1
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Li M, Chen Y, Kong Z, Sun Z, Qian L. Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18151-18164. [PMID: 37251156 PMCID: PMC10210028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), excellent flame retardancy and transparency are required. However, higher flame retardancy is often at the expense of transparency. It is difficult to achieve high flame retardancy while maintaining the transparency of TPU. In this work, a kind of TPU composite with good flame retardancy and light transmittance was obtained by adding a new synthetic flame retardant named DCPCD, which was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriamine and diphenyl phosphorochloridate. Experimental results showed that 6.0 wt % DCPCD endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.3%, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU composite was dramatically reduced from 1292 kW/m2 (pure TPU) to 514 kW/m2 by adding only 1 wt % DCPCD. With the increase of DCPCD contents, the PHRR and total heat release gradually decreased, and the char residue gradually increased. More importantly, the addition of DCPCD has little effect on the transparency and haze of TPU composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and composition of the char residue for TPU/DCPCD composites and explore the flame retardant mechanism of DCPCD in TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zimeng Kong
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
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2
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Wu J, Bi J, Xu B, Fu L, Hao W. Enhanced Flame Retardancy of Styrene-Acrylic Emulsion Based Damping Composites Based on an APP/EG Flame-Retardant System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16113894. [PMID: 37297028 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing flame-retarded styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) based damping composites is a challenging task because of their very high flammability. A promising approach is the synergistic combination of expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). In this study, the surface modification of APP was modified by commercial titanate coupling agent ndz-201 through ball milling, and the SAE-based composite material was prepared with SAE and different ratios of modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) and EG. The surface of MAPP was successfully chemically modified by NDZ-201 through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), and contact angle. The effects of different ratios of MAPP and EG on the dynamic and static mechanical properties and flame retardancy of composite materials were explored. The results showed that when MAPP:EG = 1:4, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composite material was 52.5%, and the vertical burning test (UL-94) was at the V0 level. Its LOI increased by 141.9% compared to the composite materials without flame retardant. The optimized formulation of MAPP and EG in SAE-based damping composite materials showed a significant synergistic effect on the flame retardancy of the composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jianhua Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Baoluo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Lisha Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Wanjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
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3
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Zhao C, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Peng H, Esmaeili N. Synergistic action of expandable graphite on fire safety of a self‐intumescent flame retardant epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Shou Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Yi‐Song Jiang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Zhuang‐Yuan Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Hua‐Qiao Peng
- Civil Aviation Fuel & Chemical Airworthiness Certification Center the Second Research Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China Chengdu China
| | - Nima Esmaeili
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden
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4
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Yadav A, de Souza FM, Dawsey T, Gupta RK. Recent Advancements in Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Yadav
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Felipe M. de Souza
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Tim Dawsey
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
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5
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Gao Q, Zhao H, Zhou XL, Liu FY, Jiao YH, Xie JX, Qu HQ, Xu JZ, Ma HY. Flame retardant, combustion and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene composites treated with the mixture of pentaerythritol, nickel hydroxystannate and expandable graphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Liang S, Liu J, Guo Y, Luo J, Liu H, Peng S. Role of expandable graphite on flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and acid resistance of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Jichun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Yiming Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Shuge Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Waste Resource Utilization Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co‐construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non‐ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology Luoyang China
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7
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Chan YY, Schartel B. It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132562. [PMID: 35808608 PMCID: PMC9269610 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high flammability and smoke toxicity of polyurethane foams (PUFs) during burning, distinct efficient combinations of flame retardants are demanded to improve the fire safety of PUFs in practical applications. This feature article focuses on one of the most impressive halogen-free combinations in PUFs: expandable graphite (EG) and phosphorus-based flame retardants (P-FRs). The synergistic effect of EG and P-FRs mainly superimposes the two modes of action, charring and maintaining a thermally insulating residue morphology, to bring effective flame retardancy to PUFs. Specific interactions between EG and P-FRs, including the agglutination of the fire residue consisting of expanded-graphite worms, yields an outstanding synergistic effect, making this approach the latest champion to fulfill the demanding requirements for flame-retarded PUFs. Current and future topics such as the increasing use of renewable feedstock are also discussed in this article.
