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Shi E, Li J, Yang M, Ma S, Han J, Li B, Yang C, Luo H, Liu W. Research Status and Challenges of Mechanism, Characterization, Performance Evaluation, and Type of Nano-Pour Point Depressants in Waxy Crude Oil. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35256-35274. [PMID: 39184475 PMCID: PMC11339835 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Nano-Pour point depressants have great potential to improve the low-temperature fluidity of waxy crude oil. This Review reviews the recent research progress of nano-pour point depressants in the field of crude oil pour point reduction. The effect and mechanism of nanocomposite pour point depressants are analyzed; the preparation, modification, and microstructure characterization of nanocomposite pour point depressants are introduced; the three main types of nano-pour point depressants, namely, silicon-based, carbon-based, and magnetic metal-based, are introduced; the results of the current research are outlined; and the challenges of the current research and possible directions of future research are also pointed out. The in-depth analysis of nano-pour point depressants and their potential to improve the low-temperature fluidity of waxy crude oil are reviewed in order to thoroughly analyze the mechanism of nano-pour point depressants and to prepare nano-pour point depressants that are more suitable for reducing crude oil coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erxiu Shi
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Jiapei Li
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Manping Yang
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Shihui Ma
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Jiang Han
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Bingfan Li
- School
of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
- Gas
Storage Ground Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Technology
Inspection Center of Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China
| | - Haijun Luo
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Guangdong University
of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Huanqing
Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Branch, Jiuquan, Gansu 735202, China
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2
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López D, Ríos AA, Marín JD, Zabala RD, Rincon JA, Lopera SH, Franco CA, Cortés FB. SiO 2-Based Nanofluids for the Inhibition of Wax Precipitation in Production Pipelines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33289-33298. [PMID: 37744863 PMCID: PMC10515383 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Wax deposition in high-wax (waxy) crude oil has been an important challenge in the oil and gas industry due to the repercussions in flow assurance during oil extraction and transportation. However, the nanotechnology has emerged as a potential solution for the optimization of conventional wax removal and/or inhibition processes due to its exceptional performance in the alteration of wax morphology and co-crystallization behavior. In this sense, this study aims to study the performance of two commercial wax inhibitor treatments (WT1 and WT2) on the wax formation and crystallization due to the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments and cold finger tests were carried out to study the effect of the WT on wax appearance temperature (WAT) and the wax inhibition efficiency (WIE) in a scenario with an initial temperature difference. In the first stage, the behavior of both WT in the inhibition of wax deposition was achieved, ranging in the concentration of the WT in the waxy crude (WC) oil from 5000 to 50,000 mg·L-1. Then, NanoWT was prepared by the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles on WT1 and WT2 for concentrations between 1000 and 500 mg·L-1, and the performance of the prepared NanoWT was studied at the best concentration of WIT in the absence of nanoparticles. Finally, the role of the nanofluid concentration in wax inhibition was accomplished for the best NanoWT. Selected NanoWT with nanoparticle dosage of 100 mg·L-1 added to WC oil at 5000 mg·L-1 displays reductions in WAT and WIE of 15.3 and 71.6 for NanoWT1 and -2.2 and 42.5% for NanoWT2. In flow loop experiments for the crude oil at temperatures above (30 °C) and below (16 °C), the WAT value indicates an increase of 8.3 times the pressure drops when the crude oil is flowing at a temperature below the WAT value. Therefore, when NanoWT1 is added to the crude oil, a reduction of 31.8% was found in the pressure drop in comparison with the scenario below the WAT value, ensuring the flow assurance in the pipeline in an unfavorable environment. Based on the pressure-drop method, a reduction greater than 5% in the wax deposit thickness confirms the wax deposition inhibitory character of the designed NanoWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel López
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael
Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - As A. Ríos
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael
Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Marín
- Departamento
de Ingeniería, Gerencia de Desarrollo y Producción,
Vicepresidencia Piedemonte, Ecopetrol SA
CPF Floreña, Yopal, Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Richard D. Zabala
- Departamento
de Tecnologías de Producción, Gerencia Centro Técnico
de Desarrollo, Gerencia General de Desarrollo, Ecopetrol S.A, Bogotá 1021, Colombia
| | - Jaime A. Rincon
- Centro
de Innovación y Tecnología ECOPETROL ICP, Km 7 via Piedecuesta, Bogota 1021, Colombia
