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Guo W, Dong X, Li Y, Li C, Tian Y, Gao H, Li T, Zhu H, Wang J, Yang C. Co-amorphous formulation of dipyridamole with p-hydroxybenzoic acid: Underlying molecular mechanisms, physical stability, dissolution behavior and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:139-149. [PMID: 36709922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coamorphization has been proven to be an effective approach to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by virtue of solubilization, and also contributes to overcome limitation of physical stability associated with amorphous drug alone. In current work, a co-amorphous formulation of dipyridamole (DPM), a poor solubility drug, with p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) was prepared and investigated. At a molar ratio of 1:2, DPM and HBA were melted result in the formation of a binary co-amorphous system. The DPM-HBA co-amorphous was structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and solution state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The molecular mechanisms in the co-amorphous were further analysed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation. All the results consistently revealed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between -OH of DPM and -COOH on HBA. Accelerated test and glass transition kinetics showed excellent physical stability of DPM-HBA co-amorphous compared with amorphous DPM along with glass transition temperatures (Tg). The phase-solubility study indicated that complexation occurred between DPM and HBA in solution, which contributed to the solubility and dissolution enhancement of DPM in co-amorphous system. Pharmacokinetic study of co-amorphous DPM-HBA in mouse plasma revealed that the DPM exhibited 1.78-fold and 2.64-fold improvement in AUC0‑∞ value compared with crystalline and amorphous DPM, respectively. This current study revealed coamorphization is an effective approach for DPM to improve the solubility and biopharmaceutical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Congwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanruo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiqin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Gerner B, Scherf-Clavel O. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Cabozantinib to Simulate Enterohepatic Recirculation, Drug-Drug Interaction with Rifampin and Liver Impairment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060778. [PMID: 34067429 PMCID: PMC8224782 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabozantinib (CAB) is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of several cancer types. Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) of the substance is assumed but has not been further investigated yet. CAB is mainly metabolized via CYP3A4 and is susceptible for drug-drug interactions (DDI). The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to investigate EHC, to simulate DDI with Rifampin and to simulate subjects with hepatic impairment. The model was established using PK-Sim® and six human clinical studies. The inclusion of an EHC process into the model led to the most accurate description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of CAB. The model was able to predict plasma concentrations with low bias and good precision. Ninety-seven percent of all simulated plasma concentrations fell within 2-fold of the corresponding concentration observed. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were predicted correctly (predicted/observed ratio of 0.9-1.2 for AUC and 0.8-1.1 for Cmax). DDI with Rifampin led to a reduction in predicted AUC by 77%. Several physiological parameters were adapted to simulate hepatic impairment correctly. This is the first CAB model used to simulate DDI with Rifampin and hepatic impairment including EHC, which can serve as a starting point for further simulations with regard to special populations.
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Pletz J, Blakeman S, Paini A, Parissis N, Worth A, Andersson AM, Frederiksen H, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Bopp SK. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling and human biomonitoring data for mixture risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105978. [PMID: 32763630 PMCID: PMC7684529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data can provide insight into co-exposure patterns resulting from exposure to multiple chemicals from various sources and over time. Therefore, such data are particularly valuable for assessing potential risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals. One way to interpret HBM data is establishing safe levels in blood or urine, called Biomonitoring Equivalents (BE) or HBM health based guidance values (HBM-HBGV). These can be derived by converting established external reference values, such as tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. HBM-HBGV or BE values are so far agreed only for a very limited number of chemicals. These values can be established using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling, usually requiring substance specific models and the collection of many input parameters which are often not available or difficult to find in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability and limitations of generic PBK models in deriving BE values for several compounds with a view to facilitating the use of HBM data in the assessment of chemical mixtures at a screening level. The focus was on testing the methodology with two generic models, the IndusChemFate tool and High-Throughput Toxicokinetics package, for two different classes of compounds, phenols and phthalates. HBM data on Danish children and on Norwegian mothers and children were used to evaluate the quality of the predictions and to illustrate, by means of a case study, the overall approach of applying PBK models to chemical classes with HBM data in the context of chemical mixture risk assessment. Application of PBK models provides a better understanding and interpretation of HBM data. However, the study shows that establishing safety threshold levels in urine is a difficult and complex task. The approach might be more straightforward for more persistent chemicals that are analysed as parent compounds in blood but high uncertainties have to be considered around simulated metabolite concentrations in urine. Refining the models may reduce these uncertainties and improve predictions. Based on the experience gained with this study, the performance of the models for other chemicals could be investigated, to improve the accuracy of the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pletz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK(2)
