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Rupérez D, Rivière M, Lebreton J, Aznar M, Silva F, Tessier A, Cariou R, Nerín C. Synthesis and quantification of oligoesters migrating from starch-based food packaging materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135202. [PMID: 39029188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The term oligomer refers to structurally diverse compounds coming from incomplete polymerisation or polymer degradation. Their ability to migrate into foodstuffs along with recent studies about their bioavailability and toxicity have risen concerns about the scarcity of standards needed to perform thorough analytical and toxicological studies. In this work, migration extracts of three starch-based biopolymers films for the packaging of fruits and vegetables were analysed according to European legislation 10/2011. Oligoesters analysed by UPLC-MS(QTOF) were the main non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) identified in the food simulants. A stepwise synthesis approach was used to synthesise and isolate eleven cyclic and linear oligoester standards ranging from 2 to 8 monomers based on adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, isophtalic acid and propylene glycol monomers. These standards were characterised by 1H and 13C NMR as well as high resolution mass spectrometry. An overall high purity of > 98 % was achieved as detected by UPLC-MS(Orbitrap). The standards were then used to unequivocally identify the oligoesters in the migration assay samples by comparing their UPLC-MS/MS spectra, and to semi-quantify or fully quantify these migrant oligoesters. The oligoester quantification results deemed safe only one out of the three biopolymer films according to their threshold of toxicological concern concept. The work herein described aims to contribute towards the oligomers knowledge gaps, opening the door for comprehensive toxicological risk and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rupérez
- I3A - Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Rivière
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Lebreton
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Margarita Aznar
- I3A - Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Filomena Silva
- I3A - Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID - Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arnaud Tessier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Cristina Nerín
- I3A - Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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2
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Zhao Q, Niu F, Liu J, Yin H. Research Progress of Natural Rubber Wet Mixing Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1899. [PMID: 39000755 PMCID: PMC11244561 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of natural rubber (NR), a naturally occurring and sustainable material, can be greatly enhanced by adding different fillers to the NR matrix. The homogeneous dispersion of fillers in the NR matrix is a key factor in their ability to reinforce. As a novel method, wet mixing technology may effectively provide good filler dispersion in the NR matrix while overcoming the drawbacks of conventional dry mixing. This study examines the literature on wet mixing fillers, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, silica, carbon black, and others, to prepare natural rubber composites. It also focuses on the wet preparation techniques and key characteristics of these fillers. Furthermore, the mechanism of filler reinforcement is also examined. To give guidance for the future development of wet mixing technology, this study also highlights the shortcomings of the current system and the urgent need to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haishan Yin
- College of Electromechanical and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; (Q.Z.); (F.N.); (J.L.)
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3
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Howell BA. Thermal Degradation of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224929. [PMID: 36433056 PMCID: PMC9695522 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new organophosphorus flame retardants for polymeric materials is spurred by relatively low toxicity, effectiveness, and demand for replacement of more traditional materials. To function, these compounds must decompose in a degrading polymer matrix to form species which promote modification of the solid phase or generate active radical moieties that escape to the gas phase and interrupt combustion propagating reactions. An understanding of the decomposition process for these compounds may provide insight into the nature of flame retardant action which they may offer and suggest parameters for the synthesis of effective new organophosphorus flame retardants. The thermal degradation of a series of organophosphorus esters varying in the level of oxygenation at phosphorus-alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate, phosphonate, phosphinate-has been examined. Initial degradation in all cases corresponds to elimination of a phosphorus acid. However, the facility with which this occurs is strongly dependent on the level of oxygenation at phosphorus. For alkyl phosphates elimination occurs rapidly at relatively low temperature. The same process occurs at somewhat higher temperature for aryl phosphates. Elimination of a phosphorus acid from phosphonate or phosphinate occurs more slowly and at much higher temperature. Further, the acids formed from elimination rapidly degrade further to evolve volatile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob A Howell
- Science of Advanced Materials, Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859-0001, USA
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4
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Shukla K. A study on the synthesis of various polyesters from glycerol. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Zhou J, Li M, Wu J, Zhang C, He Z, Xiao Y, Tong G, Zhu X. One-pot synthesis of hydroxyl terminated hyperbranched semi-aromatic Poly(ester-imide)s. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Mao L, Ren X, Feng B, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Huang W. Sydnone-maleimide based cascading double 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition for synthesis of “A(A′) + B3” type hyperbranched polyimide. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Han F, Zhang Z, Ma T, Shou C. Preparation and mechanical properties of water‐dispersible hyperbranched polymer grafted carbon black/natural rubber composites by latex blending method. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Shou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Jinan Jinan People's Republic of China
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Chen B, Syed MN, Daymon SP, Olson BG, Kareem OO, Giesen JA, Fahs GB, Moore RR, Grayson SM, Nazarenko S. Insights and comparison of structure–bulk property relationships in low generation hydroxylated polyester dendrimer and hyperbranched polymer prepared from bis-MPA monomer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Zhu H, Yang J, Wu M, Wu Q, Liu J, Zhang J. Effect of ketal group in castor oil acid‐based plasticizer on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment‐friendly Polymer Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Mingyuan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment‐friendly Polymer Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment‐friendly Polymer Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Jiuyi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment‐friendly Polymer Materials Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment‐friendly Polymer Materials Anhui University Hefei China
