1
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Saric D, Bell IH, Guevara-Carrion G, Vrabec J. Influence of repulsion on entropy scaling and density scaling of monatomic fluids. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104503. [PMID: 38456532 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Entropy scaling is applied to the shear viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of simple monatomic fluids. An extensive molecular dynamics simulation series is performed to obtain these transport properties and the residual entropy of three potential model classes with variable repulsive exponents: n, 6 Mie (n = 9, 12, 15, and 18), Buckingham's exponential-six (α = 12, 14, 18, and 30), and Tang-Toennies (αT = 4.051, 4.275, and 4.600). A wide range of liquid and supercritical gas- and liquid-like states is covered with a total of 1120 state points. Comparisons to equations of state, literature data, and transport property correlations are made. Although the absolute transport property values within a given potential model class may strongly depend on the repulsive exponent, it is found that the repulsive steepness plays a negligible role when entropy scaling is applied. Hence, the plus-scaled transport properties of n, 6 Mie, exponential-six, and Tang-Toennies fluids lie basically on one master curve, which closely corresponds with entropy scaling correlations for the Lennard-Jones fluid. This trend is confirmed by literature data of n, 6 Mie, and exponential-six fluids. Furthermore, entropy scaling holds for state points where the Pearson correlation coefficient R is well below 0.9. The condition R > 0.9 for strongly correlating liquids is thus not necessary for the successful application of entropy scaling, pointing out that isomorph theory may be a part of a more general framework that is behind the success of entropy scaling. Density scaling reveals a strong influence of the repulsive exponent on this particular approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Saric
- Thermodynamics, Technical University of Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | | | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics, Technical University of Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Antolović I, Staubach J, Stephan S, Vrabec J. Phase equilibria of symmetric Lennard-Jones mixtures and a look at the transport properties near the upper critical solution temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37365979 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates phase equilibria and transport properties of five symmetric binary Lennard-Jones mixtures using molecular simulation and equation of state models. The mixtures are selected for their representation of different types of phase behavior and the research contributes to the development of simulation techniques, mixture theories and understanding of thermophysical mixture properties. A novel method is introduced for determining the critical end point (CEP) and critical azeotropic end point (CAEP) by molecular simulation. The van der Waals one-fluid theory is assessed for its performance in conjunction with Lennard-Jones equation of state models, while addressing different phase equilibrium types simultaneously. An empirical correlation is introduced to account for deviations between the equation of state and simulation that arise when using the same binary interaction parameter. This study also investigates the influence of the liquid-liquid critical point on thermophysical properties, which are found to exhibit no significant anomalies or singularities. System-size effects of diffusion coefficients are addressed by extrapolating simulation data to the thermodynamic limit and applying analytical finite-size corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Antolović
- Thermodynamics, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Staubach
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simon Stephan
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Rehner P, Bauer G, Gross J. FeO s: An Open-Source Framework for Equations of State and Classical Density Functional Theory. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rehner
- Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Bauer
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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4
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Crossover Residual Entropy Scaling of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Dehlouz A, Jaubert JN, Galliero G, Bonnissel M, Privat R. Entropy Scaling-Based Correlation for Estimating the Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Pure Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aghilas Dehlouz
- Université de Lorraine, École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Jean-Noël Jaubert
- Université de Lorraine, École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS TotalEnergies, LFCR UMR 5150, 64013 Pau, France
| | - Marc Bonnissel
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Romain Privat
- Université de Lorraine, École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
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6
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Li X, Kang K, Gu Y, Wang X. Viscosity prediction of pure refrigerants applying the residual entropy scaling theory coupled with a “Generalized Chart” parametrization method for the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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7
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Transport Properties of Binary Lennard-Jones Mixtures: Insights from Entropy Scaling and Conformal Solution Theory. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Kang K, Gu Y, Wang X. Assessment and development of the viscosity prediction capabilities of entropy scaling method coupled with a modified binary interaction parameter estimation model for refrigerant blends. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Liu Y, Zheng X, Liu C, Lv S. Modeling of compressed liquid viscosity of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrochlorofluoroolefins, hydrochlorofluorocarbons and their mixtures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Bell IH, Deiters UK, Leal AMM. Implementing an Equation of State without Derivatives: teqp. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian H. Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ulrich K. Deiters
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln 50939, Germany
| | - Allan M. M. Leal
- Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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11
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Cardona LF, Forero LA, Velásquez JA. Extension of a Group Contribution Method to Predict Viscosity Based on Momentum Transport Theory Using a Modified Peng–Robinson EoS. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Cardona
