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Kim DH, Cha J, Woo Park G, Soo Kang I, Lee E, Hoon Jung Y, Min K. Biotechnological valorization of levulinic acid as a non-sugar feedstock: New paradigm in biorefineries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131178. [PMID: 39084536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Due to the severe climate crisis, biorefineries have been highlighted as replacements for fossil fuel-derived refineries. In traditional sugar-based biorefineries, levulinic acid (LA) is a byproduct. Nonetheless, in 2002, the US Department of Energy noted that LA is a significant building block obtained from biomass, and the biorefinery paradigm has shifted from being sugar-based to non-sugar-based. Accordingly, LA is of interest in this review since it can be converted into useful precursors and ultimately can broaden the product spectrum toward more valuable products (e.g., fuels, plastics, and pharmaceuticals), thereby enabling the construction of economically viable biorefineries. This study comprehensively reviews LA production techniques utilizing various bioresources. Recent progress in enzymatic and microbial routes for LA valorization and the LA-derived product spectrum and its versatility are discussed. Finally, challenges and future outlooks for LA-based non-sugar biorefineries are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyuongpook National University, Daegu 41556, Republic of Korea; School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaehyun Cha
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Soo Kang
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyuongpook National University, Daegu 41556, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungseon Min
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zou M, Mao T, Li M, Mu Y, Pan L, Zheng C. Kinetic model of microwave-induced quaternarization using dimensional analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Amesho KTT, Cheng PC, Chang KL, Peng YP, Jhang SR, Lin YC. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvents/dimethyl sulfoxide system for efficient valorization of sugar bagasse waste into platform chemicals: A biorefinery approach for circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127969. [PMID: 36122844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) such as sugar bagasse waste in biorefineries is the most cost-effective and favourable sustainable approach to producing essential platform chemicals, materials, and energy environmentally benignly. Herein, a microwave-mediated deep eutectic solvents (DESs)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) system for efficiently processing LB waste into platform chemicals was proposed thereof. Under optimized appropriate diverse parameters such as solvent varieties, catalyst dosage, DMSO addition, reaction time and temperature, the proposed catalytic system (i.e., microwave mediated DESs/DMSO system) has demonstrated significant yields of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural (FF) and levulinic acid (LevA) of 31.29 %, 28.38 % and 35.65 %, respectively. These favourable results were obtained at the reaction temperature of 140 °C for 40 min. The anticipated catalytic system's activation energy (Ea) was found to be 29.11 kJ/mol. Hence, a practical, inexpensive and sustainable process with the potential of high-value platform chemicals, explicitly for a sustainable strategy in a circular bioeconomy was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Syu-Ruei Jhang
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, 23 Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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4
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Nair LG, Agrawal K, Verma P. An insight into the principles of lignocellulosic biomass-based zero-waste biorefineries: a green leap towards imperishable energy-based future. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:288-338. [PMID: 35670485 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an energy source that has a huge impact in today's world. The depletion of fossil fuels, increased pollution, climatic changes, etc. have led the public and private sectors to move towards sustainability i.e. using LCB for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds. A major bottleneck of the process is the recalcitrant nature of LCB. This can be overcome by using various pretreatment strategies like physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, etc. Further, the pretreated biomass is made to undergo various steps like hydrolysis, saccharification, etc. for the conversion of value-added products and the remaining waste residues can be further utilized for the synthesis of secondary products thus favouring the zero-waste biorefinery concept. Currently, microorganisms are being explored for their use in biorefinery but the unavailability of commercial strains is a major limitation. Thus, the use of metagenomics can be used to overcome the limitation which is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The review deliberates the composition of LCBs, and their recalcitrance nature, followed by the structural changes caused by various pretreatment methods. The further steps in biorefineries, strategies for the development of zero-waste refineries, bottlenecks, and suggestions are also discussed. Special emphasis is given to the use of metagenomics for the discovery of microorganisms efficient for zero-waste biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana G Nair
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
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5
