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Altia M, Anbarasan P. Efficient Conversion of Glucose to Hydroxymethylfurfural: One-pot Brønsted Base and Acid Promoted Selective Isomerization and Dehydration. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400392. [PMID: 38853450 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Development of elegant, selective, and efficient strategies for the production of value-added platform chemicals from renewable feedstocks are in high demand to achieve the future needs and sustainable goals. In this context, an efficient acid-promoted synthesis of highly valuable hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been demonstrated from glucose, a major constituent of lignocellulosic biomass. The major challenge in the conversion of glucose to HMF is the selective isomerization of glucose to ketose, which in the present work has been successfully addressed through the amine-mediated rearrangement of glucose to aminofructose under Amadori rearrangement. Importantly, subsequent dehydration step affords HMF and regenerates the amine employed in the first step, which could be readily recovered. In addition, scale-up and successful integration into one-pot synthesis of HMF proves the efficiency and applicability of the present transformation in large scale application. In addition, the method was also successfully extended to other monosaccharides and disaccharides to produce HMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Altia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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2
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Mahalingam S, Kwon DS, Kang SG, Kim J. Multicomponent X-ray Shielding Using Sulfated Cerium Oxide and Bismuth Halide Composites. Molecules 2023; 28:6045. [PMID: 37630298 PMCID: PMC10457930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead is the most widely used X-ray-shielding material, but it is heavy (density ≈ 11.34 g/cm3) and toxic. Therefore, the replacement of Pb with lightweight, ecofriendly materials would be beneficial, and such materials would have applications in medicine, electronics, and aerospace engineering. However, the shielding ability of Pb-free materials is significantly lower than that of Pb itself. To maximize the radiation attenuation of non-Pb-based shielding materials, a high-attenuation cross-section, normal to the incoming X-ray direction, must be achieved. In this study, we developed efficient X-ray-shielding materials composed of sulfated cerium oxide (S-CeO2) and bismuth halides. Crucially, the materials are lightweight and mechanically flexible because of the absence of heavy metals (for example, Pb and W). Further, by pre-forming the doped metal oxide as a porous sponge matrix, and then incorporating the bismuth halides into the porous matrix, uniform, compact, and intimate composites with a high-attenuation cross-section were achieved. Owing to the synergetic effect of the doped metal oxide and bismuth halides, the resultant thin (approximately 3 mm) and lightweight (0.85 g·cm-3) composite achieved an excellent X-ray-shielding rate of approximately 92% at 60 kV, one of the highest values reported for non-heavy-metal shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Mahalingam
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Dae-Seong Kwon
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seok-Gyu Kang
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (S.M.); (D.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
- Institute of Energy Transport and Fusion Research, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liu X, Luo H, Yu D, Pei Z, Zhang Z, Li C. The development of novel ionic liquid-based solid catalysts and the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Chem 2022; 10:1084089. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1084089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have attracted attention due to their excellent properties and potential for use as co-solvents, solvents, co-catalysts, catalysts, and as other chemical reagents. This mini-review focuses on the properties and structures of ionic liquids, the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, and the development of novel ionic liquid-based solid catalysts for cellulose and hemicellulose derived HMF production.
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Tao S, Hu L, Zhang X, Mai Y, Xian X, Zheng X, Lin X. Insights into the Play of Novel Brønsted Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural without Additional Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunhui Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglin Mai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu
District, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Songtawee S, Rungtaweevoranit B, Klaysom C, Faungnawakij K. Tuning Brønsted and Lewis acidity on phosphated titanium dioxides for efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29196-29206. [PMID: 35479552 PMCID: PMC9040646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06002c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived from cellulosic sugars has become increasingly important as a platform chemical for the biorefinery industry because of its versatility in the conversion to other chemicals. Although HMF can be produced in high yield from fructose dehydration, fructose is rather expensive because it requires multiple processing steps. On the other hand, HMF can be produced directly from highly abundant glucose, which could reduce time and cost. However, an effective and multifunctional catalyst is needed to selectively promote the glucose-to-HMF reaction. In this work, we report a bifunctional phosphated titanium dioxide as an efficient catalyst for such a reaction. The best catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the glucose conversion to HMF with 72% yield and 83% selectivity in the biphasic system. We achieve this by tuning the solvent system, controlling the amount of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the catalyst, and modification of the reaction setup. From the analysis of acid sites, we found that the addition of phosphate group (Brønsted acid site) onto the surface of TiO2 (Lewis acid site) significantly enhanced the HMF yield and selectivity when the optimum ratio of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites is reached. The high catalytic activity, good reusability, and simple preparation method of the catalyst show a promise for the potential use of this catalytic system on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripit Songtawee
- NanoCatalysis and Molecular Simulation Research Group, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathumthani 12120 Thailand +66 2 564 6981 +66 2 564 7100
- Center of Excellence in Particle and Material Processing Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Bunyarat Rungtaweevoranit
- NanoCatalysis and Molecular Simulation Research Group, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathumthani 12120 Thailand +66 2 564 6981 +66 2 564 7100
| | - Chalida Klaysom
- Center of Excellence in Particle and Material Processing Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Bio-Circular-Green Economy Technology & Engineering Center (BCGeTEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- NanoCatalysis and Molecular Simulation Research Group, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathumthani 12120 Thailand +66 2 564 6981 +66 2 564 7100
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Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, a cheap and plentiful resource, could play a key role in the production of sustainable chemicals. The simple sugars contained in the renewable lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into commercially valuable products such as 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF). A platform molecule, HMF can be transformed into numerous chemical products with potential applications in a wide variety of industries. Of the hexoses contained in the lignocellulosic biomass, the successful production of HMF from glucose has been a challenge. Various heterogeneous catalysts have been proposed over the last decade, ranging from zeolites to metal organic frameworks. The reaction conditions vary in the reports in the literature, which makes it difficult to compare catalysts reported in different studies. In addition, the slight variations in the synthesis of the same material in different laboratories may affect the activity results, because the selectivity towards desired products in this transformation strongly depends on the nature of the active sites. This poses another difficulty for the comparison of different reports. Furthermore, over the last decade the new catalytic systems proposed have increased profoundly. In this article, we summarize the heterogeneous catalysts: Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), zeolites and conventional supported catalysts, that have been reported in the recent literature and provide an overview of the observed catalytic activity, in order to provide a comparison.