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 51A No. 67B-90, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Forero
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jorge A. Velásquez
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
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12
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Stierle R, Gross J. Hydrodynamic density functional theory for mixtures from a variational principle and its application to droplet coalescence. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134101. [PMID: 34624998 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic density functional theory (DDFT) allows the description of microscopic dynamical processes on the molecular scale extending classical DFT to non-equilibrium situations. Since DDFT and DFT use the same Helmholtz energy functionals, both predict the same density profiles in thermodynamic equilibrium. We propose a molecular DDFT model, in this work also referred to as hydrodynamic DFT, for mixtures based on a variational principle that accounts for viscous forces as well as diffusive molecular transport via the generalized Maxwell-Stefan diffusion. Our work identifies a suitable expression for driving forces for molecular diffusion of inhomogeneous systems. These driving forces contain a contribution due to the interfacial tension. The hydrodynamic DFT model simplifies to the isothermal multicomponent Navier-Stokes equation in continuum situations when Helmholtz energies can be used instead of Helmholtz energy functionals, closing the gap between micro- and macroscopic scales. We show that the hydrodynamic DFT model, although not formulated in conservative form, globally satisfies the first and second law of thermodynamics. Shear viscosities and Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients are predicted using an entropy scaling approach. As an example, we apply the hydrodynamic DFT model with a Helmholtz energy density functional based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state to droplet and bubble coalescence in one dimension and analyze the influence of additional components on coalescence phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Stierle
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Yang X, Kim D, May EF, Bell IH. Entropy Scaling of Thermal Conductivity: Application to Refrigerants and Their Mixtures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Yang
- Fluid Science & Resources Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Fluid Science & Resources Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Eric F. May
- Fluid Science & Resources Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ian H. Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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14
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Dehlouz A, Privat R, Galliero G, Bonnissel M, Jaubert JN. Revisiting the Entropy-Scaling Concept for Shear-Viscosity Estimation from Cubic and SAFT Equations of State: Application to Pure Fluids in Gas, Liquid and Supercritical States. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aghilas Dehlouz
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Romain Privat
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- E2S UPPA, CNRS Total Energies, LFCR UMR 5150, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marc Bonnissel
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Jean-Noël Jaubert
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
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15
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Gonçalves CIS, Silva GM, Ndiaye PM, Tavares FW. Helmholtz Scaling: An Alternative Approach to Calculate Viscosity with the PCP-SAFT Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cliff I. S. Gonçalves
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. Silva
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Papa M. Ndiaye
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico W. Tavares
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Bell IH, Riccardi D, Bazyleva A, McLinden MO. Survey of Data and Models for Refrigerant Mixtures Containing Halogenated Olefins. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA 2021; 66:10.1021/acs.jced.1c00192. [PMID: 36590016 PMCID: PMC9805321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We survey existing data for refrigerant blends containing halogenated olefins (hydrofluoroolefins (HFO), hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFO) and hydrochloroolefins (HCO)) in the open literature. The data are primarily taken from the NIST SOURCE database and are presented in graphical form to demonstrate the relative coverage of the data. The primary conclusion is that blends containing halogenated olefins remain only sparsely measured in experiments, and some classes of data (e.g., speed-of-sound data) are particularly sparse for blends containing halogenated olefins. The second part of this study compares the thermodynamic models in NIST REFPROP against the experimental datasets and identifies systems (of which there are many) where refitting of the thermodynamic model is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Demian Riccardi
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Ala Bazyleva
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Mark O McLinden
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
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17
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Gaudin T, Ma H. Substructure shock-friction theory for molecular transport in liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zmpitas J, Gross J. Modified Stokes–Einstein Equation for Molecular Self-Diffusion Based on Entropy Scaling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zmpitas
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Mairhofer J. A Residual Entropy Scaling Approach for Viscosity Based on the GERG-2008 Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Trac HP, Le Huyen T, Lin MC. A Computational Study on the Redox Reactions of Ammonia and Methylamine with Nitrogen Tetroxide. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9923-9932. [PMID: 33201710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The redox reactions of NH3 and CH3NH2 with N2O4 (NTO) have been studied by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations at the UCCSD(T)∥UB3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. These reactions are related to the well-known NTO-hydrazine(s) propellant systems. On the basis of the predicted potential energy surfaces, the mechanisms for these reactions were found to be similar to the hydrolysis of NTO and the hypergolic initiation reaction of the NTO-N2H4 mixture, primarily controlled by the conversion of NTO to ONONO2 via very loose transition states (with NH3 and CH3NH2 as spectators in the collision complexes) followed by the rapid attack of ONONO2 at the spectating molecules producing HNO3 and RNO (R = NH2 and CH3NH). The predicted mechanism for the NH3 reaction compares closely with its isoelectronic process NTO + H2O; similarly, the mechanism for the NTO + CH3NH2 reaction also compares closely with its isoelectronic NTO + NH2NH2 reaction. The kinetics for the formation of the final products, HNO3 + RNO (R = NH2, OH, CH3NH, and N2H3), were found to be weakly pressure-dependent at low temperatures and affected by the strengths of H-NH2 and H-OH but not in the RNH2 case. We have also compared the predicted rate constant for the oxidation of NH3 by N2O4 with that for the analogous NH3 + N2O5 recently reported by Sarkar and Bandyopadhyay [J. Phys. Chem. A. 2020, 124, 3564-3572] under troposphere conditions. The rate of the latter reaction was estimated to be 2 orders of magnitude slower than that of the N2O4 reaction under troposphere conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Phuong Trac
