1
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Guo M, Dongfang N, Iannuzzi M, van Bokhoven JA, Artiglia L. Structure and Reactivity of Active Oxygen Species on Silver Surfaces for Ethylene Epoxidation. ACS Catal 2024; 14:10234-10244. [PMID: 38988650 PMCID: PMC11232021 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The epoxidation of ethylene stands as one of the most important industrial catalytic reactions, and silver-based catalysts show superior activity and selectivity. Oxygen is activated on the surface of silver during the reaction and exerts a substantial impact on product selectivity. Notably, the oxygen species residing in the topmost atomic layers profoundly influence the reactivity of a catalyst. However, their characterization under in situ reaction conditions remains a huge challenge, and specific structures have not been identified yet. In this study, we employ in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to determine the oxygen species formed at the topmost atomic layers of a silver foil and to assign them a structure. Three different groups of oxygen species activated on silver are identified: (i) surface lattice oxygen and two oxygen species originating from associatively adsorbed dioxygen and (ii) top and (iii) subsurface oxygen. Transient in situ photoelectron spectroscopy experiments are carried out to reveal the dynamic evolution and thus reactivity of the different oxygen species under ethylene epoxidation reaction environments. The top oxygen atom from the adsorbed associated dioxygen is the most active. Meanwhile, a frequency-selective data analysis method, developed to process time-resolved data, provides insights into the evolving trends of peak intensities for different oxygen species. The versatility of this method suggests its potential application in future time-resolved characterization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nanchen Dongfang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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2
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Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Yonge A, Gusmão GS, Fushimi R, Medford AJ. Model-Based Design of Experiments for Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP): A Simulated Case Study in Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:4756-4770. [PMID: 38525291 PMCID: PMC10958505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactors enable experiments that probe numerous kinetic processes within a single set of experimental data through variations in pulse intensity, delay, or temperature. Selecting additional TAP experiments often involves an arbitrary selection of reaction conditions or the use of chemical intuition. To make experiment selection in TAP more robust, we explore the efficacy of model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) for precision in TAP reactor kinetic modeling. We successfully applied this approach to a case study of synthetic oxidative propane dehydrogenation (OPDH) that involves pulses of propane and oxygen. We found that experiments identified as optimal through the MBDoE for precision generally reduce parameter uncertainties to a higher degree than alternative experiments. The performance of MBDoE for model divergence was also explored for OPDH, with the relevant active sites (catalyst structure) being unknown. An experiment that maximized the divergence between the three proposed mechanisms was identified and provided evidence that improved the mechanism discrimination. However, reoptimization of kinetic parameters eliminated the ability to discriminate between models. The findings yield insight into the prospects and limitations of MBDoE for TAP and transient kinetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yonge
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gabriel S. Gusmão
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rebecca Fushimi
- Catalysis
and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National
Laboratory, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Andrew J. Medford
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Bols ML, Ma J, Rammal F, Plessers D, Wu X, Navarro-Jaén S, Heyer AJ, Sels BF, Solomon EI, Schoonheydt RA. In Situ UV-Vis-NIR Absorption Spectroscopy and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2352-2418. [PMID: 38408190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights in situ UV-vis-NIR range absorption spectroscopy in catalysis. A variety of experimental techniques identifying reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and structural properties are discussed. Stopped flow techniques, use of laser pulses, and use of experimental perturbations are demonstrated for in situ studies of enzymatic, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and photocatalysis. They access different time scales and are applicable to different reaction systems and catalyst types. In photocatalysis, femto- and nanosecond resolved measurements through transient absorption are discussed for tracking excited states. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopies for structural characterization are demonstrated especially for Cu and Fe exchanged zeolites and metalloenzymes. This requires combining different spectroscopies. Combining magnetic circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopy is especially powerful. A multitude of phenomena can be tracked on transition metal catalysts on various supports, including changes in oxidation state, adsorptions, reactions, support interactions, surface plasmon resonances, and band gaps. Measurements of oxidation states, oxygen vacancies, and band gaps are shown on heterogeneous catalysts, especially for electrocatalysis. UV-vis-NIR absorption is burdened by broad absorption bands. Advanced analysis techniques enable the tracking of coking reactions on acid zeolites despite convoluted spectra. The value of UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy to catalyst characterization and mechanistic investigation is clear but could be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Bols
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), University of Ghent, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatima Rammal
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Plessers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xuejiao Wu
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Navarro-Jaén
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander J Heyer
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert A Schoonheydt
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Weyel J, Hess C. Refining the mechanism of CO 2 and H 2 activation over gold-ceria catalysts by IR modulation excitation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6608-6615. [PMID: 38333955 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The activation and utilization of the greenhouse gas CO2 is of great interest for the energy transition as a fossil-free carbon source for mitigating climate change. CO2 hydrogenation via the reverse water-gas shift reaction (RWGSR) converts CO2 to CO, a crucial component of syngas, enabling further transformation by means of the Fischer-Tropsch process. In this study, we unravel the detailed mechanism of the RWGSR on low-loaded Au/CeO2 catalysts using IR modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES), by periodically modulating the concentration of the reactants, followed by phase-sensitive detection (PSD). Applying such a MES-PSD approach to Au/CeO2 catalysts during RWGSR gives direct spectroscopic evidence for the active role of gold hydride, bidentate carbonate and hydroxyl species in the reaction mechanism, while disproving the participation of other species such as formate. Our results highlight the potential of modulation excitation spectroscopy combined with phase-sensitive detection to provide new mechanistic insight into catalytic reactions not accessible by steady-state techniques, including a profound understanding of the sequence of reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weyel
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christian Hess
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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6