| | - Samantha Blakeman
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Oceansea Conservación del Medio Ambiente, Cádiz, Spain(2)
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Sorafenib administered using a high-dose, pulsatile regimen in patients with advanced solid malignancies: a phase I exposure escalation study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:931-940. [PMID: 32274565 PMCID: PMC7188706 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background (Pre)clinical evidence is accumulating that intermittent exposure to increased doses of protein kinase inhibitors may improve their treatment benefit. In this phase I trial, the safety of high-dose, pulsatile sorafenib was studied. Patients and methods High-dose sorafenib was administered once weekly in exposure escalation cohorts according to a 3 + 3 design. Drug monitoring was performed in weeks 1–3 and doses were adjusted to achieve a predefined target plasma area under the curve (AUC)(0–12 h). The effect of low gastric pH on improving sorafenib exposure was investigated by intake of the acidic beverage cola. Results Seventeen patients with advanced malignancies without standard treatment options were included. Once weekly, high-dose sorafenib exposure was escalated up to a target AUC(0–12 h) of 125–150 mg/L/h, achieving a twofold higher Cmax compared to standard continuous dosing. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in three patients: grade 3 duodenal perforation (2800 mg sorafenib), grade 5 multiorgan failure (2800 mg sorafenib) and grade 5 biliary tract perforation (3600 mg sorafenib). The mean difference between observed and target AUC(0–12 h) was 45% (SD ± 56%) in week 1 using a fixed starting dose of sorafenib compared to 2% (SD ± 32%) in week 3 as a result of drug monitoring (P = 0.06). Dissolving sorafenib in cola, instead of water, did not improve sorafenib exposure. Clinical benefit with stable disease as the best response was observed in two patients. Conclusion Treatment with high-dose, once weekly sorafenib administration resulted in dose-limiting toxicity precluding dose escalation above the exposure cohort of 125–150 mg/L/h. Drug monitoring was a successful strategy to pursue a target exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00280-020-04065-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Stamatopoulos K, Pathak SM, Marciani L, Turner DB. Population-Based PBPK Model for the Prediction of Time-Variant Bile Salt Disposition within GI Luminal Fluids. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1310-1323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shriram M. Pathak
- Certara Ltd (Simcyp Division), Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Turner
- Certara Ltd (Simcyp Division), Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, United Kingdom
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Amor D, Goutal S, Marie S, Caillé F, Bauer M, Langer O, Auvity S, Tournier N. Impact of rifampicin-inhibitable transport on the liver distribution and tissue kinetics of erlotinib assessed with PET imaging in rats. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 30116910 PMCID: PMC6095934 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Erlotinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The wide inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of erlotinib may impact treatment outcome and/or toxicity. Recent in vivo studies reported a nonlinear uptake transport of erlotinib into the liver, suggesting carrier-mediated system(s) to mediate its hepatobiliary clearance. Erlotinib has been identified in vitro as a substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters which expression does not restrict to hepatocytes and may impact the tissue uptake of erlotinib in vivo. Results The impact of rifampicin (40 mg/kg), a potent OATP inhibitor, on the liver uptake and exposure to tissues of 11C-erlotinib was investigated in rats (4 animals per group) using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Tissue pharmacokinetics (PK) and corresponding exposure (area under the curve, AUC) were assessed in the liver, kidney cortex, abdominal aorta (blood pool) and the lungs. The plasma PK of parent 11C-erlotinib was also measured using arterial blood sampling to estimate the transfer rate constant (kuptake) of 11C-erlotinib from plasma into different tissues. PET images unveiled the predominant distribution of 11C-erlotinib-associated radioactivity to the liver, which gradually moved to the intestine, thus highlighting hepatobiliary clearance. 11C-erlotinib also accumulated in the kidney cortex. Rifampicin did not impact AUCaorta but reduced kuptake, liver (p < 0.001), causing a significant 27.3% decrease in liver exposure (p < 0.001). Moreover, a significant decrease in kuptake, kidney with a concomitant decrease in AUCkidney (− 30.4%, p < 0.001) were observed. Rifampicin neither affected kuptake, lung nor AUClung. Conclusions Our results suggest that 11C-erlotinib is an in vivo substrate of rOATP transporters expressed in the liver and possibly of rifampicin-inhibitable transporter(s) in the kidneys. Decreased 11C-erlotinib uptake by elimination organs did not translate into changes in systemic exposure and exposure to the lungs, which are a target tissue for erlotinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Amor
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Solène Marie
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, F-91400, Orsay, France. .,CEA, DRF, JOLIOT, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, F-91401, Orsay, France.
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Abbiati RA, Savoca A, Manca D. An engineering oriented approach to physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63964-6.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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