-Heitmann M, Vleeming H, Thybaut JW, Poissonnier J, Alvarenga RAF, Nachtergaele P, Dewulf J. Environmental Performance Assessment of a Novel Process Concept for Propanol Production from Widely Available and Wasted Methane Sources. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:11071-11079. [PMID: 35941850 PMCID: PMC9354509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Currently, propanol
production highly depends on conventional fossil
resources. Therefore, an alternative production process, denoted as
“C123”, is proposed and evaluated in which underutilized
and methane-rich feedstocks such as biogas (scenario BG), marginal
gas (scenario MG), and associated gas (scenario AG) are converted
into propanol. A first modular-scale process concept was constructed
in Aspen Plus, based on experimental data and know-how of the C123
consortium partners. The environmental performance of the considered
scenarios was compared at the life cycle level by calculating key
performance indicators (KPIs), such as the global warming burden.
The results showed that scenario BG is the least dependent on fossil
fuels for energy use. Scenario AG seems the most promising one based
on almost all selected KPIs when taking into account the avoided gas
flaring emissions. The performance of the C123 process concept could
be improved by applying heat integration in the process concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Motte
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Process Design Center (PDC), Paardeweide 7, NL-4824 EH Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hank Vleeming
- Process Design Center (PDC), Paardeweide 7, NL-4824 EH Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joris W. Thybaut
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Poissonnier
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Nachtergaele
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo Dewulf
- Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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3
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Yang Y, Song R, Fan X, Liu Y, Kong N, Lin H, Li Y. A mechanistic study of selective propane dehydrogenations on MoS2 supported single Fe atoms. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Chen YH, Hsieh W, Chang H, Ho CD. Design and economic analysis of industrial-scale methanol-to-olefins plants. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Techno-Economic Analysis of a Process to Convert Methane to Olefins, Featuring a Combined Reformer via the Methanol Intermediate Product. HYDROGEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial growth in shale-derived natural gas production in the US has caused significant changes in the chemical and petrochemical markets. Ethylene production of ethane and naphtha via steam cracking is one of the most energy- and emission-intensive activities in chemical manufacturing. High operating temperatures, high reaction endothermicity, and complex separation create high energy demands as well as considerable CO2 emissions. In this study, a demonstration of a transformational methane-to-ethylene process that offers lower emissions using energy optimization and a CO2 minimum-emission approach is presented. The comparisons of different reforming processes suggest that the dry reforming of methane has a negative carbon footprint at low syngas ratios of 1 and below, and that additional carbon emissions can be reduced using integrated heating and cooling utilities, resulting in a 99.24 percent decrease in CO2. A process design implemented to convert methane into value-added chemicals with minimum CO2 emissions is developed.
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6
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Optimal design of ethylene and propylene coproduction plants with generalized disjunctive programming and state equipment network models. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Baratsas SG, Niziolek AM, Onel O, Matthews LR, Floudas CA, Hallermann DR, Sorescu SM, Pistikopoulos EN. A framework to predict the price of energy for the end-users with applications to monetary and energy policies. Nat Commun 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 33398000 PMCID: PMC7782726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy affects every single individual and entity in the world. Therefore, it is crucial to precisely quantify the “price of energy” and study how it evolves through time, through major political and social events, and through changes in energy and monetary policies. Here, we develop a predictive framework, an index to calculate the average price of energy in the United States. The complex energy landscape is thoroughly analysed to accurately determine the two key factors of this framework: the total demand of the energy products directed to the end-use sectors, and the corresponding price of each product. A rolling horizon predictive methodology is introduced to estimate future energy demands, with excellent predictive capability, shown over a period of 174 months. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by addressing two policy questions of significant public interest. Global energy transformation requires quantifying the "price of energy" and studying its evolution. Here the authors present a predictive framework that calculates the average US price of energy, estimating future energy demands for up to four years with excellent accuracy, designing and optimizing energy and monetary policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos G Baratsas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alexander M Niziolek
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Onur Onel
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Logan R Matthews
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christodoulos A Floudas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Detlef R Hallermann
- Department of Finance, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sorin M Sorescu
- Department of Finance, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Efstratios N Pistikopoulos
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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8
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Pedrozo H, Rodriguez Reartes S, Chen Q, Diaz M, Grossmann I. Surrogate-model based MILP for the optimal design of ethylene production from shale gas. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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10