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Gomes GJ, Zalazar MF, Padilha JC, Costa MB, Bazzi CL, Arroyo PA. Unveiling the mechanisms of carboxylic acid esterification on acid zeolites for biomass-to-energy: A review of the catalytic process through experimental and computational studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140879. [PMID: 38061565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest from industrial and academic areas in the esterification of carboxylic acids catalyzed by acidic zeolites, as it represents a sustainable and economically viable approach to producing a wide range of high-value-added products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that address the intricate reaction mechanisms occurring at the catalyst interface at both the experimental and atomistic levels. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the esterification reaction on acidic zeolites based on experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of infrared spectroscopy with atomistic calculations and experimental strategies using modulation excitation spectroscopy techniques combined with phase-sensitive detection is presented as an approach to detecting short-lived intermediates at the interface of zeolitic frameworks under realistic reaction conditions. To achieve this goal, this review has been divided into four sections: The first is a brief introduction highlighting the distinctive features of this review. The second addresses questions about the topology and activity of different zeolitic systems, since these properties are closely correlated in the esterification process. The third section deals with the mechanisms proposed in the literature. The fourth section presents advances in IR techniques and theoretical calculations that can be applied to gain new insights into reaction mechanisms. Finally, this review concludes with a subtle approach, highlighting the main aspects and perspectives of combining experimental and theoretical techniques to elucidate different reaction mechanisms in zeolitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio José Gomes
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina; Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - María Fernanda Zalazar
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Budke Costa
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leones Bazzi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Arroyo
- Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Groppo E, Rojas-Buzo S, Bordiga S. The Role of In Situ/ Operando IR Spectroscopy in Unraveling Adsorbate-Induced Structural Changes in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12135-12169. [PMID: 37882638 PMCID: PMC10636737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts undergo thermal- and/or adsorbate-induced dynamic changes under reaction conditions, which consequently modify their catalytic behavior. Hence, it is increasingly crucial to characterize the properties of a catalyst under reaction conditions through the so-called "operando" approach. Operando IR spectroscopy is probably one of the most ubiquitous and versatile characterization methods in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, but its potential in identifying adsorbate- and thermal-induced phenomena is often overlooked in favor of other less accessible methods, such as XAS spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopy. Without detracting from these techniques, and while aware of the enormous value of a multitechnique approach, the purpose of this Review is to show that IR spectroscopy alone can provide relevant information in this field. This is done by discussing a few selected case studies from our own research experience, which belong to the categories of both "single-site"- and nanoparticle-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Rojas-Buzo
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry,
NIS Centre and INSTM, University of Torino, via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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8
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Phongprueksathat N, Ting KW, Mine S, Jing Y, Toyoshima R, Kondoh H, Shimizu KI, Toyao T, Urakawa A. Bifunctionality of Re Supported on TiO 2 in Driving Methanol Formation in Low-Temperature CO 2 Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10734-10750. [PMID: 37614518 PMCID: PMC10442859 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and high pressure are thermodynamically more favorable conditions to achieve high conversion and high methanol selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation. However, low-temperature activity is generally very poor due to the sluggish kinetics, and thus, designing highly selective catalysts active below 200 °C is a great challenge in CO2-to-methanol conversion. Recently, Re/TiO2 has been reported as a promising catalyst. We show that Re/TiO2 is indeed more active in continuous and high-pressure (56 and 331 bar) operations at 125-200 °C compared to an industrial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, which suffers from the formation of methyl formate and its decomposition to carbon monoxide. At lower temperatures, precise understanding and control over the active surface intermediates are crucial to boosting conversion kinetics. This work aims at elucidating the nature of active sites and active species by means of in situ/operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Transient operando DRIFTS studies uncover the activation of CO2 to form active formate intermediates leading to methanol formation and also active rhenium carbonyl intermediates leading to methane over cationic Re single atoms characterized by rhenium tricarbonyl complexes. The transient techniques enable us to differentiate the active species from the spectator one on TiO2 support, such as less reactive formate originating from spillover and methoxy from methanol adsorption. The AP-XPS supports the fact that metallic Re species act as H2 activators, leading to H-spillover and importantly to hydrogenation of the active formate intermediate present over cationic Re species. The origin of the unique reactivity of Re/TiO2 was suggested as the coexistence of cationic highly dispersed Re including single atoms, driving the formation of monodentate formate, and metallic Re clusters in the vicinity, activating the hydrogenation of the formate to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nat Phongprueksathat
- Catalysis
Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands
| | - Kah Wei Ting
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Mine
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuan Jing
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ryo Toyoshima
- Department
of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department
of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Urakawa
- Catalysis
Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, Netherlands
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9
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Roger M, Artiglia L, Boucly A, Buttignol F, Agote-Arán M, van Bokhoven JA, Kröcher O, Ferri D. Improving time-resolution and sensitivity of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a powder catalyst by modulated excitation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7482-7491. [PMID: 37449079 PMCID: PMC10337771 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is a powerful tool to characterize the surface structure of heterogeneous catalysts in situ. In order to improve the time resolution and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of photoemission spectra, we collected consecutive APXP spectra during the periodic perturbation of a powder Pd/Al2O3 catalyst away from its equilibrium state according to the modulated excitation approach (ME). Averaging of the spectra along the alternate pulses of O2 and CO improved the S/N ratio demonstrating that the time resolution of the measurement can be limited solely to the acquisition time of one spectrum. Through phase sensitive analysis of the averaged time-resolved spectra, the formation/consumption dynamics of three oxidic species, two metal species, adsorbed CO on Pd0 as well as Pdn+ (n > 2) was followed along the gas switches. Pdn+ and 2-fold surface PdO species were recognised as most reactive to the gas switches. Our approach demonstrates that phase sensitive detection of time-resolved XPS data allows following the dynamics of reactive species at the solid-gas interface under different reaction environments with unprecedented precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roger
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - L Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - A Boucly
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - F Buttignol
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - M Agote-Arán