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Le Huyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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21
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Fouad WA, Alasiri H. Molecular dynamic simulation and SAFT modeling of the viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient of low global warming potential refrigerants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Bell IH. Entropy Scaling of Viscosity - II: Predictive Scheme for Normal Alkanes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA 2020; 65:10.1021/acs.jced.0c00749. [PMID: 34121765 PMCID: PMC8191377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a residual entropy value 6/10 of the way between the critical point and a value of -2/3 of Boltzmann's constant is shown to collapse the scaled viscosity for the family of normal alkanes. Based on this approach, a nearly universal correlation is proposed that can reproduce 95% of the experimental data for normal alkanes within ±18% (without removal of clearly erroneous data). This universal correlation has no new fluid-specific empirical parameters and is based on experimentally accessible values. This collapse is shown to be valid to a residual entropy half way between the critical point and the triple point, beyond which the macroscopically-scaled viscosity has a super-exponential dependence on residual entropy, terminating at the triple point. A key outcome of this study is a better understanding of entropy scaling for fluids with intramolecular degrees of freedom. A study of the transport and thermodynamic properties at the triple point rounds out the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
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23
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Bell IH, Dyre JC, Ingebrigtsen TS. Excess-entropy scaling in supercooled binary mixtures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4300. [PMID: 32855393 PMCID: PMC7453028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport coefficients, such as viscosity or diffusion coefficient, show significant dependence on density or temperature near the glass transition. Although several theories have been proposed for explaining this dynamical slowdown, the origin remains to date elusive. We apply here an excess-entropy scaling strategy using molecular dynamics computer simulations and find a quasiuniversal, almost composition-independent, relation for binary mixtures, extending eight orders of magnitude in viscosity or diffusion coefficient. Metallic alloys are also well captured by this relation. The excess-entropy scaling predicts a quasiuniversal breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between viscosity and diffusion coefficient in the supercooled regime. Additionally, we find evidence that quasiuniversality extends beyond binary mixtures, and that the origin is difficult to explain using existing arguments for single-component quasiuniversality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark.
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24
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Liu H, Yang F, Yang Z, Duan Y. Modeling the viscosity of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and their binary mixtures using residual entropy scaling and cubic-plus-association equation of state. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Binti Mohd Taib M, Trusler JPM. Residual entropy model for predicting the viscosities of dense fluid mixtures. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:164104. [PMID: 32357798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the mono-variant relationship between the reduced viscosity and residual entropy in pure fluids and in binary mixtures of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons with dissolved carbon dioxide. The mixtures considered were octane + dodecane, decane + carbon dioxide, and 1,3-dimethylbenzene (m-xylene) + carbon dioxide. The reduced viscosity was calculated according to the definition of Bell, while the residual entropy was calculated from accurate multi-parameter Helmholtz-energy equations of state and, for mixtures, the multi-fluid Helmholtz energy approximation. The mono-variant dependence of reduced viscosity upon residual molar entropy was observed for the pure fluids investigated, and by incorporating two scaling factors (one for reduced viscosity and the other for residual molar entropy), the data were represented by a single universal curve. To apply this method to mixtures, the scaling factors were determined from a mole-fraction weighted sum of the pure-component values. This simple model was found to work well for the systems investigated. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) was observed to be between 1% and 2% for pure components and a mixture of similar hydrocarbons. Larger deviations, with AARDs of up to 15%, were observed for the asymmetric mixtures, but this compares favorably with other methods for predicting the viscosity of such systems. We conclude that the residual-entropy concept can be used to estimate the viscosity of mixtures of similar molecules with high reliability and that it offers a useful engineering approximation even for asymmetric mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malyanah Binti Mohd Taib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J P Martin Trusler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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26
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Fischer M, Bauer G, Gross J. Transferable Anisotropic United-Atom Mie (TAMie) Force Field: Transport Properties from Equilibrium Molecular Dynamic Simulations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fischer
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gernot Bauer
