1
|
Akfas F, Elghali A, Aboulaich A, Munoz M, Benzaazoua M, Bodinier JL. Exploring the potential reuse of phosphogypsum: A waste or a resource? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168196. [PMID: 37924873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. These impurities can restrict the reuse of phosphogypsum as a secondary primary resource. Consequently, large quantities of produced PG are stored in surface stockpiles that occupy extensive land areas and may pose a significant risk of ecological contamination to the surroundings. Researchers have shown growing interest in addressing the worldwide accumulation of this waste material. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of phosphogypsum, it is crucial to explore its properties (e.g., chemistry, mineralogy, radioactivity), and how it interacts with the surrounding environment, enabling well-informed decisions decision regarding its management and its valorization. In this review, we will i) explore the chemical, radiological and mineralogical characteristics of PG; ii) discuss the environmental concerns related to land discharge and sea disposal; and iii) examine the latest advancements in various valorization techniques developed including agriculture, REE extraction, environmental application, chemical and thermal transformation, and also construction sector. Outlining their limitations and challenges restrict in the global variability of phosphogypsum (PG), technical and economic limitations, and the potential for secondary pollution in select valorization approaches. This requires a thorough assessment and comparison with conventional disposal alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akfas
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Elghali
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmaula Aboulaich
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Manuel Munoz
- Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Jean-Louis Bodinier
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv X, Xiang L. The Generation Process, Impurity Removal and High-Value Utilization of Phosphogypsum Material. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3021. [PMID: 36080057 PMCID: PMC9458055 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As phosphogypsum constitutes a large amount of solid waste material, its purification treatment and comprehensive utilization have close connection with economic development and ecological environmental protection. For the moment, the storage quantity of phosphogypsum is still rising as a result of the increasing phosphate fertilizer production to meet the food demand in China. This paper summarizes the generation process, impurity removal treatment (physical method, chemical method, heat method), high-value utilization (nanometer calcium sulfate whisker, nanometer calcium carbonate) of phosphogypsum material and some existing problems. It puts forward some views on the challenges in this field and the direction of future development. It is hoped that the investigation and summary in this paper could supply some significant information for the impurity removal and high-value utilization of phosphogypsum material as a contribution to sustainability.
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Meng Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Xiao D. Nano-LiFePO 4/C Derived from Gaseous-Oxidation Engineering-Synthesized Amorphous Mesoporous nano-FePO 4 for High-Rate Li-Ion Batteries. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology (INELT), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Direct mineral carbonation (MC) is used to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This method has the great advantages of reducing the amount of industrial residues and creating valuable materials by incorporating CO2. Waste gypsum, industrial waste including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (25.27–53.40 wt% of CaO), and phosphogypsum (30.50–39.06 wt% of CaO) can be used for direct MC (conversion rate up to 96%). Mineral carbonation converts waste gypsum into calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which can be recycled during desulfurization. Furthermore, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), which is used as a fertilizer, can be prepared as a by-product when the carbonation reaction is performed using ammonia (NH3) as a base. In this study, recent progress in the carbonation kinetics and preparation of CaCO3 using FGD gypsum and phosphogypsum with NH3 was investigated. Temperature, CO2 partial pressure, CO2 flow rate, and NH3 concentration were reviewed as factors affecting carbonation kinetics and efficiency. The factors influencing the polymorphs of the prepared CaCO3 were also reviewed and summarized. A state-of-the-art bench-scale plant study was also proposed. In addition, economic feasibility was investigated based on a bench-scale study to analyze the future applicability of this technology.