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - J A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - O Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - D Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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10
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High EA, Lee E, Reece C. A transient flow reactor for rapid gas switching at atmospheric pressure. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:2889503. [PMID: 37158700 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a design for a transient flow reactor system with high detection sensitivity and minimal dead volume, such that it is capable of sub-second switching of the gas stream flowing through a catalytic bed. We demonstrate the reactor's capabilities for step transient, pulse, and stream oscillation experiments using the model system of CO oxidation over Pd catalysts, and we find that we are able to precisely model step transients for CO oxidation using a pseudo-homogenous-packed bed reactor model. The design principles leading to minimal gas hold-up time and increased sensitivity that are described in this paper can be implemented into existing flow reactor designs with minimal cost, providing a readily accessible alternative to the existing transient instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A High
- Harvard University, Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Harvard University, Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Christian Reece
- Harvard University, Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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11
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De Coster V, Srinath NV, Yazdani P, Poelman H, Galvita VV. Modulation Engineering: Stimulation Design for Enhanced Kinetic Information from Modulation-Excitation Experiments on Catalytic Systems. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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12
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Khivantsev K, Jaegers NR, Aleksandrov HA, Song I, Pereira-Hernandez XI, Engelhard MH, Tian J, Chen L, Motta Meira D, Kovarik L, Vayssilov GN, Wang Y, Szanyi J. Single Ru(II) Ions on Ceria as a Highly Active Catalyst for Abatement of NO. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5029-5040. [PMID: 36812067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Atom trapping leads to catalysts with atomically dispersed Ru1O5 sites on (100) facets of ceria, as identified by spectroscopy and DFT calculations. This is a new class of ceria-based materials with Ru properties drastically different from the known M/ceria materials. They show excellent activity in catalytic NO oxidation, a critical step that requires use of large loadings of expensive noble metals in diesel aftertreatment systems. Ru1/CeO2 is stable during continuous cycling, ramping, and cooling as well as the presence of moisture. Furthermore, Ru1/CeO2 shows very high NOx storage properties due to formation of stable Ru-NO complexes as well as a high spill-over rate of NOx onto CeO2. Only ∼0.05 wt % of Ru is required for excellent NOx storage. Ru1O5 sites exhibit much higher stability during calcination in air/steam up to 750 °C in contrast to RuO2 nanoparticles. We clarify the location of Ru(II) ions on the ceria surface and experimentally identify the mechanism of NO storage and oxidation using DFT calculations and in situ DRIFTS/mass spectroscopy. Moreover, we show excellent reactivity of Ru1/CeO2 for NO reduction by CO at low temperatures: only 0.1-0.5 wt % of Ru is sufficient to achieve high activity. Modulation-excitation in situ infrared and XPS measurements reveal the individual elementary steps of NO reduction by CO on an atomically dispersed Ru ceria catalyst, highlighting unique properties of Ru1/CeO2 and its propensity to form oxygen vacancies/Ce+3 sites that are critical for NO reduction, even at low Ru loadings. Our study highlights the applicability of novel ceria-based single-atom catalysts to NO and CO abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Khivantsev
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Nicholas R Jaegers
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Hristiyan A Aleksandrov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1, J. Bourchier boulevard, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Inhak Song
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | | | - Mark H Engelhard
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Jinshu Tian
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Linxiao Chen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Debora Motta Meira
- Canadian Light Source: Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - Georgi N Vayssilov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1, J. Bourchier boulevard, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
| | - János Szanyi
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352 United States
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13
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Pellissier-Tanon A, Chouket R, Zhang R, Lahlou A, Espagne A, Lemarchand A, Croquette V, Jullien L, Le Saux T. Resonances at Fundamental and Harmonic Frequencies for Selective Imaging of Sine-Wave Illuminated Reversibly Photoactivatable Labels. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200295. [PMID: 35976176 PMCID: PMC10087976 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce HIGHLIGHT as a simple and general strategy to selectively image a reversibly photoactivatable fluorescent label associated with a given kinetics. The label is submitted to sine-wave illumination of large amplitude, which generates oscillations of its concentration and fluorescence at higher harmonic frequencies. For singularizing a label, HIGHLIGHT uses specific frequencies and mean light intensities associated with resonances of the amplitudes of concentration and fluorescence oscillations at harmonic frequencies. Several non-redundant resonant observables are simultaneously retrieved from a single experiment with phase-sensitive detection. HIGHLIGHT is used for selective imaging of four spectrally similar fluorescent proteins that had not been discriminated so far. Moreover, labels out of targeted locations can be discarded in an inhomogeneous spatial profile of illumination. HIGHLIGHT opens roads for simplified optical setups at reduced cost and easier maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Pellissier-Tanon
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Raja Chouket
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ruikang Zhang
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aliénor Lahlou
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Espagne
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annie Lemarchand
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée (LPTMC), 4, Place Jussieu, Case Courrier 121, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Vincent Croquette
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Département de Physique and Département de Biologie, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, F-, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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14
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Chiarello GL, Bernareggi M, Selli E. Redox Dynamics of Pt and Cu Nanoparticles on TiO 2 during the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions Studied by In Situ Modulated Excitation X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Chiarello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Bernareggi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Selli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133Milano, Italy
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15
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Gomes BF, Prokop M, Bystron T, Loukrakpam R, Melke J, Lobo CMS, Fink M, Zhu M, Voloshina E, Kutter M, Hoffmann H, Yusenko KV, Buzanich AG, Röder B, Bouzek K, Paulus B, Roth C. Following Adsorbed Intermediates on a Platinum Gas Diffusion Electrode in H 3PO 3-Containing Electrolytes Using In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F. Gomes
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Martin Prokop
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Bystron
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Rameshwori Loukrakpam
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Julia Melke
- Department for Applied Electrochemistry, Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, Pfinztal 76327, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Carlos M. S. Lobo
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Michael Fink
