1
|
Ma L, Zhao X, Hou J, Huang L, Yao Y, Ding Z, Wei J, Hao N. Droplet Microfluidic Devices: Working Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Scale-Up Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301406. [PMID: 38594964 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Compared with the conventional emulsification method, droplets generated within microfluidic devices exhibit distinct advantages such as precise control of fluids, exceptional monodispersity, uniform morphology, flexible manipulation, and narrow size distribution. These inherent benefits, including intrinsic safety, excellent heat and mass transfer capabilities, and large surface-to-volume ratio, have led to the widespread applications of droplet-based microfluidics across diverse fields, encompassing chemical engineering, particle synthesis, biological detection, diagnostics, emulsion preparation, and pharmaceuticals. However, despite its promising potential for versatile applications, the practical utilization of this technology in commercial and industrial is extremely limited to the inherently low production rates achievable within a single microchannel. Over the past two decades, droplet-based microfluidics has evolved significantly, considerably transitioning from a proof-of-concept stage to industrialization. And now there is a growing trend towards translating academic research into commercial and industrial applications, primarily driven by the burgeoning demands of various fields. This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in droplet-based microfluidics, covering the fundamental working principles and the critical aspect of scale-up integration from working principles to scale-up integration. Based on the existing scale-up strategies, the paper also outlines the future research directions, identifies the potential opportunities, and addresses the typical unsolved challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinjia Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Nanjing Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Microdroplet-based synthesis of polymethylsilsesquioxane microspheres with controllable size, surface morphology, and internal structure. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Song J, Sheng L, Cui Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Deng J, Luo G. Liquid-liquid colliding micro-dispersion and general scaling laws in novel T-junction microdevices. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Chen Y, Sheng L, Deng J, Luo G. Geometric Effect on Gas–Liquid Bubbly Flow in Capillary-Embedded T-Junction Microchannels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sheng L, Li J, He G, Xiao W, Yan X, Li X, Ruan X, Jiang X. Visual study and simulation of interfacial liquid layer mass transfer in membrane-assisted antisolvent crystallization. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Cui Y, Li Y, Wang K, Deng J, Luo G. Determination of Dynamic Interfacial Tension during the Generation of Tiny Droplets in the Liquid-Liquid Jetting Flow Regime. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13633-13641. [PMID: 33147955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid dispersion coupled with droplet formation and mass transfer of surfactants is one of the most typical phenomena in many chemical processes. As in every aspect of this process, the interfacial tension variation caused by the unsaturated adsorption of surfactants on the droplet surface plays an important role. This article focuses on microdroplet formation and the dynamic interfacial behavior of surfactants in the jetting regime. In a capillary embedded step T-junction device, controllable preparation of monodisperse droplets is achieved, and a correlation for predicting droplet sizes is established. A method for measuring the dynamic interfacial tension is provided. Mass transfer coefficients are then calculated for Tween 20 during the droplet formation process by a semiempirical correlation. The results indicate that dynamic interfacial tensions are lower than those obtained when the surfactant is adsorbed to equilibrium. Based on the tip-streaming phenomenon, mass transfer coefficients for Tween 20 can reach up to ∼10-3 m/s, higher than those obtained in coaxial microfluidic devices. All the preliminary results shed light on the nature of droplet formation and will be of significance for application in industrial apparatuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cui Y, Li Y, Wang K, Deng J, Luo G. High-throughput preparation of uniform tiny droplets in multiple capillaries embedded stepwise microchannels. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Luo G, Du L, Wang Y, Wang K. Manipulation and Control of Structure and Size of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Microchemical Systems. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Luo
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
| | - Le Du
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
- Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyThe State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology 3 Ring Rd East 100029 Beijing China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
| | - Kai Wang
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trindade MAG, Martins CA, Angnes L, Herl T, Raith T, Matysik FM. New Electrochemical Flow-Cell Configuration Integrated into a Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Platform: Improving Analytical Application in the Presence of Air Bubbles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10917-10926. [PMID: 30125484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A newly configured electrochemical flow cell to be used for (end-channel) amperometric detection in a microfluidic device is presented. The design was assembled to place the reference electrode in a separated compartment, isolated from the flow in the microchannel, while the working and counter electrodes remain in direct contact with both compartments. Moreover, a three-dimensional coil-shaped microfluidic device was fabricated using a nonconventional protocol. Both devices working in association enabled us to solve the drawback caused by the discrete injection when the automatic micropipette was used. The high performance of the proposed electrochemical flow cell was demonstrated after in situ modifying the surface of the platinum working electrode with surfactant (e.g., using Tween 20 at 0.10%). As the reference electrode remained out of contact with the flowing solution, there was no trouble by air bubble formation (generated by accidental insertion or by presence of surfactants) throughout the measurements. This device was characterized regarding its analytical performance by evaluating the amperometric detection of acetaminophen, enabling determination from 6.60 to 66.0 μmol L-1. This issue is important since at high concentration (e.g., as assessed in clinical analysis) the acetaminophen is known to passivate the working electrode surfaces by electrogenerated products, impairing the accuracy of the electrochemical measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia , Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12 , 79804-970 Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil.,National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives , Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista , P.O. Box 355 , 14800-900 Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Cauê Alves Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia , Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12 , 79804-970 Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental , Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748 , CEP 05508-000 São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thomas Herl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Timo Raith
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors , University of Regensburg , Universitätsstrasse 31 , DE-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|