Collapse
|
5
|
Low-Carbon Sustainable Composites from Waste Phosphogypsum and Their Environmental Impacts. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial waste from the production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer. Disposal and landfill of PG pose significant environmental problems due to its hazardous components. Although many researchers have explored the possibility of PG recycling, challenges still exist before it can be high-effectively reused. In particular, a great deal of recent attention has been attracted to explore using PG as raw material to manufacture sustainable composites. The impurities movement, recycling efficiency, and environmental impacts have to be further investigated. This review article summarized the state of the art of the purification process, application areas, and the environmental impacts of PG waste. The main challenges and potential application approaches were discussed. This article is focused on reviewing the details of the PG reusing which benefits the readers on learning the knowledge from previous efforts. The main challenges of reusing PG were discussed from the chemical, physical, and materials perspectives.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Jin H, Li J, Dou G, Ji Z, Liu J, Yuan J, Guo X. A comparative dynamic study of seawater pretreatment using experimental and pilot bubble tower. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:803-817. [PMID: 33617488 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the previous study, greenhouse gas CO2 was successfully used as the precipitator to realize its carbonation by calcium ions in seawater with the help of magnesium oxide. In this study, the reaction process was firstly analyzed by a proposed reaction mechanism, and then the dynamic simulation of the gas-liquid-solid system was carried out via kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the reaction mechanism, the continuous experimental study was realized in a bubble column. The effects of air flow rate, carbon dioxide flow rate and temperature on the effectiveness evaluation indexes of decalcification efficiency, total mass transfer coefficient and carbon sequestration rate were studied. Finally, a bonnet tower with a diameter of 1 m and a height of 8 m was built to carry out the pilot test. In the laboratory experiments, the calcium removal rate reached 94%, the carbon sequestration rate reached 63.6%, and pure micron calcium carbonate products were obtained. The decalcification rate reached 95% in the pilot test, which is consistent with the results of the laboratory experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail: ; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin 300130, China and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hui Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail:
| | - Jiale Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail:
| | - Guosheng Dou
- Tianjin Hysci Nanometer Materials Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300270, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail: ; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin 300130, China and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail: ; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Junsheng Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail: ; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; Quanzhou Normal University, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiaofu Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail: ; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-Rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13236239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for the management of various types of waste and the production of useful products from them are currently widely studied. Both carbon dioxide and calcium-rich waste from various production processes are problematic wastes that can be used to produce calcium carbonate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the state of the development of processes that use these two wastes to obtain a valuable CaCO3 powder. The paper reviews the current research on the use of post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process, steelmaking slag, concrete, cement, and gypsum waste as well as some others industrial Ca-rich waste streams in the calcium carbonate precipitation process via carbonation route. This work is an attempt to collect the available information on the possibility of influencing the characteristics of the obtained calcium carbonate. It also indicates the possible limitations and implementation problems of the proposed technologies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong Y, Shi T, Chen Q, Yang X, Xu D, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhong B. Leaching calcium from phosphogypsum desulfurization slag by using ammonium chloride solution: Thermodynamics and kinetics study. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Akhtar K, Yousafzai S. Morphology control synthesis of nano rods and nano ovals CaCO3particle systems. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1626248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saniya Yousafzai
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang B, Pan Z, Du Z, Cheng H, Cheng F. Effect of impure components in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum on the generation of polymorph CaCO 3 during carbonation reaction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:236-243. [PMID: 30776606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the typical solid-wastes, FGD gypsum usually occupies land and causes resource waste and environmental pollution. Its high content of CaSO4·2H2O shows highly potential in synthesizing CaCO3 by incorporating CO2. Nevertheless, the impurities in FGD gypsum have significant effects on polymorph of CaCO3 and the formation mechanism of CaCO3 polymorph during FGD gypsum carbonation was still unclear. Here, we selected CaSO4·2H2O as model to explore the effects of impurities of muscovite and dolomite in FGD gypsum on polymorph of CaCO3 during carbonation. Results showed that the carbonation products of FGD gypsum are a mixture of vaterite (˜60%) and calcite (˜40%), while only pure vaterite was obtained in CaSO4·2H2O carbonation reaction. Muscovite has negligible effects on obtaining pure vaterite during CaSO4·2H2O carbonation. Interestingly, the content of calcite increases to the maximum value (˜27%) at 1.0 wt% dolomite and then decreases with the increment of dolomite in CaSO4·2H2O carbonation reaction. Correspondingly, vaterite declines first and then increases. Mechanism study shows that hydrophilicity and negative surface charge of dolomite might be the key factors to selectively form calcite during the carbonation of FGD gypsum. These findings might contribute to further utilization of FGD gypsum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-Added Utilization of Coal-Related Wastes, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Zihe Pan
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-Added Utilization of Coal-Related Wastes, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Zhiping Du
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-Added Utilization of Coal-Related Wastes, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Huaigang Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-Added Utilization of Coal-Related Wastes, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-Added Utilization of Coal-Related Wastes, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Altiner M, Top S, Kaymakoğlu B, Seçkin İY, Vapur H. Production of precipitated calcium carbonate particles from gypsum waste using venturi tubes as a carbonation zone. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|