| | - Sergio H. Lopera
- Grupo
de Investigación en Yacimientos de Hidrocarburos, Departamento
de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Camilo A. Franco
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael
Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Farid B. Cortés
- Grupo
de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael
Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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3
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Al-Shboul T, Sagala F, Nassar NN. Role of surfactants, polymers, nanoparticles, and its combination in inhibition of wax deposition and precipitation: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 315:102904. [PMID: 37084545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Oil wax deposition and precipitation are becoming a major problem during oil production, transportation, and refining. Deposition mitigation by chemical additives, like polymer and surfactants, are commonly used in the oil industry. Because there is no clarity in wax inhibition mechanisms of the additive with crude type and conditions, chemical wax inhibitors are still used in a trial-and-error manner in the oil fields, which is an expensive and inefficient methodology. Understanding the wax inhibition mechanism is important for the design of new inhibitors. This review aims to give an overview of the understanding and development of nanoparticle technology, surfactants, polymer, and their combination in the inhibition of wax deposition. The review looks into lab and pilot plant experiments reported in the recent literature, with more focus on the fundamentals of nanohybridization approaches in wax deposition control, testing methodologies (i.e., thermal, rheological, and morphological analysis), inhibition performance assessment, and mechanisms. The review begins with an overview of bibliometric analysis to shed light on the emerging areas in that field and also explore and analyze the large volumes of scientific data reported from 2000 to 2022 in this field. The performance parameters used for assessing the wax inhibitors in the laboratory are also summarized and addressed. Finally, the challenges and future remarks of the reported chemical inhibitors are reported in this paper. This review provides insights into the integration of nanomaterials into the existing technologies to overcome the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al-Shboul
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farad Sagala
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nashaat N Nassar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Zou Y, Zheng H, Luo X, Tang J. Study on the influence of polar groups in pour point depressant on flow properties of Karamay crude oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2182315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Sichuan Coal Industry Group Limited Liability Company, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowen Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhua Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Elkatory MR, Soliman EA, El Nemr A, Hassaan MA, Ragab S, El-Nemr MA, Pantaleo A. Mitigation and Remediation Technologies of Waxy Crude Oils’ Deposition within Transportation Pipelines: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163231. [PMID: 36015488 PMCID: PMC9413815 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of wax is considered one of the most significant culprits in transporting petroleum crude oils, particularly at low temperatures. When lowering pressure and temperature during the flow of crude oil, the micelle structure of the crude oil is destabilized, allowing oil viscosity to increase and precipitating paraffin (wax) in the well tubulars and pipeline, which increase the complexity of this culprit. These deposited substances can lead to the plugging of production and flow lines, causing a decline in oil production and, subsequently, bulk economic risks for the oil companies. Hence, various approaches have been commercially employed to prevent or remediate wax deposition. However, further research is still going on to develop more efficient techniques. These techniques can be categorized into chemical, physical, and biological ones and hybridized or combined techniques that apply one or more of these techniques. This review focused on all these technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa R. Elkatory
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Emad A. Soliman
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hassaan
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Antonio Pantaleo
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari University, 70121 Bari, Italy
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6
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Ning X, Song X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Feng Y. Insights into Flow Improving for Waxy Crude Oil Doped with EVA/SiO 2 Nanohybrids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5853-5863. [PMID: 35224346 PMCID: PMC8867590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanohybrid materials can significantly inhibit wax deposition and improve the fluidity of crude oil. However, the mechanisms behind wax resolving, crystal modification, and flow improving are still unclear owing to the complexity of crude oil. Here, we compared the effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and nanohybrids composed of EVA and SiO2 nanoparticles on wax crystallization and rheological behavior of Shengli waxy oil. