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Yazdanpanah M, Fereidooni M, Márquez V, Paz CV, Saelee T, Salazar Villanueva M, Rittiruam M, Khajondetchairit P, Praserthdam S, Praserthdam P. The Underlying Catalytic Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Ketonization over TiO x Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301033. [PMID: 37724580 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, interest in converting bio-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) into added-value products has significantly increased. The selectivity of ketonization reaction in the conversion of the FAMEs has significantly hampered the efficiency of this process. Herein, this work reports the preparation of catalysts with different levels of oxygen vacancies while the crystal phase remained unchanged. The catalyst with the highest level of oxygen vacancy exhibited the maximum selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation showed an increase in interatomic distances leading to the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) upon the creation of oxygen vacancies. The surface measurements, type and density of acid sites of the catalysts, showed that the Lewis acid sites enhanced the selectivity for ketone production; while Bronsted acid sites increased the formation of by-products. Moreover, the ketone formation rate was directly proportional to acid density. The findings of this research provide a different approach for catalyst design, based on defects engineering and their effect on the surface activity, which could be used for enhancing the catalytic performance of novel metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yazdanpanah
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Fereidooni
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Victor Márquez
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - C V Paz
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tinnakorn Saelee
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martin Salazar Villanueva
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-39, CP, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Meena Rittiruam
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Khajondetchairit
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supareak Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Maluangnont T, Praserthdam P, Sooknoi T. Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids via ketonization and α-carbon scissions over layered alkali titanate catalysts under N 2. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34293-34302. [PMID: 36545579 PMCID: PMC9709662 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06530d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketonization of fatty acid with subsequent McLafferty rearrangement of the fatty ketone allows the deoxygenation to hydrocarbons. Here, we report the cascade reaction of palmitic acid (C16) to hydrocarbons (≤C14) over lepidocrocite-type alkali titanate K0.8Zn0.4Ti1.6O4, K0.8Mg0.4Ti1.6O4, and K0.8Li0.27Ti1.73O4 and the reassembled TiO2 catalysts at ≤400 °C under atmospheric N2 in a continuous fixed-bed flow reactor. The C16 acid is coupled to C31 ketone prior to the scissions mostly to a C17 methyl ketone and C14 hydrocarbons (i.e., the McLafferty rearrangement). The hydrocarbons yield increases with temperature and is proportional to partial charge at the O atom, suggesting that basic sites are responsible for C31 ketone scissions. The layered alkali titanate catalysts with two-dimensional (2D) space inhibit diffusion of the ketone primarily formed and promote its scissions to hydrocarbons within the confined space. Otherwise, low hydrocarbons yield (but high ketone yield) is obtained over TiO2 and the Mg/Al mixed oxide catalysts possessing no interlayer space. Meanwhile, the semi-batch experiment with pre-intercalated palmitic acid favors a direct deoxygenation, demonstrating the essential role of reaction mode toward ketone scission reaction pathway. Over K0.8Li0.27Ti1.73O4, the complete palmitic acid conversion leads to ∼47% hydrocarbons yield, equivalent to ∼80% reduction of the oxygen content in the feed under N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapol Maluangnont
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand,Catalytic Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand
| | - Tawan Sooknoi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology LadkrabangBangkok 10520Thailand
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Aleem SA, Asikin-Mijan N, Hussain AS, Voon CH, Dolfi A, Sivasangar S, Taufiq-Yap YH. Catalytic ketonization of palmitic acid over a series of transition metal oxides supported on zirconia oxide-based catalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31972-31982. [PMID: 35495522 PMCID: PMC9041895 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of a ZrO2 based catalyst with selected transition metals dopants has shown promising improvement in the catalytic activity of palmitic acid ketonization. Small amounts of metal oxide deposition on the surface of the ZrO2 catalyst enhances the yield of palmitone (16-hentriacontanone) as the major product with pentadecane as the largest side product. This investigation explores the effects of addition of carefully chosen metal oxides (Fe2O3, NiO, MnO2, CeO2, CuO, CoO, Cr2O3, La2O3 and ZnO) as dopants on bulk ZrO2. The catalysts are prepared via a deposition-precipitation method followed by calcination at 550 °C and characterized by XRD, BET-surface area, TPD-CO2, TPD-NH3, FESEM, TEM and XPS. The screening of synthesized catalysts was carried out with 5% catalyst loading onto 15 g of pristine palmitic acid and the reaction carried out at 340 °C for 3 h. Preliminary studies show catalytic activity improvement with addition of dopants in the order of La2O3/ZrO2 < CoO/ZrO2 < MnO2/ZrO2 with the highest palmitic acid conversion of 92% and palmitone yield of 27.7% achieved using 5% MnO2/ZrO2 catalyst. Besides, NiO/ZrO2 exhibits high selectivity exclusively for pentadecane compared to other catalysts with maximum yield of 24.9% and conversion of 64.9% is observed. Therefore, the changes in physicochemical properties of the dopant added ZrO2 catalysts and their influence in palmitic acid ketonization reaction is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Aleem
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - N Asikin-Mijan
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - A S Hussain
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - C H Voon
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi Kajang 43000 Selangor Malaysia
| | - A Dolfi
- PETRONAS Research Turin Trinità 82 10026 Santena (Turin) Italy
| | - S Sivasangar
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809
- Department of Science & Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management & Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Jalan Nyabau, Peti Surat 396 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia +6086-855743
- Institut EkoSains Borneo Universiti Putra Malaysia Sarawak Campus, Jalan Nyabau 97008 Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Y H Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCAT), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia +603-89466758 +603-89466809
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
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Caputo D, Casiello M, Laurenza AG, Fracassi F, Fusco C, Nacci A, D’Accolti L. Preparation of Biowax Esters in Continuous Flow Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12286-12292. [PMID: 31460345 PMCID: PMC6681984 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biowaxes synthesized from vegetable fatty acids are an alternative to petrochemical paraffins. A simple way of access to these compounds involves Fisher-type esterification of long-chain acids and alcohols under acidic conditions, but long reaction times and harsh conditions are commonly required. In this study, for the first time in the literature, biowax esters are prepared under flow conditions cutting dramatically both reaction times (from 12 h to 30 min) and temperature conditions, with respect to batch procedures (from 90-120 °C to 55 °C). This approach brings substantial improvements to the biowax synthesis process from an economic and environmental point of view, thus making the method up-scalable to the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caputo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Bari Section, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Casiello
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Amelita Grazia Laurenza
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Fusco
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Bari Section, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Nacci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Bari Section, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia D’Accolti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “A. Moro”, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- CNR
− Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Bari Section, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Murzin DY, Bernas A, Wärnå J, Myllyoja J, Salmi T. Ketonization kinetics of stearic acid. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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