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Bell IH. Entropy Scaling of Viscosity - I: A Case Study of Propane. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA 2020; 65:10.1021/acs.jced.0c00209. [PMID: 33364635 PMCID: PMC7754705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.0c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a broadly-applicable and simple approach for building high accuracy viscosity correlations is demonstrated for propane. The approach is based on the combination of a number of recent insights related to the use of residual entropy scaling, especially a new way of scaling the viscosity for consistency with the dilute-gas limit. With three adjustable parameters in the dense phase, the primary viscosity data for propane are predicted with a mean absolute relative deviation of 1.38%, and 95% of the primary data are predicted within a relative error band of less than 5%. The dimensionality of the dense-phase contribution is reduced from the conventional two dimensional approach (temperature and density) to a one-dimensional correlation with residual entropy as the independent variable. The simplicity of the model formulation ensures smooth extrapolation behavior (barring errors in the equation of state itself). The approach proposed here should be applicable to a wide range of chemical species. The supporting information includes the relevant data in tabular form and a Python implementation of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305
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28
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Hopp M, Gross J. Thermal Conductivity from Entropy Scaling: A Group-Contribution Method. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hopp
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Hopp M, Mele J, Hellmann R, Gross J. Thermal Conductivity via Entropy Scaling: An Approach That Captures the Effect of Intramolecular Degrees of Freedom. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hopp
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Mele
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Hellmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Bell IH, Messerly R, Thol M, Costigliola L, Dyre JC. Modified Entropy Scaling of the Transport Properties of the Lennard-Jones Fluid. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6345-6363. [PMID: 31241958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosenfeld proposed two different scaling approaches to model the transport properties of fluids, separated by 22 years, one valid in the dilute gas, and another in the liquid phase. In this work, we demonstrate that these two limiting cases can be connected through the use of a novel approach to scaling transport properties and a bridging function. This approach, which is empirical and not derived from theory, is used to generate reference correlations for the transport properties of the Lennard-Jones 12-6 fluid of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and self-diffusion. This approach, with a very simple functional form, allows for the reproduction of the most accurate simulation data to within nearly their statistical uncertainty. The correlations are used to confirm that for the Lennard-Jones fluid the appropriately scaled transport properties are nearly monovariate functions of the excess entropy from low-density gases into the supercooled phase and up to extreme temperatures. This study represents the most comprehensive metastudy of the transport properties of the Lennard-Jones fluid to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Richard Messerly
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder , Colorado 80305 , United States
| | - Monika Thol
- Thermodynamics , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Lorenzo Costigliola
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- DNRF Centre "Glass and Time," IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment , Roskilde University , Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde , Denmark
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31
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Probing the link between residual entropy and viscosity of molecular fluids and model potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4070-4079. [PMID: 30770449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815943116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the link between residual entropy and viscosity based on wide-ranging, highly accurate experimental and simulation data. This link was originally postulated by Rosenfeld in 1977 [Rosenfeld Y (1977) Phys Rev A 15:2545-2549], and it is shown that this scaling results in an approximately monovariate relationship between residual entropy and reduced viscosity for a wide range of molecular fluids [argon, methane, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], refrigerant R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), refrigerant R-125 (pentafluoroethane), methanol, and water] and a range of model potentials (hard sphere, inverse power, Lennard-Jones, and Weeks-Chandler-Andersen). While the proposed "universal" correlation of Rosenfeld is shown to be far from universal, when used with the appropriate density scaling for molecular fluids, the viscosity of nonassociating molecular fluids can be mapped onto the model potentials. This mapping results in a length scale that is proportional to the cube root of experimentally measurable liquid volume values.
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Abstract
This article gives an overview of excess-entropy scaling, the 1977 discovery by Rosenfeld that entropy determines properties of liquids like viscosity, diffusion constant, and heat conductivity. We give examples from computer simulations confirming this intriguing connection between dynamics and thermodynamics, counterexamples, and experimental validations. Recent uses in application-related contexts are reviewed, and theories proposed for the origin of excess-entropy scaling are briefly summarized. It is shown that if two thermodynamic state points of a liquid have the same microscopic dynamics, they must have the same excess entropy. In this case, the potential-energy function exhibits a symmetry termed hidden scale invariance, stating that the ordering of the potential energies of configurations is maintained if these are scaled uniformly to a different density. This property leads to the isomorph theory, which provides a general framework for excess-entropy scaling and illuminates, in particular, why this does not apply rigorously and universally. It remains an open question whether all aspects of excess-entropy scaling and related regularities reflect hidden scale invariance in one form or other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Hopp M, Mele J, Gross J. Self-Diffusion Coefficients from Entropy Scaling Using the PCP-SAFT Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hopp
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Mele
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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