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that SiO2 nanoparticles boost the efficiency of EVA for reducing the wax appearance temperature of waxy crude oil. Thermo X-ray diffraction characterization demonstrates that EVA/SiO2 nanohybrids cut down the crystal index of waxes, with the grain size of crystal cells decreased in (006) and (200) but increased in (110) cross sections. Polarized optical microscopy imaging reveals that EVA can modify the morphology of wax crystals to suppress the formation of wax gel, and nanohybrids serve as nucleuses to adsorb asphaltenes and resins, restraining the appearance of wax crystals. The rheological test shows that nanohybrids outperform EVA in decreasing the viscosity, inflection point, and yield stress of waxy crude oil. These findings help the understanding of flow improving by nanohybrid materials and offer guidelines for designing the new generation of wax inhibitors for safe transportation and flow assurance of waxy crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Ning
- Polymer
Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Polymer
Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Shengli
Oilfield Shengli Chemicals Co., Ltd., Dongying 257055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shengli
Oilfield Shengli Chemicals Co., Ltd., Dongying 257055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer
Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Maleki A, Hosseini-Dastgerdi Z, Rashidi A. Effect of nanoparticle modified polyacrylamide on wax deposition, crystallization and flow behavior of light and heavy crude oils. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2010567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Maleki
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alimorad Rashidi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
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8
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Vakili S, Mohammadi S, Mirzaei Derazi A, Mahmoudi Alemi F, Hayatizadeh N, Ghanbarpour O, Rashidi F. Effect of metal oxide nanoparticles on wax formation, morphology, and rheological behavior in crude oil: An experimental study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Gelation of waxy crude oil system with ethylene-vinyl acetate on solid surface: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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A mechanistic study toward the effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on asphaltene precipitation and aggregation in unstable crude oil. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Zhang J, Yu H, Liang Y, Sun Z, Liu Y, Jing G. Influence of EVA/nano-sepiolite on the wax crystal and rheological property of Daqing crude oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1727749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Hailin Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Liang
- PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical Research Center, Daqing, China
| | - Zhengnan Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Guolin Jing
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
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12
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Characterization of the wax precipitation in Iranian crude oil based on wax appearance temperature (WAT): The influence of ultrasonic waves. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Zhu H, Li C, Fan Y, Guo P, Yang F, Sun G, Yao B, Xia Z. A novel heterogeneous wax deposit structure triggered by polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) wax inhibitors. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1645027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanxian Li
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Fan
- Xi’an Changqing Technology Engineering Co. Ltd. , Xi’an , Shanxi , People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- PetroChina Oil & Gas Pipeline Control Center , Beijing , People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yao
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao , Shandong , People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Xi’an Changqing Technology Engineering Co. Ltd. , Xi’an , Shanxi , People’s Republic of China
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14
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Ruwoldt J, Subramanian S, Simon S, Oschmann H, Sjöblom J. Asphaltene fractionation based on adsorption onto calcium carbonate: Part 3. Effect of asphaltenes on wax crystallization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ivchenko PV, Nifant’ev IE. Polymer Depressor Additives: Synthesis, Microstructure, Efficiency. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Tu Z, Jing G, Sun Z, Zhen Z, Li W. Effect of nanocomposite of attapulgite/EVA on flow behavior and wax crystallization of model oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1394197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Tu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Guolin Jing
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhengnan Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
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17
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Sun Z, Jing G, Tu Z. Effect of modified nano-silica/EVA on flow behavior and wax crystallization of model oils with different wax contents. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1295869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Sun
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Guolin Jing
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
| | - Ziyi Tu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China
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