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Zambrano N, Trueba D, Hita I, Palos R, Azkoiti J, Gutiérrez A, Castaño P. Mechanistic Insight into Heteroatom Removal from Vacuum Gas Oil Blended with PMMA or PET Waste. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400581. [PMID: 38747418 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This work analyzes vacuum gas oil (VGO) and hydrocracking products of this feed blended with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to clarify the oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur removal pathways in these complex mixtures. Hydrocracking reactions are conducted in a semi-batch reactor with a Pt-Pd/HY bifunctional catalyst at 400 °C and 80 bar for 300 min with 10 wt % waste plastic using 0.1 catalyst/feed weight ratio. The samples are analyzed using various techniques, including high-resolution mass spectrometry, providing an improved, more detailed analytical representation. The results demonstrate the synergistic effect of cofeeding oxygenated plastics to the VGO, altering the preferential reaction pathways of heteroatom-containing species in the following order: nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. We assess the nature of the species from the gathered data, establish plausible reaction mechanisms, and evaluate the catalyst's role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naydu Zambrano
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Trueba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Idoia Hita
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Palos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josune Azkoiti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alazne Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro Castaño
- Multiscale Reaction Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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Jiang S, Ding S, Zhou Y, Yuan S, Geng X, Cao Z. Substituent Effects of the Nitrogen Heterocycle on Indole and Quinoline HDN Performance: A Combination of Experiments and Theoretical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033044. [PMID: 36769364 PMCID: PMC9917669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were combined herein to study the substituent effects of the nitrogen heterocycle on the HDN behaviors of indole and quinoline. Indole (IND), 2-methyl-indole (2-M-IND), 3-methyl-indole (3-M-IND), quinoline (QL), 2-methyl-quinoline (2-M-QL) and 3-methyl-quinoline (3-M-QL) were used as the HDN reactant on the NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Some key elementary reactions in the HDN process of these nitrogen compounds on the Ni-Mo-S active nanocluster were calculated. The notable difference between IND and QL in the HDN is that dihydro-indole (DHI) can directly convert to O-ethyl aniline via the C-N bond cleavage, whereas tetrahydro-quinoline (THQ) can only break the C-N single bond via the full hydrogenation saturation of the aromatic ring. The reason for this is that the -NH and C=C groups of DHI can be coplanar and well adsorbed on the Ni-Mo-edge simultaneously during the C-N bond cleavage. In comparison, those of THQ cannot stably simultaneously adsorb on the Ni-Mo-edge because of the non-coplanarity. Whenever the methyl group locates on the α-C or the β-C atom of indole, the hydrogenation ability of the nitrogen heterocycle will be evidently weakened because the methyl group increases the space requirement of the sp3 carbon, and the impaction of the C=C groups on the Ni-S-edge cannot provide enough space. When the methyl groups are located on the α-C of quinoline, the self-HDN behavior of 2-M-QL is similar to quinoline, whereas the competitive HDN ability of 2-M-QL in the homologs is evidently weakened because the methyl group on the α-C hinders the contact between the N atom of 2-M-QL and the exposed metal atom of the coordinatively unsaturated active sites (CUS). When the methyl group locates on the β-C of quinoline, the C-N bond cleavage of 3-methyl-quinoline becomes more difficult because the methyl group on the β-C increases the steric hindrance of the C=C group. However, the competitive HDN ability of 3-M-QL is not evidently influenced because the methyl group on the β-C does not evidently hinder the adsorption of 3-M-QL on the active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Jiang
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
| | - Sijia Ding
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
| | - Yasong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shenghua Yuan
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Xinguo Geng
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
| | - Zhengkai Cao
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (Z.C.)
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Catalytic hydroconversion of HTL micro-algal bio-oil into biofuel over NiWS/Al2O3. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Investigating the Effects of Organonitrogen Types on Hydrodearomatization Reactions over Commercial NiMoS Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrogenation of polyaromatic compounds (PACs) present in mineral oils is of great importance when it comes to the desired product properties and the minimization of health hazards; however, the presence of organonitrogen inhibits the conversion of these compounds. In this study, the inhibition effects of different types of organonitrogen compounds (acridine (ACR) and carbazole (CBZ)-basic and nonbasic organonitrogen) on the hydrodearomatization (HDA) of phenanthrene over a sulfided commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated in a microflow trickle-bed reactor at a temperature range of 280 to 320 °C and at a total pressure of 120 barg. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the hydrogenation of phenanthrene is significantly decreased in the presence of organonitrogen, with acridine showing stronger inhibiting effects. The extent of hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) is shown to correlate with the inhibition degree with a higher extent of HDN being achieved for carbazole than for acridine. Results from co-feeding different nitrogen types (acridine and carbazole) indicate that basic nitrogen is the dominating type of organonitrogen inhibitor. Recovery of catalyst activity in the absence of organonitrogen indicates fully reversible deactivation suggesting that inhibition relates to competitive adsorption and slower reaction rate of HDN compared to HDA.
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Morales-Valencia EM, Vargas-Montañez OJ, Monroy-García PA, Avendaño-Barón LG, Quintero-Quintero EA, Elder-Bueno C, Santiago-Guerrero AY, Baldovino-Medrano VG. Conditions for increasing the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene when co-feeding naphthalene, quinoline, and indole. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu X, Fan X, Wang L, Sun J, Wei Q, Zhou Y, Huang W. Competitive adsorption between sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds over NiMoS nanocluster: The correlations of electronegativity, morphology and molecular orbital with adsorption strength. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Effect of Gallium and Vanadium in NiMoV/Al2O3-Ga2O3 Catalysts on Indole Hydrodenitrogenation. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Accelerating Kinetic Parameter Identification by Extracting Information from Transient Data: A Hydroprocessing Study Case. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroprocessing reactions require several days to reach steady-state, leading to long experimentation times for collecting sufficient data for kinetic modeling purposes. The information contained in the transient data during the evolution toward the steady-state is, at present, not used for kinetic modeling since the stabilization behavior is not well understood. The present work aims at accelerating kinetic model construction by employing these transient data, provided that the stabilization can be adequately accounted for. A comparison between the model obtained against the steady-state data and the one after accounting for the transient information was carried out. It was demonstrated that by accounting for the stabilization, combined with an experimental design algorithm, a more robust and faster manner was obtained to identify kinetic parameters, which saves time and cost. An application was presented in hydrodenitrogenation, but the proposed methodology can be extended to any hydroprocessing reaction.
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Wang B, Wang C, Yu W, Li Z, Xu Y, Ma X. Effects of preparation method and Mo2C loading on the Mo2C/ZrO2 catalyst for sulfur-resistant methanation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang B, Wang C, Yu W. Effects of Mo
2
C loading and H
2
S concentration on Mo
2
C/Al
2
O
3
catalyst applied in sulfur‐resistant methanation. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wenxian Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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