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Qiao Y, Yang W, Wang X, Jiao L, Yang Y, Wang S, Bian H, Dai H. Phosphomolybdic acid-catalyzed oxidation of waste starch: a new strategy for handling the OCC pulping wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39702-39711. [PMID: 35106726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When old corrugated cardboard (OCC) is returned to the paper mill for repulping and reuse, the starch, which is added to the paper surface as a reinforcement agent, is dissolved into the pulping wastewater. Most of the OCC pulping wastewater is recycled to save precious water resources; however, during the water recycling process, the accumulation of dissolved starch stimulates microbial reproduction, which causes poor water quality and putrid odor. This problem seriously affects the stability of the papermaking process and product quality. In this study, phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40, abbreviated as PMo12) was utilized to catalyze the waste starch present in papermaking wastewater to monosaccharides, realizing the resource utilization of waste starch. The results showed that the optimized yield of total reducing sugar (78.68 wt%) and glycolic acid (12.83 wt%) was achieved at 145 °C with 30 wt% PMo12 at pH 2, which is equivalent to 91.51 wt% starch recovered from wastewater for resource utilization. In addition, the regeneration of the reduced PMo12 was realized by applying a potential of 1 V for 2 h. Overall, this study has theoretical significance and potential application value for resource utilization of waste starch in OCC pulping process and cleaner management of OCC waste paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Qiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weisheng Yang
- Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry, Nanjing, 211135, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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6
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Kustov LM, Kustov AL, Salmi T. Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Carbohydrates. Molecules 2022; 27:1472. [PMID: 35268573 PMCID: PMC8911892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into value-added products and platform chemicals became a trend in recent years. Microwave activation used in the processes of carbohydrate conversion coupled with the proper choice of catalysts makes it possible to enhance dramatically the efficiency and sometimes the selectivity of catalysts. This mini-review presents a brief literature survey related to state-of-the-art methods developed recently by the world research community to solve the problem of rational conversion of carbohydrates, mostly produced from natural resources and wastes (forestry and agriculture wastes) including production of hydrogen, synthesis gas, furanics, and alcohols. The focus is made on microwave technologies used for processing carbohydrates. Of particular interest is the use of heterogeneous catalysts and hybrid materials in processing carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid M. Kustov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Bldg. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Kustov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Bldg. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, 3 Tuomiokirkontori, FI-20500 Turku, Finland;
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7
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Kustov LM, Kustov AL, Salmi T. Processing of lignocellulosic polymer wastes using microwave irradiation. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Tian Y, Zhang F, Wang J, Cao L, Han Q. A review on solid acid catalysis for sustainable production of levulinic acid and levulinate esters from biomass derivatives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125977. [PMID: 34852443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is a kind of renewable and abundant resource that can be seen as an important candidate to solve the energy crisis. Levulinic acid (LA) and levulinate esters (LEs) have been widely researched as biomass-based platform compounds. In recent years, efficient, green, and environment-friendly solid acid catalysts have been developed for the fast production and resolution of the problems, such as low yield, high equipmental requirements, and difficulty in product separation, in the preparation of LA and LE from biomass. In this paper, the preparation routes of LA and LEs from various raw materials are introduced, and the solid acid catalysts involved in their production are emphatically reviewed. The challenges and prospects in LA and LE production from biomass are proposed to achieve a more economical and energy efficient process with the concept of sustainable development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jieni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Leichang Cao
- Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
| | - Qiuxia Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China; Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
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9
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Different Reactivity of Raw Starch from Diverse Potato Genotypes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010226. [PMID: 33466224 PMCID: PMC7795658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato starch is one of the most important renewable sources for industrial manufacturing of organic compounds. Currently, it is produced from mixed potato varieties that often are harvested from different fields. Meanwhile, tuber starches of various potato breeds differ in their crystallinity, granule morphology, and other physical and chemical parameters. We studied the reactions of raw potato starches of different origins to chemical and biochemical reactions typically used for industrial starch modification. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the reactivity of the starches of different potato genotypes. While the main products of the transformations are the same, their preparative yields differ significantly. Thus, tuber starch of certain potato varieties may be more suitable for specific industrial purposes. Starch reactivity may potentially be a phenotypical trait for potato breeding to obtain potato starches for various industrial applications.