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Mengshu Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Elena Voloshina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kutter
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hoffmann
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Kirill V. Yusenko
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Bettina Röder
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Chair of Electrochemical Process Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
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16
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Ziemba M, Weyel J, Hess C. Approaching C1 Reaction Mechanisms Using Combined Operando and Transient Analysis: A Case Study on Cu/CeO 2 Catalysts during the LT-Water–Gas Shift Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ziemba
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jakob Weyel
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Hess
- Eduard Zintl Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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17
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Xu W, Zhang G, Shou H, Zhou J, Chen S, Chu S, Zhang J, Song L. Approach to electrochemical modulating differential extended X-ray absorption fine structure. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1065-1073. [PMID: 35787574 PMCID: PMC9255574 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The differential XAFS technique holds promise for detecting surface changes, which benefits many chemical applications. Phase-sensitive detection (PSD) analysis based on modulated excitation spectroscopy experiments is expected to obtain a high-quality difference spectrum, while the mathematical relationship and experiment parameters remain to be discussed. In this article, an approach to obtaining the difference spectrum from the PSD demodulated spectrum is described and its applicability in different experiment settings is discussed. The results indicate that the demodulated spectrum is almost equal to the difference spectrum when the modulating period is 20 times larger than the relaxation time constant. This approach was subsequently applied to an electrochemical modulation experiment and the demodulated spectrum was analyzed. A reversible lattice shrinking is observed via the fitting of demodulated spectra, which is proportional to the charge amount on the electrode. This approach could be used to quantitatively analyze the modulated excitation XAS data and holds promise for a wide range of electrochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guikai Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shou
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Wan G, Zhang G, Chen JZ, Toney MF, Miller JT, Tassone CJ. Reaction-Mediated Transformation of Working Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Johnny Zhu Chen
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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19
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Poths P, Alexandrova AN. Theoretical Perspective on Operando Spectroscopy of Fluxional Nanocatalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4321-4334. [PMID: 35536346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in operando spectroscopy have enabled the catalysis community to investigate the dynamic nature of catalysts under operating conditions with increasing detail. Still, the highly dynamic nature of some catalysts, such as fluxional supported subnano clusters, presents a formidable challenge even for the most state-of-the-art techniques. The reason is that such fluxional catalytic interfaces contain a variety of thermally accessible states. Operando spectroscopies used in catalysis generally fall into two categories: ensemble-based techniques, which provide spectra containing the signals of the entire ensemble of states of the catalyst and are not necessarily dominated by the most active species, and localized techniques, which provide atomistic-level information about the dynamics of active sites in a very small area, which might not include the most active species. Combining many different kinds of techniques can provide detailed insight; however, we propose that effective utilization of specific computational techniques and approaches within the fluxionality paradigm can fill the gap and enable atomistic characterization of the most relevant catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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20
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Zabilska A, Clark AH, Moskowitz BM, Wachs IE, Kakiuchi Y, Copéret C, Nachtegaal M, Kröcher O, Safonova OV. Redox Dynamics of Active VO x Sites Promoted by TiO x during Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethanol Detected by Operando Quick XAS. JACS AU 2022; 2:762-776. [PMID: 35388376 PMCID: PMC8977985 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titania-supported vanadia (VO x /TiO2) catalysts exhibit outstanding catalytic in a number of selective oxidation and reduction processes. In spite of numerous investigations, the nature of redox transformations of vanadium and titanium involved in various catalytic processes remains difficult to detect and correlate to the rate of products formation. In this work, we studied the redox dynamics of active sites in a bilayered 5% V2O5/15% TiO2/SiO2 catalyst (consisting of submonolayer VO x species anchored onto a TiO x monolayer, which in turn is supported on SiO2) during the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol. The VO x species in 5% V2O5/15% TiO2/SiO2 show high selectivity to acetaldehyde and an ca. 40 times higher acetaldehyde formation rate in comparison to VO x species supported on SiO2 with a similar density. Operando time-resolved V and Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, coupled with a transient experimental strategy, quantitatively showed that the formation of acetaldehyde over 5% V2O5/15% TiO2/SiO2 is kinetically coupled to the formation of a V4+ intermediate, while the formation of V3+ is delayed and 10-70 times slower. The low-coordinated nature of various redox states of VO x species (V5+, V4+, and V3+) in the 5% V2O5/15% TiO2/SiO2 catalyst is confirmed using the extensive database of V K-edge XANES spectra of standards and specially synthesized molecular crystals. Much weaker redox activity of the Ti4+/Ti3+ couple was also detected; however, it was found to not be kinetically coupled to the rate-determining step of ethanol oxidation. Thus, the promoter effect of TiO x is rather complex. TiO x species might be involved in a fast electron transport between VO x species and might affect the electronic structure of VO x , thereby promoting their reducibility. This study demonstrates the high potential of element-specific operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy for uncovering complex catalytic mechanisms involving the redox kinetics of various metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zabilska
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin M. Moskowitz
- Operando Molecular Spectroscopy &
Catalysis Laboratory,
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Operando Molecular Spectroscopy &
Catalysis Laboratory,
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuya Kakiuchi
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Weyel J, Ziemba M, Hess C. Elucidating Active CO–Au Species on Au/CeO2(111): A Combined Modulation Excitation DRIFTS and Density Functional Theory Study. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn this work we elucidate the main steps of the CO oxidation mechanism over Au/CeO2(111), clarifying the course of CO adsorption at a broad variety of surface sites as well as of transmutations of one CO species into another. By combining transient spectroscopy with DFT calculations we provide new evidence that the active centers for CO conversion are single gold atoms. To gain insight into the reaction mechanism, we employ Modulation Excitation (ME) DRIFT spectroscopy in combination with the mathematical tool of Phase Sensitive Detection to identify the active species and perform DFT calculations to facilitate the assignments of the observed bands. The transient nature of the ME-DRIFTS method allows us to sort the observed species temporally, providing further mechanistic insight. Our study highlights the potential of combined transient spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (DFT) to clarify the role of adsorbates observed and to elucidate the reaction mechanism of CO oxidation over supported gold and other noble-metal catalysts.
