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Thermal Stabilities and Flame Retardancy of Polyamide 66 Prepared by In Situ Loading of Amino-Functionalized Polyphosphazene Microspheres. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010218. [PMID: 36616567 PMCID: PMC9823371 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The flame-retardant polyamide 66 composites (FR-PA66) were prepared by in situ loading of amino-functionalized polyphosphazene microspheres (HCNP), which were synthesized in the laboratory and confirmed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thermal stabilities and flame retardancy of FR-PA66 were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a thermogravimetric infrared instrument (TG-IR), the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the horizontal and vertical combustion method (UL-94), and a cone calorimeter. The results illustrate that the volatile matter of FR-PA66 mainly contains carbon dioxide, methane4, and water vapor under heating, accompanied by the char residue raising to 14.1 wt% at 600 °C and the value of the LOI and UL-94 rating reaching 30% and V-0, respectively. Moreover, the addition of HCNP decreases the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), mass loss (ML), and total smoke release (TSR) of FR-PA66 to 373.7 kW/m2, 106.7 MJ/m2, 92.5 wt%, and 944.8 m2/m2, respectively, verifying a significant improvement in the flame retardancy of PA66.
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2
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Han LX, Zhao ZY, Deng C, Wang YZ. Piperazine/Alkene-Containing Phosphoramide Oligomer for the Intumescent Flame Retardation of EPDM Rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.
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4
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Yang S, Zhang B, Liu M, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen D, Wang B, Tang G, Liu X. Fire performance of piperazine phytate modified rigid polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Mengru Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Depeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
- Nanjing Gongda Kaiyuan Environmental Protection Technology (Chuzhou) Co., Ltd. Chuzhou China
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5
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Phosphorus-containing organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for the smoke suppression and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Dong H, Yuan B, Qi C, Li K, Shang S, Sun Y, Chen G, Zhang H, Chen X. Preparation of piperazine cyanurate by hydrogen‐bonding self‐assembly reaction and its application in intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral ResourcesWuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Congrui Qi
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Sheng Shang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yaru Sun
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Gongqing Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral ResourcesWuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- School of Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency ManagementWuhan University of Technology Wuhan China
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7
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Lv X, Fan H, Zeng W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Lei Z. Novel nanocomposites based on epoxy resin and modified magnesium hydroxide: Focus on flame retardancy and mechanical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
| | - Hui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
| | - Zhiwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University 967 Anning Road Lanzhou Gansu 730070 PR China
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8
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Chen R, Dai S, Guo T, Tang H, Fan Y, Zhou H. Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Shensong Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Tong Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
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9
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A novel flame retardant derived from DOPO and piperazine and its application in epoxy resin: Flame retardance, thermal stability and pyrolysis behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Hu Z, Xu S, Zhao H, Wang Y. Metal‐phenolic networks: A biobased synergist for EVA/APP composites toward enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zai‐Yin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shimei Xu
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Hai‐Bo Zhao
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame‐Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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11
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Gao YY, Deng C, Du YY, Huang SC, Wang YZ. A novel bio-based flame retardant for polypropylene from phytic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Zhu ZM, Rao WH, Kang AH, Liao W, Wang YZ. Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Li YM, Deng C, Long JW, Huang SC, Zhao ZY, Wang YZ. Improving fire retardancy of ceramifiable polyolefin system via a hybrid of zinc borate@melamine cyanurate. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Yu G, Liu Y, Li J. Preparation of urea formaldehyde microsphere and its effect on flame retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo 315201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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15
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Liao DJ, Xu QK, McCabe RW, Babu HV, Hu XP, Pan N, Wang DY, Hull TR. Ferrocene-Based Nonphosphorus Copolymer: Synthesis, High-Charring Mechanism, and Its Application in Fire Retardant Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dui-Jun Liao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Kui Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - Richard W. McCabe
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | | | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Ning Pan
- Fundamental
Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials
Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Richard Hull
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
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16
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Capitalizing on the molybdenum disulfide/graphene synergy to produce mechanical enhanced flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate composites with low aluminum hydroxide loading. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Yang AH, Deng C, Chen H, Wei YX, Wang YZ. A novel Schiff-base polyphosphate ester: Highly-efficient flame retardant for polyurethane elastomer. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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