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Kolbuk D, Jeznach O, Wrzecionek M, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Poly(Glycerol Succinate) as an Eco-Friendly Component of PLLA and PLCL Fibres towards Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1731. [PMID: 32756398 PMCID: PMC7464260 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted as a first step in obtaining eco-friendly fibres for medical applications using a synthesised oligomer poly(glycerol succinate) (PGSu) as an additive for synthetic poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL). The effects of the oligomer on the structure formation, morphology, crystallisation behaviour, and mechanical properties of electrospun bicomponent fibres were investigated. Nonwovens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The molecular structure of PLLA fibres is influenced by the presence of PGSu mainly acting as an enhancer of molecular orientation. In the case of semicrystalline PLCL, chain mobility was enhanced by the presence of PGSu molecules, and the crystallinity of bicomponent fibres increased in relation to that of pure PLCL. The mechanical properties of bicomponent fibres were influenced by the level of PGSu present and the extent of crystal formation of the main component. An in vitro study conducted using L929 cells confirmed the biocompatible character of all bicomponent fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kolbuk
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Oliwia Jeznach
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Wrzecionek
- Faculty of Chemistry of Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
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11
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Shaw Z, Patel A, Butcher T, Banerjee T, Bean R, Santra S. Pseudo-branched polyester copolymer: an efficient drug delivery system to treat cancer. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1592-1603. [PMID: 32051980 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new hyperbranched polyester copolymer was designed using a proprietary monomer and diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol as monomers. The synthesis was carried out using standard melt polymerization technique and catalyzed by p-tolulenesulfonic acid. The progress of the reaction was monitored with respect to time and negative pressure, with samples being subjected to standard characterization protocols. The resulting polymers were purified using the solvent precipitation method and characterized using various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods including GPC, MALDI-TOF, and NMR. We have observed polymers with a molecular weight of 29 643 Da and 33 996 Da, which is ideal to be used as a drug delivery system. Thus, these polymers were chosen for further modification into folate-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles for the targeted treatment of cancer, in this case we have chosen prostate cancer cells as a model. We hypothesized that due to the 3D structure of the A2B monomer, we expect a pseudo-branched polymer that is globular in shape which will be ideal for drug carrying and delivery. We used a solvent diffusion method for the one-pot formulation of water-dispersable polymeric nanoparticles as well as theraputic drug (doxorubicin) encapsulation. The efficacy of this delivery system was gauged by treating LNCaP cells with the drug-loaded nanoparticles and assessing the results of the treatment. The results were analyzed by cytotoxicity (MTT) assays, drug release studies, and fluorescence microscopy. The experimental results collectively show a nanoparticle that was biocompatible, target-specific, and successfully initiated apoptosis in an in vitro prostate cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Arth Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Thai Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Ren Bean
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA.
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12
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Zhang K, Tian Y, Cheng F, Zhang K, Zhou M, Lin Y, Zhu P. Effect of hyperbranched poly(citric polyethylene glycol) with different polyethylene glycol chain length on starch sizing and compatibility with blended yarns. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yu Tian
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Kai‐rui Zhang
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Lin
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Pu‐xin Zhu
- Textile InstituteCollege of Biomass Science and Enginnering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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13
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Howell BA, Lazar ST. Biobased Plasticizers from Glycerol/Adipic Acid Hyperbranched Poly(ester)s. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob A. Howell
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| | - Simone T. Lazar
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
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14
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Phosphorus Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials from Gallic Acid and Other Naturally Occurring Multihydroxybenzoic Acids. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7237236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of polymer and polymer additives from renewable biosources is becoming increasingly prominent. This reflects increasing concerns about sustainability, environmental quality, and human health. Bioproducts produced in nature are generally inexpensive and benign in the environment. Moreover, degradation of derivatives does not yield toxic products. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is found widely in nature and has long been touted for its medicinal qualities. 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is also produced by several plants, most notably buckwheat. Both compounds, as the anilide and methyl ester, respectively, have been converted to a series of phosphorus esters, both phosphonate and phosphate. Esters have been fully characterized using spectroscopic and thermal methods. These compounds display good flame retardancy at low loadings in DGEBA epoxy resin.
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Howell BA, Lazar ST. Biobased Plasticizers from Carbohydrate-Derived 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob A. Howell
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| | - Simone T. Lazar
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
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16
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Effect of hyperbranched poly(trimellitic glyceride) with different molecular weight on starch plasticization and compatibility with polyester. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Zhang K, Zhang K, Cheng F, Lin Y, Zhou M, Zhu P. Aging properties and hydrophilicity of maize starch plasticized by hyperbranched poly(citrate glyceride). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Lin
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Puxin Zhu
- Textile Institute; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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18
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Wang L, Chen S, Cheng J, Guo W, Wang Y, Miao M, Zhang D. Synthesis of Recyclable Hyperbranched Polymers with High Efficiency of Promoting Degradation of Epoxy Resins. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education; Hubei Province; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430073 China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education; Hubei Province; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Wenqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education; Hubei Province; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education; Hubei Province; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
| | - Menghe Miao
- CSIRO Manufacturing; 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education; Hubei Province; South-Central University for Nationalities; Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China
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Liu C, Huang X, Wang H, Qian H, Hu L, Zhou W, Lu R, Gao H. Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of benzoylurea insecticides in water samples with hyperbranched polyester composite as sorbent. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02167h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyester was used as efficient and accessible sorbent in the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Huazi Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Heng Qian
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#
- Haidian District
- Beijing 100194
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20
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Savage PE. Virtual Special Issue: Invited Papers from the 252nd ACS National Meeting in Philadelphia. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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