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10
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Qiao Y, Wang X, Dai H. Experimental and kinetic study of the conversion of waste starch into glycolic acid over phosphomolybdic acid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30961-30970. [PMID: 35498931 PMCID: PMC9041357 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05890h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The starch used to enhance the paper surface dissolves in water during the production process and forms pollutants that accumulate in water when old corrugated cardboard (OCC) is returned to a paper mill for pulping and reuse. At present, anaerobic fermentation is widely used in the paper industry to treat starch-containing wastewater, producing biogas energy, or oxidative decomposition, which is a huge waste of valuable starch resources. Phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) is a highly selective catalyst for the oxidation of carbohydrates; therefore, PMo12 can be envisaged as a suitable catalyst to convert waste starch into glycolic acid, an important high added-value chemical. In this paper, the catalytic oxidation technology of PMo12 was explored to produce glycolic acid from starch contained in OCC papermaking wastewater, and the kinetics and influencing factors of the catalytic oxidation reaction were studied. The results indicated that the PMo12-catalyzed oxidation of starch followed a first-order reaction; the reaction rate constant increased with increasing the temperature, the apparent activation energy of starch to monosaccharide was 104.7 kJ mol−1, the apparent activation energies of starch and monosaccharide to humins were 126.5 and 140.5 kJ mol−1, and the apparent activation energy of monosaccharide to glycolic acid was 117.2 kJ mol−1. The yields of monosaccharide and glycolic acid were 80.7 wt% and 12.9 wt%, respectively, and the utilization of starch resources was about 90.0 wt% under the following reaction conditions: temperature, 145 °C; reaction time, 120 min; pH, 2. Therefore, the feasibility of the PMo12-catalyzed oxidation of starch to produce high value-added glycolic acid is demonstrated, which has theoretical guiding significance and potential application value for the clean production and resource utilization of waste starch in the OCC papermaking process. The starch in old corrugated cardboard (OCC) wastewater is catalyzed and oxidized to produce high value-added glycolic acid, which has potential application value for the clean production and resource utilization of waste starch in the OCC papermaking process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Qiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
| | - Xiu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
| | - Hongqi Dai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, 210037
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11
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Chen Y, Peng L, Zhang J, He L. Synergy of Al2(SO4)3 and H3PO4 in co-solvents converts starch to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. CATAL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.105947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Signoretto M, Taghavi S, Ghedini E, Menegazzo F. Catalytic Production of Levulinic Acid (LA) from Actual Biomass. Molecules 2019; 24:E2760. [PMID: 31366018 PMCID: PMC6696262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of actual biomass to valuable chemicals is a crucial issue in green chemistry. This review discusses on the recent approach in the levulinic acid (LA) formation from three prominent generations of biomasses. Our paper highlights the impact of the nature of different types of biomass and their complex structure and impurities, different groups of catalyst, solvents, and reaction system, and condition and all related pros and cons for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Signoretto
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Somayeh Taghavi
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Ghedini
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Federica Menegazzo
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
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13
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Mukherjee A, Dumont MJ, Cherestes A. Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Starch Through an Environmentally-Friendly Synthesis Pathway. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Concept of rice husk biorefining for levulinic acid production integrating three steps: Multi-response optimization, new perceptions and limitations. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Chen SS, Wang L, Yu IKM, Tsang DCW, Hunt AJ, Jérôme F, Zhang S, Ok YS, Poon CS. Valorization of lignocellulosic fibres of paper waste into levulinic acid using solid and aqueous Brønsted acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:387-394. [PMID: 28957771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to produce levulinic acid (LA) from paper towel waste in environment-friendly and economically feasible conditions, and evaluate the difference using solid and aqueous Brønsted acids. Direct dehydration of glucose to LA required sufficiently strong Brønsted acidity, where Amberlyst 36 demonstrated rapid production of approximately 30Cmol% of LA in 20min. However, the maximum yield of LA was limited by mass transfer. In contrast, the yield of LA gradually increased to over 40Cmol% in 1M H2SO4 at 150°C in 60min. The SEM images revealed the conversion in dilute acids under microwave at 150°C resulting in swelling structures of cellulose, which were similar to the pre-treatment process with concentrated acids. Further increase in reaction temperature to 200°C significantly shortened the reaction time from 60 to 2.5min, which saved the energy cost as revealed in preliminary cost analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iris K M Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, CNRS/Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat 1, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Mika LT, Cséfalvay E, Németh Á. Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2017; 118:505-613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László T. Mika
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Edit Cséfalvay
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Áron Németh
- Department
of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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17
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New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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