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22
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Nuguid RJG, Ortino-Ghini L, Suskevich VL, Yang J, Lietti L, Kröcher O, Ferri D. Interconversion between Lewis and Brønsted-Lowry acid sites on vanadia-based catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4555-4561. [PMID: 35129188 PMCID: PMC8849005 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid sites (LAS) and Brønsted–Lowry acid sites (BAS) play key roles in many catalytic processes, particularly in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides with ammonia. Here we show that temperature, gas feed, and catalyst composition affect the interplay between LAS and BAS on vanadia-based materials under SCR-relevant conditions. While different LAS typically manifest as a single collective peak in the steady-state spectra, their individual signals could be isolated through the increased sensitivity of transient experimentation. Furthermore, water could increase BAS not just by converting pre-existing LAS, but also by generating spontaneously new acid sites. These results pave the way for understanding the relationship between LAS and BAS, and how their ratio determines the reactivity of vanadia-based catalysts not just in SCR but in other chemical transformations as well. Temperature, gas feed, and catalyst composition affect the interplay between Lewis acid sites (LAS) and Brønsted–Lowry acid sites (BAS). Water increases BAS not just by converting pre-existing LAS, but also by generating spontaneously new acid sites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Jeremiah G Nuguid
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Ortino-Ghini
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jie Yang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Luca Lietti
- Department of Chemistry, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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23
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Branched versus Linear Structure: Lowering the CO2 Desorption Temperature of Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Silica Adsorbents. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the regeneration temperature for solid CO2-capture materials is one of the critical tasks for economizing CO2-capturing processes. Based on reported pKa values and nucleophilicity, we compared two different polyethylenimines (PEIs): branched PEI (BPEI) and linear PEI (LPEI). LPEI outperformed BPEI in terms of adsorption and desorption properties. Because LPEI is a solid below 73–75 °C, even a high loading amount of LPEI can effectively adsorb CO2 without diffusive barriers. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) demonstrated that the desorption peak top dropped to 50.8 °C for LPEI, compared to 78.0 °C for BPEI. We also revisited the classical adsorption model of CO2 on secondary amines by using in situ modulation excitation IR spectroscopy, and proposed a new adsorption configuration, R1(R2)-NCOOH. Even though LPEI is more expensive than BPEI, considering the long-term operation of a CO2-capturing system, the low regeneration temperature makes LPEI attractive for industrial applications.
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24
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Have ICT, Kromwijk JJG, Monai M, Ferri D, Sterk EB, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Uncovering the reaction mechanism behind CoO as active phase for CO 2 hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:324. [PMID: 35031615 PMCID: PMC8760247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and fuels, is a promising tool for environmental and industrial purposes. Here, we present catalysts comprising of cobalt (oxide) nanoparticles stabilized on various support oxides for hydrocarbon production from carbon dioxide. We demonstrate that the activity and selectivity can be tuned by selection of the support oxide and cobalt oxidation state. Modulated excitation (ME) diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reveals that cobalt oxide catalysts follows the hydrogen-assisted pathway, whereas metallic cobalt catalysts mainly follows the direct dissociation pathway. Contrary to the commonly considered metallic active phase of cobalt-based catalysts, cobalt oxide on titania support is the most active catalyst in this study and produces 11% C2+ hydrocarbons. The C2+ selectivity increases to 39% (yielding 104 mmol h-1 gcat-1 C2+ hydrocarbons) upon co-feeding CO and CO2 at a ratio of 1:2 at 250 °C and 20 bar, thus outperforming the majority of typical cobalt-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Ten Have
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josepha J G Kromwijk
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Monai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ellen B Sterk
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Waheed A, Cao C, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Li G. Insight into Au/ZnO catalyzed aerobic benzyl alcohol oxidation by modulation–excitation attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemisorbed or dissociated oxygen species is associated with the catalytic activity in alcohol oxidation catalyzed by Au/ZnO catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Waheed
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Changhai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Biochemical Engineering, SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petro-chemicals, Dalian 116045, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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26
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Rivera Rocabado DS, Noguchi TG, Hayashi S, Maeda N, Yamauchi M, Ishimoto T. Adsorption States of N 2/H 2 Activated on Ru Nanoparticles Uncovered by Modulation-Excitation Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20079-20086. [PMID: 34860010 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption states of N2 and H2 on MgO-supported Ru nanoparticles under conditions close to those of ammonia synthesis (AS; 1 atm, 250 °C) were uncovered by modulation-excitation infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations using a nanoscale Ru particle model. The two most intense N2 adsorption peaks corresponded to the vertical chemisorption of N2 on the nanoparticle's top and bridge sites, while the remaining peaks were assigned to horizontally adsorbed N2 in view of the site heterogeneity of Ru nanoparticles. Long-term observations showed that vertically adsorbed N2 molecules gradually migrated from the top sites to the bridge sites. Compared to those adsorbed vertically, N2 molecules adsorbed horizontally exhibited a lower dipole moment, an increased N─N bond distance, and a decreased N─N bond order (i.e., were activated), which was ascribed to enhanced Ru-to-N charge transfer. H2 molecules were preferentially adsorbed horizontally on top sites and then rapidly dissociated to afford strongly surface-bound H atoms and thus block the active sites of Ru nanoparticles. Our results clarify the controversial adsorption/desorption behavior of N2 and H2 on AS catalysts and facilitate their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rivera Rocabado
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tomohiro G Noguchi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shio Hayashi
- International College of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Maeda
- Institute of Materials and Process Engineering (IMPE), Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Miho Yamauchi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Gaur A, Stehle M, Serrer MA, Stummann MZ, La Fontaine C, Briois V, Grunwaldt JD, Høj M. Using Transient XAS to Detect Minute Levels of Reversible S-O Exchange at the Active Sites of MoS2-Based Hydrotreating Catalysts: Effect of Metal Loading, Promotion, Temperature, and Oxygenate Reactant. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany
| | - Marc-André Serrer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany
| | - Magnus Zingler Stummann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Camille La Fontaine
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, UR1-CNRS, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP48, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur Yvette F-91192, France
| | - Valérie Briois
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, UR1-CNRS, L’Orme des Merisiers, BP48, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur Yvette F-91192, France
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, Karlsruhe D-76131, Germany
| | - Martin Høj
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads 228A, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Sun G, Sautet P. Active Site Fluxional Restructuring as a New Paradigm in Triggering Reaction Activity for Nanocluster Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3841-3849. [PMID: 34582175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The rationale of the catalytic activity observed in experiments is a crucial task in fundamental catalysis studies. Efficient catalyst design relies on an accurate understanding of the origin of the activity at the atomic level. Theoretical studies have been widely developed to reach such a fundamental atomic scale understanding of catalytic activity. Current theories ascribe the catalytic activity to the geometric and electronic structure of the active site, in which the geometrical and electronic structure effects are derived from the equilibrium geometry of active sites characterizing the static property of the catalyst; however catalysts, especially in the form of nanoclusters, may present fluxional and dynamic structure under reaction conditions, and the effect of this fluxional behavior is not yet widely recognized. Therefore, this Account will focus on the fluxionality of the active sites, which is driven by thermal fluctuations under finite temperature.Under reaction conditions, nanocluster catalysts can readily restructure, either being promoted to another metastable isomer (named as plastic fluxionality) or presenting ample deformations around their equilibrium geometry (named as elastic fluxionality). This Account summarizes our recent studies on the fluxionality of the nanoclusters and how plastic and elastic fluxionalities play roles in highly efficient reaction pathways. Our results show that the low energy metastable isomers formed by plastic fluxionality can manifest high reactivity despite their minor occurrence probability in the mixture