1
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Bennett M, Beveniou E, Kerr AR, Dragosavac MM. Antisolvent Crystallization of Telmisartan Using Stainless-Steel Micromixing Membrane Contactors. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:3720-3730. [PMID: 37159651 PMCID: PMC10161197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlled continuous crystallization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) telmisartan (TEL) has been conducted from TEL/DMSO solutions by antisolvent crystallization in deionized water using membrane micromixing contactors. The purpose of this work was to test stainless-steel membranes with ordered 10 μm pores spaced at 200 μm in a stirred-cell (batch, LDC-1) and crossflow (continuous, AXF-1) system for TEL formation. By controlling the feed flow rate of the API and solvent, through the membrane pores as well as the antisolvent flow, it was possible to tightly control the micromixing and with that to control the crystal nucleation and growth. Batch crystallization without the membrane resulted in an inhomogeneous crystallization process, giving a mixture of crystalline and amorphous TEL materials. The rate of crystallization was controlled with a higher DMSO content (4:1 DMSO/DI water), resulting in slower crystallization of the TEL material. Both membrane setups, stirred batch and the crossflow, yielded the amorphous TEL particles when deionized water was used, while a crystalline material was produced when a mixture of DI water and DMSO was used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina Beveniou
- Wilton
Centre, Micropore Technologies Ltd, Redcar TS10 4RF, U.K.
| | - Alex Robin Kerr
- Wilton
Centre, Micropore Technologies Ltd, Redcar TS10 4RF, U.K.
| | - Marijana M. Dragosavac
- Wilton
Centre, Micropore Technologies Ltd, Redcar TS10 4RF, U.K.
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Leics LE11 3TU, U.K.
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2
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Nyande BW, Thomas KM, Takarianto AA, Lakerveld R. Control of crystal size distribution in batch protein crystallization by integrating a gapped Kenics static mixer to flexibly produce seed crystals. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Fang L, Gao Z, Gao Z, Huang W, Wan X, Rohani S, Gong J. Controlled Crystallization of Metastable Polymorphic Pharmaceutical: Comparative Study of Batchwise and Continuous Tubular Crystallizers. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Sedimentation behavior of suspensions in milliflow reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Achermann R, Adams R, Prasser HM, Mazzotti M. Characterization of a small-scale crystallizer using CFD simulations and X-ray CT measurements. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Sonnenschein J, Wohlgemuth K. Archimedes tube crystallizer: Design and characterization for small-scale continuous crystallization. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Mathew Thomas K, Nyande BW, Lakerveld R. Design and Characterization of Kenics Static Mixer Crystallizers. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Flow Map for Hydrodynamics and Suspension Behavior in a Continuous Archimedes Tube Crystallizer. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Archimedes Tube Crystallizer (ATC) is a small-scale coiled tubular crystallizer operated with air-segmented flow. As individual liquid segments are moved through the apparatus by rotation, the ATC operates as a pump. Thus, the ATC overcomes pressure drop limitations of other continuous crystallizers, allowing for longer residence times and crystal growth phases. Understanding continuous crystallizer phenomena is the basis for a well-designed crystallization process, especially for small-scale applications in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. Hydrodynamics and suspension behavior, for example, affect agglomeration, breakage, attrition, and ultimately crystallizer blockage. In practice, however, it is time-consuming to investigate these phenomena experimentally for each new material system. In this contribution, a flow map is developed in five steps through a combination of experiments, CFD simulations, and dimensionless numbers. Accordingly, operating parameters can be specified depending on ATC design and material system used, where suspension behavior is suitable for high-quality crystalline products.