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Zhao D, Wang X, Miller JB, Huber GW. The Chemistry and Kinetics of Polyethylene Pyrolysis: A Process to Produce Fuels and Chemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1764-1774. [PMID: 31917892 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The annual global production of plastics reached 335 million metric tons in 2016. Most waste plastics are landfilled or enter the natural environment in an uncontrolled manner. Pyrolysis can convert waste plastics, such as polyethylene (PE), to smaller hydrocarbons that can be used as fuels or chemicals. In this work, pyrolysis of PE was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and in a fluidized-bed reactor. A kinetic model based on two parallel first-order random-scission steps was developed on the basis of the TGA results. PE was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed reactor over the temperature range of 500-600 °C and at residence times of 12.4-20.4 s. The yield of gas-phase products increased from 8.2 to 56.8 wt %, and the yield of liquid-phase products decreased from 81.2 to 28.5 wt % as the temperature increased from 500 to 600 °C. Detailed analysis of the gas- and liquid-phase products revealed their potential as precursors for production of fuels and chemicals. Gas-phase products included hydrogen, C1 -C4 paraffins, C2 -C4 olefins, and 1,3-butadiene. The major liquid-phase products were mono-olefins and cycloalkanes/alkadienes with smaller amounts of n-paraffins, isoparaffins, and aromatics. The carbon-number distribution of the fluidized-bed pyrolysis products suggested contributions of nonrandom reactions of random-scission fragments at low conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - James B Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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11
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Design and Performance Comparison of Methanol Production Processes with Carbon Dioxide Utilization. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12224322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide recycling is one of the possible contributions to CO2 mitigation and provides an opportunity to use a low-cost carbon source. Methanol is a commodity chemical that serves as an important basic chemical and energy feedstock with growing demand. For each of the four types of industrial methanol production processes from natural gas (methane), i.e., steam reforming (SR), autothermal reforming (ATR), combined reforming (CR), and two-step reforming (TSR), CO2 utilization cases of (A) no utilization, (B) as reforming step feedstock, and (C) as methanol synthesis step feedstock were designed based on common industrial operation conditions and analyzed for energy consumption, exergy loss (EXloss), net CO2 reduction (NCR) and internal rate of return (IRR). The utilization of CO2 can reduce energy consumption. The processes with the lowest and the highest EXloss are SR and ATR, respectively. All SR processes give negative NCR. All the B-type processes are positive in NCR except B-SR. The highest NCR is obtained from the B-ATR process with a value of 0.23 kg CO2/kg methanol. All the processes are profitable with positive IRR results and the highest IRR of 41% can be obtained from B-ATR. The utilization of CO2 in the industrial methanol process can realize substantial carbon reduction and is beneficial to process economics.
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12
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Ruan X, Xiao H, Jiang X, Yan X, Dai Y, He G. Graphic synthesis method for multi-technique integration separation sequences of multi-input refinery gases. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Transportation and solar-aided utilization of CO2: Technoeconomic analysis of spanning routes of CO2 conversion to solar fuels. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Technoeconomic Perspective on Natural Gas Liquids and Methanol as Potential Feedstocks for Producing Olefins. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Tso WW, Niziolek AM, Onel O, Demirhan CD, Floudas CA, Pistikopoulos EN. Reprint of: Enhancing natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) processes through chemical looping for syngas production: Process synthesis and global optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Matthews LR, Guzman YA, Onel O, Niziolek AM, Floudas CA. Natural Gas to Liquid Transportation Fuels under Uncertainty Using Robust Optimization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Logan R. Matthews
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yannis A. Guzman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Onur Onel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexander M. Niziolek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christodoulos A. Floudas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Tso WW, Niziolek AM, Onel O, Demirhan CD, Floudas CA, Pistikopoulos EN. Enhancing natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) processes through chemical looping for syngas production: Process synthesis and global optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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González-Castaño A, Bandoni JA, Diaz MS. Toward Economically and Environmentally Optimal Operations in Natural Gas Based Petrochemical Sites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Castaño
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI) CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur. Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca (8000), Argentina
| | - J. Alberto Bandoni
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI) CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur. Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca (8000), Argentina
| | - M. Soledad Diaz
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI) CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Sur. Camino La Carrindanga km 7, Bahía Blanca (8000), Argentina
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He C, Pan M, Zhang B, Chen Q, You F, Ren J. Monetizing shale gas to polymers under mixed uncertainty: Stochastic modeling and likelihood analysis. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Center for Petrochemical Energy Conservation; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai 519082 China
| | - Ming Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Center for Petrochemical Energy Conservation; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai 519082 China
| | - Bingjian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Center for Petrochemical Energy Conservation; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai 519082 China
| | - Qinglin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Guangdong Engineering Center for Petrochemical Energy Conservation; Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai 519082 China
| | - Fengqi You
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Jingzheng Ren
- Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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Al-Sobhi SA, Shaik MA, Elkamel A, Erenay FS. Integrating Simulation in Optimal Synthesis and Design of Natural Gas Upstream Processing Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad A. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N3L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Munawar A. Shaik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi− 110016, India
| | - Ali Elkamel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N3L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fatih S. Erenay
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N3L 3G1, Canada
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Onel O, Niziolek AM, Butcher H, Wilhite BA, Floudas CA. Multi-scale approaches for gas-to-liquids process intensification: CFD modeling, process synthesis, and global optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Niziolek AM, Onel O, Floudas CA. Municipal solid waste to liquid transportation fuels, olefins, and aromatics: Process synthesis and deterministic global optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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