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Mérida-Morales S, García-Sancho C, Oregui-Bengoechea M, Ginés-Molina M, Cecilia J, Arias P, Moreno-Tost R, Maireles-Torres P. Influence of morphology of zirconium-doped mesoporous silicas on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from mono-, di- and polysaccharides. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ibrahim AA, Salama RS, El-Hakam SA, Khder AS, Ahmed AI. Synthesis of sulfated zirconium supported MCM-41 composite with high-rate adsorption of methylene blue and excellent heterogeneous catalyst. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Preparation and characterization of submicron-cerium oxide by hypergravity coprecipitation method. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhang T, Wei H, Xiao H, Li W, Jin Y, Wei W, Wu S. Advance in constructing acid catalyst-solvent combinations for efficient transformation of glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Catalytic Activity of Mixed Al2O3-ZrO2 Oxides for Glucose Conversion into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a series of catalysts based on aluminum and zirconium oxides was studied for the transformation of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. These catalysts were characterized by using experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic behavior in glucose dehydration was evaluated in a water-methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic system, in the presence of CaCl2, in order to minimize losses due to unwanted secondary reactions. High glucose conversion and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) yield values were obtained in the presence of an Al(Zr)Ox catalyst with an Al:Zr molar ratio of 7:3, reaching 97% and 47%, respectively, at 150 °C after 120 min. Under tested conditions, this catalyst retained most of its catalytic activity for four reuses.
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Synthesis of sulfonated chitosan-derived carbon-based catalysts and their applications in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:368-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Kumar S, Viswanadham N, Saxena SK, Selvamani A, Diwakar J, Al-Muhtaseb AH. Single-pot template-free synthesis of a glycerol-derived C–Si–Zr mesoporous composite catalyst for fuel additive production. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The C–Si–Zr material synthesized from bio-derived waste glycerol, ZrO(NO3)2 and TEOS exhibits excellent catalytic activity for tri-acetin production from low-value glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
- Light Stock Processing Division
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum
| | - Nagabhatla Viswanadham
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
- Light Stock Processing Division
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum
| | - Sandeep K. Saxena
- Light Stock Processing Division
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Dehradun 248005
- India
| | - Arumugam Selvamani
- Light Stock Processing Division
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
- Dehradun 248005
- India
| | - Jitendra Diwakar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
- Light Stock Processing Division
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum
| | - Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Sultan Qaboos University
- Muscat 123
- Oman
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Molaei S, Ghadermazi M. Highly ordered mesoporous La(III)‐substituted 5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (Glp) immobilized on SBA‐15 as a very efficient nanocatalyst for green aerobic oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Molaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadermazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
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15
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Zhang Y, Li B, Wei Y, Yan C, Meng M, Yan Y. Direct synthesis of metal-organic frameworks catalysts with tunable acid–base strength for glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Wang K, Liang C, Zhang Q, Zhang F. Synergistic Catalysis of Brønsted Acid and Lewis Acid Coexisted on Ordered Mesoporous Resin for One-Pot Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1053-1059. [PMID: 31459381 PMCID: PMC6649308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional ordered phenolic resin with Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites (Yb(OTf)2/PhSO3H-MPR) was prepared for the first time by a two-step sulfonation and postgrafting protocol. The Brønsted acids (benzenesulfonic acids) were transformed from the phenyl groups that existed in the skeleton of ordered mesoporous phenolic resin. Meanwhile, the benzenesulfonic acids can coordinate with Yb(OTf)3 compound, resulting in the generation of Lewis acids in the pore channels of ordered phenolic resin. Yb(OTf)2/PhSO3H-MPR sample retained large specific surface and well-ordered hexagonal mesopores. As expected, it can promote one-pot cascade reaction by using glucose as the reactant to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with good conversion and moderate selectivity. This synergistic catalytic performance could be attributed to its uniformly distributed Brønsted-Lewis acids. Meanwhile, the intrinsic hydrophobic pore surface can decrease the interference of water solvent, leading to enhanced catalytic efficiency. Besides, it was reused more than five times, showing good stability in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chao Liang
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qingxiao Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key
Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth
Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wang K, Yan C, Da Z, Li C, Yan Y. Development of Hierarchical Porous MOF-Based Catalyst of UiO-66(Hf) and Its Application for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from Cellulose. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Changhao Yan
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013 PR China
| | - Zulin Da
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Xuefu Road 301 Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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18
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhao J, Wang K, Meng M, Yan Y. Halloysite Nanotubes Templated Acid‐Base Bi‐functional Hollow Polymeric Solids for Select Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Zhang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Minjia Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Xuefu Road 301#, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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