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9
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Continuous Cooling Crystallization in a Coiled Flow Inverter Crystallizer Technology—Design, Characterization, and Hurdles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous small-scale production is currently of utmost interest for fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. For this purpose, equipment and process concepts in consideration of the hurdles for solids handling are required to transfer conventional batch processing to continuous operation. Based on empirical equations, pressure loss constraints, and an expandable modular system, a coiled flow inverter (CFI) crystallizer with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm was designed. It was characterized concerning its residence time behavior, tested for operation with seed crystals or an ultrasonic seed crystal unit, and evaluated for different purging mechanisms for stable operation. The residence time behavior in the CFI corresponds to ideal plug flow behavior. Crystal growth using seed crystals was demonstrated in the CFI for two amino acids. For fewer seed crystals, higher crystal growth rates were determined, while at the same time, secondary nucleation was observed. Feasibility for the interconnection of a sonicated seeding crystal unit could be shown. However, the hurdles are also identified and discussed. Prophylactic flushing combined with a photosensor for distinguishing between solvent and suspension phase can lead to stable and resource-efficient operation. The small-scale CFI technology was investigated in detail, and the limits and opportunities of the technology are presented here.
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10
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Yu Y, Pandit AV, Robertson P, Ranade VV. Antisolvent Crystallization using a Fluidic Oscillator: Modeling and Validation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Ajinkya V. Pandit
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Peter Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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11
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Termühlen M, Etmanski MM, Kryschewski I, Kufner AC, Schembecker G, Wohlgemuth K. Continuous slug flow crystallization: Impact of design and operating parameters on product quality. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Mathematical modeling and experimental validation of continuous slug-flow tubular crystallization with ultrasonication-induced nucleation and spatially varying temperature. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Abstract
AbstractNucleation in continuously operated capillary coiled cooling crystallizers is experimentally investigated under the influence of ultrasound. It was found that there is no sharp boundary but rather a transition zone for nucleation under sonication. For this purpose, a tube with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 6 m was winded in a coiled flow inverter (CFI) design and immersed into a cooled ultrasonic bath (37 kHz). The CFI design was chosen for improved radial mixing and narrow residence time distribution, which is also investigated. Amino acid l-alanine dissolved in deionized water is employed in a supersaturation range of 1.10 to 1.46 under quiet and sonicated conditions. Nucleation is non-invasive detected using a flow cell equipped with a microscope and camera.
Graphical abstract
Since the interest and demand for small-scale, continuous crystallization increases, seed crystals were generated in a coiled tube via sonication and optically investigated and characterized. No distinct threshold for nucleation could be determined in a wide range of supersaturations of l-alanine in water
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14
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Mou M, Jiang M. Fast Continuous Non-Seeded Cooling Crystallization of Glycine in Slug Flow: Pure α-Form Crystals with Narrow Size Distribution. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Pal SK, Dhasmana P, Nigam KDP, Singh V. Tuning of Particle Size in a Helical Coil Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India
| | - P. Dhasmana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India
| | - K. D. P. Nigam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India
| | - V. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi 110016, India
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17
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Benitez-Chapa AG, Nigam KDP, Alvarez AJ. Process Intensification of Continuous Antisolvent Crystallization Using a Coiled Flow Inverter. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Benitez-Chapa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. 64849, México
| | - Krishna D. P. Nigam
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. 64849, México
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Alejandro J. Alvarez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. 64849, México
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18
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Krieger W, Hörbelt M, Schuster S, Hennekes J, Kockmann N. Kinetic Study of Leuco‐Indigo Carmine Oxidation and Investigation of Taylor and Dean Flow Superposition in a Coiled Flow Inverter. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Krieger
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Max Hörbelt
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Simon Schuster
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Julian Hennekes
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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19
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Bittorf L, Reichmann F, Schmalenberg M, Soboll S, Kockmann N. Equipment and Separation Units for Flow Chemistry Applications and Process Development. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bittorf
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Felix Reichmann
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mira Schmalenberg
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sebastian Soboll
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- TU Dortmund UniversityDepartment of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Equipment Design Emil-Figge-Strasse 68 44227 Dortmund Germany
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20
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Bartsch C, John V, Patterson RI. Simulations of an ASA flow crystallizer with a coupled stochastic-deterministic approach. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Schmalenberg M, Krieger W, Kockmann N. Modular Coiled Flow Inverter with Narrow Residence Time Distribution for Process Development and Production. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Schmalenberg