of catalyst isomers. In the end, the highly active metastable isomer may dominate the total observed reactivity. In addition, the isomerization between the global minimum structure and the highly active metastable isomer can be a central step in catalytic transformations in order to circumvent some difficult reaction steps and may govern the overall mechanism. In addition, the thermal fluctuation driven elastic fluxionality is also found to play a key role, complementary to plastic fluxionality. The elastic fluxionality creates substantial structural deformations of the active site, and these deformed geometries enable low activation energies and high catalytic activity, which cannot be found from the static equilibrium geometry of the catalyst. A dedicated global activity search algorithm is proposed to search for the optimal reaction pathway on fluxional nanoclusters. In summary, our studies demonstrate that thermal-driven fluxionality provides a different paradigm for understanding the high activity of nanoclusters under reaction conditions beyond the static description of geometric and electronic structure. We first summarize our previous results and then provide a perspective for further studies on how to investigate and take the advantage of the fluxional geometry of nanoclusters. We will defend in this Account that the static picture for the active site is not complete and might miss critical reaction pathways that are highly efficient and only open after thermally induced restructuring of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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29
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Solis-Garcia A, Zepeda TA, Fierro-Gonzalez JC. Spectroscopic evidence of surface species during CO2 methanation catalyzed by supported metals: A review. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Czioska S, Boubnov A, Escalera-López D, Geppert J, Zagalskaya A, Röse P, Saraçi E, Alexandrov V, Krewer U, Cherevko S, Grunwaldt JD. Increased Ir–Ir Interaction in Iridium Oxide during the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Potentials Probed by Operando Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Czioska
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexey Boubnov
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Escalera-López
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janis Geppert
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zagalskaya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Philipp Röse
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vitaly Alexandrov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute for Applied Materials—Electrochemical Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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31
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Krishna SH, Jones CB, Gounder R. Dynamic Interconversion of Metal Active Site Ensembles in Zeolite Catalysis. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:115-136. [PMID: 33826852 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis science is founded on understanding the structure, number, and reactivity of active sites. Kinetic models that consider active sites to be static and noninteracting entities are routinely successful in describing the behavior of heterogeneous catalysts. Yet, active site ensembles often restructure in response to their external environment and even during steady-state catalytic turnover, sometimes requiring non-mean-field kinetic treatments to describe distance-dependent interactions among sites. Such behavior is being recognized more frequently in modern catalysis research, with the advent of experimental methods to quantify turnover rates with increasing precision, an expanding arsenal of operando characterization tools, and computational descriptions of atomic structure and motion at chemical potentials and timescales increasingly relevant to reaction conditions. This review focuses on dynamic changes to metal active site ensembles on zeolite supports, which are silica-based crystalline materials substituted with Al that generate binding sites for isolated and low-nuclearity metal site ensembles. Metal sites can become solvated and mobilized during reaction, facilitating interactions among sites that change their nuclearity and function. Such intersite communication can be regulated by the zeolite support, resulting in non-single-site and potentially non-mean-field kinetic behavior arising from mechanisms of catalytic action that combine elements of those canonically associated with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.We discuss recent literature examples that document dynamic active site behavior in metal-zeolites and outline methodologies to identify and interpret such behavior. We conclude with our outlook on future research directions to develop this evolving branch of catalysis science and harness it for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth H Krishna
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Casey B Jones
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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32
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Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is typically not used to establish the oxidation state of metal-based catalysts. In this work, we show that the baseline of spectra collected in diffuse reflectance mode of a series of Pd/Al2O3 samples of increasing Pd content varies significantly and reversibly under alternate pulses of CO or H2 and O2. Moreover, these baseline changes are proportional to the Pd content in Pd/Al2O3 samples exhibiting comparable Pd particle size. Similar measurements by X-ray absorption spectroscopy on a different 2 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 confirm that the baseline changes reflect the reversible reduction-oxidation of Pd. Hence, we demonstrate that changes in oxidation state of metal-based catalysts can be determined using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and that this behavior is part of the spectral changes that are returned by experiments under operando conditions.
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33
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Bimetallic AuPd@CeO2 Nanoparticles Supported on Potassium Titanate Nanobelts: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Reduction of NO with CO. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Support effects in iridium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol studied by modulation-excitation attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Hess C. New advances in using Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of catalysts and catalytic reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3519-3564. [PMID: 33501926 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the mode of operation of heterogeneous catalysts is of great scientific and economic interest. Raman spectroscopy has proven its potential as a powerful vibrational spectroscopic technique for a fundamental and molecular-level characterization of catalysts and catalytic reactions. Raman spectra provide important insight into reaction mechanisms by revealing specific information on the catalysts' (defect) structure in the bulk and at the surface, as well as the presence of adsorbates and reaction intermediates. Modern Raman instrumentation based on single-stage spectrometers allows high throughput and versatility in design of in situ/operando cells to study working catalysts. This review highlights major advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts made during the past decade, including the development of new methods and potential directions of research for applying Raman spectroscopy to working catalysts. The main focus will be on gas-solid catalytic reactions, but (photo)catalytic reactions in the liquid phase will be touched on if it appears appropriate. The discussion begins with the main instrumentation now available for applying vibrational Raman spectroscopy to catalysis research, including in situ/operando cells for studying gas-solid catalytic processes. The focus then moves to the different types of information available from Raman spectra in the bulk and on the surface of solid catalysts, including adsorbates and surface depositions, as well as the use of theoretical calculations to facilitate band assignments and to describe (resonance) Raman effects. This is followed by a presentation of major developments in enhancing the Raman signal of heterogeneous catalysts by use of UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and shell-isolated nanoparticle surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The application of time-resolved Raman studies to structural and kinetic characterization is then discussed. Finally, recent developments in spatially resolved Raman analysis of catalysts and catalytic processes are presented, including the use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). The review concludes with an outlook on potential future developments and applications of Raman spectroscopy in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hess
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Abstract
Chemical processes often exhibit nonlinear dynamics and tend to generate complex state trajectories, which present challenging operational problems due to complexities such as output multiplicity, oscillation, and even chaos. For this reason, a complete knowledge of the static and dynamic nature of these behaviors is required to understand, to operate, to control, and to optimize continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Through nonlinear analysis, the possibility of output multiplicity, self-sustained oscillation, and torus dynamics are studied in this paper. Specifically, output multiplicity is investigated in a case-by-case basis, and related operation and control strategies are discussed. Bifurcation analysis to identify different dynamic behaviors of a CSTR is also implemented, where operational parameters are identified to obtain self-oscillatory dynamics and possible unsteady-state operation strategy through designing the CSTR as self-sustained periodic. Finally, a discussion on codimension-1 bifurcations of limits cycles is also provided for the exploration of periodic forcing on self-oscillators. Through this synergistic study on the CSTRs, possible output multiplicity, oscillatory, and chaotic dynamics facilitates the implementation of novel operation/control strategies for the process industry.