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8
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Bachinger A, Sandinge A, Lindqvist KM, Strid A, Gong G. Systematic evaluation of bromine‐free flame‐retardant systems in
acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Strid
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB Stockholm Sweden
| | - Guan Gong
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB Öjebyn Sweden
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9
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Li J, Wu J, Wei X, Yu Q, Han Y, Yu J, Wang Z. High-Performance TPE-S Modified by a Flame-Retardant System Based on Black Phosphorus Nanosheets. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4224-4233. [PMID: 35155915 PMCID: PMC8829866 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) were used to prepare a flame-retardant thermoplastic elastomer based on polystyrene (TPE-S) for the first time. Compared with neat TPE-S, BP-modified TPE-S with a phosphorus content of 7.98% (TPE-S/BP-7.98) passed the UL-94 vertical burning V-0 rating, and the limiting oxygen index value increased to 24.0%. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release, and the average combustion effective heat of TPE-S/BP-7.98 were decreased by 61.8, 26.0, and 35.3%, respectively. The time to PHRR was increased from 90 s (neat TPE-S) to 170 s. Scanning electron microscopy of frozen fracture sections showed favorable compatibility and dispersibility of BPs in TPE-S. In addition, the introduction of BPs showed the most negligible effect on the mechanical properties of TPE-S compared with other flame retardants (aluminum hypophosphite and red phosphorus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jun Wu
- R&D
Department, Qingdao Fusilin Chemical Science
& Technology Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xianzhe Wei
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yuxi Han
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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10
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Yang J, Chen X, Zhou H, Guo W, Zhang J, Miao Z, He D. Synergistic effect of expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite in flame‐retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weichun Guo
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhen Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Daihua He
- School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
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11
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Chan YY, Ma C, Zhou F, Hu Y, Schartel B. A liquid phosphorous flame retardant combined with expandable graphite or melamine in flexible polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yam Chan
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Berlin Germany
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12
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Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams based on phosphorous soybean-oil polyol and expandable graphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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The encapsulation of intumescent flame retardants by poly-siloxane for thermoplastic polyolefin: Fire safety and water resistance. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Kang X, Liu Y, Chen N, Feng W, Liu B, Xu Y, Li J, Ding T, Fang X. Influence of modified ammonium polyphosphate on the fire behavior and mechanical properties of polyformaldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Kang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Ningxuan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Weili Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Baoying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jiantong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Tao Ding
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Flame Retardant and Functional Materials Henan University Kaifeng China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng China
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15
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Wang X, Li L, Tong Y, Dai Y, Chen W. Synthesis of Core/Shell Structured Zinc Borate/Silica and Its Surface Charring for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Li L, Wu X. Construction of an efficient ternary flame retardant system for rigid polyurethane foam based on bi‐phase flame retardant effect. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Linshan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
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17
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Zirnstein B, Schulze D, Schartel B. Combination of Phosphorous Flame Retardants and Aluminum Trihydrate in Multicomponent EPDM Composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zirnstein
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Dietmar Schulze
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin Germany
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18
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Feng Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Phosphorus‐free boron nitride/cerium oxide hybrid: A synergistic flame retardant and smoke suppressant for thermally resistant cyanate ester resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Feng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Li Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Aijuan Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material ScienceSoochow University Suzhou China
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19
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Ma MF, Pang XY, Chang R. Enhancing Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Foam with Polyphosphate Modified Expandable Graphite and Ammonium Polyphosphate. INT POLYM PROC 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The method of preparing polyolefin foam with good flame retardancy, thermal stability, and physical and mechanical properties was investigated. Foaming condition of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as plasticizer, NaHCO3 as foaming agent. The influence of modified expandable graphite (EGP) and ammonium polyphosphate (II) on foam density, compression strength, combustion characteristics and thermal stability was explored. Results verified that EGP presented better dilatability and flame retardancy than the normal expandable graphite. Addition of EGp improved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 15NaHCO3/100 LLDPETPP/30EGp foam from 18.8% to 24.6%. Furthermore, the combination of EGp and ammonium polyphosphate (II) (APP) at the mass ratio of 2:1 improved the LOI of 15NaHCO3/100 LLDPETPP/20EGp/10APP sample to 27.9%, and the vertical burning UL-94 level reached V-0, indicating that this material was flame retardant. Although these additives made 15NaHCO3/100 LLDPETPP/20EGp/10APP composite exhibit a high density of 142.5 kg m−3, which was increased by 12.3 wt% relative to the 15NaHCO3/100 LLDPETPP foam, it could improve the compressive strength to 0.4747 MPa, which was about 2.7 times that of the matrix. The thermal stability of the material was also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-F. Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University, Baoding , PRC
| | - X.-Y. Pang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University, Baoding , PRC
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province , Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding , PRC
| | - R. Chang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University, Baoding , PRC
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20
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Zhu P, Xu M, Li S, Zhang Z, Li B. Preparation and investigation of efficient flame retardant TPE composites with piperazine pyrophosphate/aluminum diethylphosphinate system. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of PetrochemistryHeilongjiang Academy of Sciences Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
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21
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Yin H, Sypaseuth FD, Schubert M, Schoch R, Bastian M, Schartel B. Routes to halogen-free flame-retardant polypropylene wood plastic composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Yin
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Fanni D. Sypaseuth
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Schubert
- SKZ-Das Kunststoff-Zentrum; Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22 97076 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rebecca Schoch
- SKZ-Das Kunststoff-Zentrum; Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22 97076 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Bastian
- SKZ-Das Kunststoff-Zentrum; Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22 97076 Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM); Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
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22
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Surface modification of magnesium hydroxide and its application in flame‐retardant oil‐extended styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhu ZM, Rao WH, Kang AH, Liao W, Wang YZ. Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Morgan
- Center for Flame Retardant Material Science, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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