- Technische Universität DortmundBCI, Apparatedesign Emil-Figge-Straße 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Waldemar Krieger
- Technische Universität DortmundBCI, Apparatedesign Emil-Figge-Straße 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Technische Universität DortmundBCI, Apparatedesign Emil-Figge-Straße 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
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22
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Kovačević T, Briesen H. Simulations of crystal aggregation and growth: Towards correct crystal area. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Kovačević
- Technical University of MunichChair of Process Systems Engineering Freising, 85354 Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Technical University of MunichChair of Process Systems Engineering Freising, 85354 Germany
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23
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Köllges T, Vetter T. Polymorph Selection and Process Intensification in a Continuous Crystallization–Milling Process: A Case Study on l-Glutamic Acid Crystallized from Water. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Köllges
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Thomas Vetter
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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24
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Jiang M, Braatz RD. Designs of continuous-flow pharmaceutical crystallizers: developments and practice. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review of recent research advances in continuous-flow crystallization includes a five-step general design procedure, generally applicable process intensification strategies, and practical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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25
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Wiedmeyer V, Voigt A, Anker F, John V, Ahrens R, Le Borne S, Sundmacher A. Kontinuierliche formselektive Kristallisation: Neue Strategien. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Wiedmeyer
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg; Systemverfahrenstechnik; Uniplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - A. Voigt
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg; Systemverfahrenstechnik; Uniplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - F. Anker
- Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik; Numerische Mathematik; Mohrenstraße 39 10117 Berlin Deutschland
| | - V. John
- Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik; Numerische Mathematik; Mohrenstraße 39 10117 Berlin Deutschland
- Freie Universität Berlin; Mathematik und Computerwissenschaften; Arnimallee 6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - R. Ahrens
- Technische Universität Hamburg; Numerische Mathematik; Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 21073 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - S. Le Borne
- Technische Universität Hamburg; Numerische Mathematik; Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3 21073 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - A. Sundmacher
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg; Systemverfahrenstechnik; Uniplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme Magdeburg; Prozesstechnik; Sandtorstraße 1 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
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26
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Yao H, Wang Y, Jing Y, Luo G. Ultrafast, Continuous and Shape-Controlled Preparation of CeO2 Nanostructures: Nanorods and Nanocubes in a Microfluidic System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Su M, Gao Y. Air–Liquid Segmented Continuous Crystallization Process Optimization of the Flow Field, Growth Rate, and Size Distribution of Crystals. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- School of Marine Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300130 Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300130 Tianjin, China
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28
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Besenhard M, Neugebauer P, Scheibelhofer O, Khinast JG. Crystal Engineering in Continuous Plug-Flow Crystallizers. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2017; 17:6432-6444. [PMID: 29234240 PMCID: PMC5721338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Size, shape, and polymorphic form are the critical attributes of crystalline particles and represent the major focus of today's crystallization process design. This work demonstrates how crystal properties can be tuned efficiently in solution via a tubular crystallizer that facilitates rapid temperature cycling. Controlled crystal growth, dissolution, and secondary nucleation allow a precise control of the crystal size and shape distribution, as well as polymorphic composition. Tubular crystallizers utilizing segmented flow such as the one presented in our work can provide plug flow characteristics, fast heating and cooling, allowing for rapid changes of the supersaturation. This makes them superior for crystal engineering over common crystallizers. Characterization of particle transport, however, revealed that careful selection of process parameters, such as tubing diameter, flow rates, solvents, etc., is crucial to achieve the full benefits of such reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Neugebauer
- Graz
University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Johannes G. Khinast
- Research
Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), 8010 Graz, Austria
- Graz
University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, 8010 Graz, Austria
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29
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Wiedmeyer V, Voigt A, Sundmacher K. Crystal Population Growth in a Continuous Helically Coiled Flow Tube Crystallizer. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wiedmeyer
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Faculty of Process & Systems Engineering; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Andreas Voigt
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Faculty of Process & Systems Engineering; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Faculty of Process & Systems Engineering; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems; Process Systems Engineering; Sandtorstr. 1 39106 Magdeburg Germany
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