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37
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Recent Advances in the Understanding of Boron-Containing Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Alkanes to Olefins. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Wang S, Cendejas MC, Hermans I. Insights into Ethanol Coupling over Hydroxyapatite using Modulation Excitation
Operando
Infrared Spectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Melissa C. Cendejas
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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39
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De Coster V, Poelman H, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Galvita VV. Designing Nanoparticles and Nanoalloys for Gas-Phase Catalysis with Controlled Surface Reactivity Using Colloidal Synthesis and Atomic Layer Deposition. Molecules 2020; 25:E3735. [PMID: 32824236 PMCID: PMC7464189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported nanoparticles are commonly applied in heterogeneous catalysis. The catalytic performance of these solid catalysts is, for a given support, dependent on the nanoparticle size, shape, and composition, thus necessitating synthesis techniques that allow for preparing these materials with fine control over those properties. Such control can be exploited to deconvolute their effects on the catalyst's performance, which is the basis for knowledge-driven catalyst design. In this regard, bottom-up synthesis procedures based on colloidal chemistry or atomic layer deposition (ALD) have proven successful in achieving the desired level of control for a variety of fundamental studies. This review aims to give an account of recent progress made in the two aforementioned synthesis techniques for the application of controlled catalytic materials in gas-phase catalysis. For each technique, the focus goes to mono- and bimetallic materials, as well as to recent efforts in enhancing their performance by embedding colloidal templates in porous oxide phases or by the deposition of oxide overlayers via ALD. As a recent extension to the latter, the concept of area-selective ALD for advanced atomic-scale catalyst design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentijn De Coster
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
| | - Hilde Poelman
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (V.D.C.); (H.P.)
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40
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Strong Activity Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Degradation of an Azo Dye on Au/TiO2 Doped with FeOx. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The doping of Au/TiO2 with FeOx is shown to result in a strong enhancement of its photocatalytic activity in the degradation of the azo dye Orange II. In order to examine the source of this enhancement, Au-FeOx/TiO2 nanocomposites containing different molar ratios of Au:Fe were synthesized, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analyses indicated that the TiO2-supported Au nanoparticles were partially covered with an amorphous layer of FeOx species, in which the iron was present as Fe2+ and Fe3+. The metal-semiconductor system, i.e., Au/TiO2, showed only a moderate degradation rate, whereas doping with FeOx strongly enhanced the degradation activity. The bandgap energy decreased gradually from Au/TiO2 (3.13 eV) to the catalyst with the highest FeOx loading Au-FeOx (1:2)/TiO2 (2.23 eV), and this decrease was accompanied by a steady increase in the degradation activity of the catalysts. XPS analyses revealed that compared to Au/TiO2, on Au-FeOx/TiO2 a much higher population density of chemisorbed and/or dissociated oxygen species was generated, which together with the decreased bandgap resulted in the highest photocatalytic activity observed with Au-FeOx (1:2)/TiO2. The processes occurring during reaction on the catalyst surface and in the bulk liquid phase were investigated using operando attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy (ATR-IR) combined with modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES), which showed that the doping of Au/TiO2 with FeOx weakens the interaction of the dye with the catalyst surface and strongly enhances the cleavage of the azo bond.
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41
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Baranowski CJ, Fovanna T, Roger M, Signorile M, McCaig J, Bahmanpour AM, Ferri D, Kröcher O. Water Inhibition of Oxymethylene Dimethyl Ether Synthesis over Zeolite H-Beta: A Combined Kinetic and in Situ ATR-IR Study. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe J. Baranowski
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Fovanna
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Maneka Roger
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Signorile
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Centre and INSTM Reference Center, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Joseph McCaig
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali M. Bahmanpour
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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42
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CO2 Methanation over Rh/CeO2 Studied with Infrared Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy and Phase Sensitive Detection. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane is a well-established fuel molecule whose production from CO 2 through methanation garners increasing interest as an energy storage solution. While often produced with Ni based catalysts, other metals are of interest thanks to higher robustness and activity-selectivity numbers. The Rh/CeO 2 catalyst has shown appreciable properties for CO 2 methanation and its structural dynamics has been studied in situ. However, the reaction pathway is unknown. Here, we present infrared modulation excitation spectroscopy measurements with phase sensitive detection of a Rh/CeO 2 catalyst adsorbate composition during H 2 pulsing (0–2 vol.%) to a constant CO 2 (0.5 vol.%) feed. Various carbonyl (CO) and carbonate (b-CO 3 /p-CO 3 ) ad-species clearly respond to the hydrogen stimulus, making them potential reaction intermediates. The different CO ad-species are likely intermediates for product CO and CH 4 but their individual contributions to the respective formations are not unambiguously ascertained. As for the carbonate dynamics, it might be linked to the reduction/oxidation of the CeO 2 surface upon H 2 pulsing. Formate (HCOO) ad-species are clearly visible but appear to be, if not spectators, linked to slow side reactions possibly also affected by CeO 2 redox processes.
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43
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Gould NS, Li S, Cho HJ, Landfield H, Caratzoulas S, Vlachos D, Bai P, Xu B. Understanding solvent effects on adsorption and protonation in porous catalysts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1060. [PMID: 32103007 PMCID: PMC7044222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent selection is a pressing challenge in developing efficient and selective liquid phase catalytic processes, as predictive understanding of the solvent effect remains lacking. In this work, an attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy technique is developed to quantitatively measure adsorption isotherms on porous materials in solvent and decouple the thermodynamic contributions of van der Waals interactions within zeolite pore walls from those of pore-phase proton transfer. While both the pore diameter and the solvent identity dramatically impact the confinement (adsorption) step, the solvent identity plays a dominant role in proton-transfer. Combined computational and experimental investigations show increasingly favorable pore-phase proton transfer to pyridine in the order: water < acetonitrile < 1,4 – dioxane. Equilibrium methods unaffected by mass transfer limitations are outlined for quantitatively estimating fundamental thermodynamic values using statistical thermodynamics. Liquid phase reactions mediated by solid catalysts occur in the presence of solvents whose role needs to be understood. The authors use attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy to measure liquid-phase pyridine adsorption isotherms in zeolites, elucidating the effect of coadsorbed solvents on the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Gould
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sha Li
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Hong Je Cho
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Harrison Landfield
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Stavros Caratzoulas
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Dionisios Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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44
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Cavell AC, Krasecki VK, Li G, Sharma A, Sun H, Thompson MP, Forman CJ, Guo SY, Hickman RJ, Parrish KA, Aspuru-Guzik A, Cronin L, Gianneschi NC, Goldsmith RH. Optical monitoring of polymerizations in droplets with high temporal dynamic range. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2647-2656. [PMID: 34084323 PMCID: PMC8157680 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to optically monitor a chemical reaction and generate an in situ readout is an important enabling technology, with applications ranging from the monitoring of reactions in flow, to the critical assessment step for combinatorial screening, to mechanistic studies on single reactant and catalyst molecules. Ideally, such a method would be applicable to many polymers and not require only a specific monomer for readout. It should also be applicable if the reactions are carried out in microdroplet chemical reactors, which offer a route to massive scalability in combinatorial searches. We describe a convenient optical method for monitoring polymerization reactions, fluorescence polarization anisotropy monitoring, and show that it can be applied in a robotically generated microdroplet. Further, we compare our method to an established optical reaction monitoring scheme, the use of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) dyes, and find the two monitoring schemes offer sensitivity to different temporal regimes of the polymerization, meaning that the combination of the two provides an increased temporal dynamic range. Anisotropy is sensitive at early times, suggesting it will be useful for detecting new polymerization "hits" in searches for new reactivity, while the AIE dye responds at longer times, suggesting it will be useful for detecting reactions capable of reaching higher molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Cavell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Veronica K Krasecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building, University Avenue Glasgow Scotland G12 8QQ UK
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Si Yue Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Riley J Hickman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Katherine A Parrish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto 40 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Senior Fellow Toronto Ontario M5S 1M1 Canada
- CIFAR Artificial Intelligence Chair, Vector Institute Toronto Ontario M5S 1M1 Canada
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building, University Avenue Glasgow Scotland G12 8QQ UK
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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45
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Zhai C, Palazoglu A, Sun W. A study of periodic operation in bioprocess systems: Internal and external oscillations. Comput Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Aguirre A, Collins SE. Design of an optimized DRIFT cell/microreactor for spectrokinetic investigations of surface reaction mechanisms. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Greenaway AG, Marberger A, Thetford A, Lezcano-González I, Agote-Arán M, Nachtegaal M, Ferri D, Kröcher O, Catlow CRA, Beale AM. Detection of key transient Cu intermediates in SSZ-13 during NH 3-SCR deNO x by modulation excitation IR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:447-455. [PMID: 32190265 PMCID: PMC7067242 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The small pore zeolite Cu-SSZ-13 is an efficient material for the standard selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) by ammonia (NH3). In this work, Cu-SSZ-13 has been studied at 250 °C under high conversion using a modulation excitation approach and analysed with phase sensitive detection (PSD). While the complementary X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy measurements showed that the experiments were performed under cyclic Cu+/Cu2+ redox, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments provide spectroscopic evidence for previously postulated intermediates Cu-N([double bond, length as m-dash]O)-NH2 and Cu-NO3 in the NH3-SCR deNO x mechanism and for the role of [Cu2+(OH-)]+. These results therefore help in building towards a more comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism which to date has only been postulated in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Greenaway
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | | | - Adam Thetford
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Inés Lezcano-González
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Miren Agote-Arán
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | | | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | | | - C Richard A Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK.,Cardiff Catalysis Institute , School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK
| | - Andrew M Beale
- UK Catalysis Hub , Research Complex at Harwell , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0FA , UK . .,Department of Chemistry , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
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48
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Serrer MA, Gaur A, Jelic J, Weber S, Fritsch C, Clark AH, Saraçi E, Studt F, Grunwaldt JD. Structural dynamics in Ni–Fe catalysts during CO2 methanation – role of iron oxide clusters. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Operando XAS coupled with MES supported by DFT unravel the highly dynamic nature of Ni–Fe catalysts during CO2 methanation and beneficial formation of iron oxide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Serrer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Charlotte Fritsch
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Adam H. Clark
- SuperXAS beamline
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | - Erisa Saraçi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
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49
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Witzke ME, Almithn A, Conrad CL, Triezenberg MD, Hibbitts DD, Flaherty DW. In Situ Methods for Identifying Reactive Surface Intermediates during Hydrogenolysis Reactions: C–O Bond Cleavage on Nanoparticles of Nickel and Nickel Phosphides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16671-16684. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Witzke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Almithn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Christian L. Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mark D. Triezenberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David D. Hibbitts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David W. Flaherty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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50
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Nuguid RJG, Ferri D, Marberger A, Nachtegaal M, Kröcher O. Modulated Excitation Raman Spectroscopy of V2O5/TiO2: Mechanistic Insights into the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Jeremiah G. Nuguid
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Marberger
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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