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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Feng S, Chen X. Promoting Effect of Ni on the Catalytic Production of Alanine from Lactic Acid over RuNi/AC Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Shixiang Feng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Xi Chen
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
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Mohammadi M, Ghorbani-Choghamarani A. Synthesis and characterization of novel hercynite@sulfuric acid and its catalytic applications in the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2770-2787. [PMID: 35425328 PMCID: PMC8979139 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07381h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of hercynite@sulfuric acid as a novel nanomagnetic solid acid catalyst, containing the sulfuric acid catalytic sites on the surface of hercynite MNPs as the catalytic support. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was meticulously characterized using a wide range of physicochemical techniques; including, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, X-ray-mapping, SEM and VSM analysis. The catalytic activity of this nanomagnetic material was considered for the synthesis of the diversely substituted polyhydroquinolines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones under solvent free conditions and also cyclocondensation reactions in ethanol, respectively affording good to excellent yields. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the heterogeneity of the catalyst was measured through its excellent reusability and hot-filtration test. Herein, we report the synthesis of hercynite@sulfuric acid as a novel nanomagnetic solid acid catalyst, containing the sulfuric acid catalytic sites on the surface of hercynite MNPs as the catalytic support.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University P.O. Box 69315516 Ilam Iran
| | - Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran +98 8138380709 +98 8138282807
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Omodolor IS, Kalidindi S, Walz SA, Coleman MR, Gogar R, Viamajala S, López Granados M, Alba-Rubio AC. Soluble and reusable polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity for the one-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose using polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeh S. Omodolor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Subhash Kalidindi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sarah A. Walz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Maria R. Coleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Ravikumar Gogar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sridhar Viamajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Manuel López Granados
- Group of Sustainable Energy and Chemistry (EQS), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (IPC-CSIC), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana C. Alba-Rubio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Chen X, Liu Y, Wang J. Lignocellulosic Biomass Upgrading into Valuable Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Heterogeneous Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, 201306 Shanghai, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Parangi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Ingle AP, Philippini RR, Rai M, Silvério da Silva S. Catalytic hydrolysis of cellobiose using different acid-functionalised Fe 3O 4 magnetic nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:40-46. [PMID: 31935676 PMCID: PMC8676166 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the preparation of three different acid-functionalised magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and evaluation for their catalytic efficacy in hydrolysis of cellobiose. Initially, iron oxide (Fe3O4)MNPs were synthesised, which further modified by applying silica coating (Fe3O4-MNPs@Si) and functionalised with alkylsulfonic acid (Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@AS), butylcarboxylic acid (Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@BCOOH) and sulphonic acid (Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@SO3H) groups. The Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of above-mentioned acid functional groups on MNPs. Similarly, X-ray diffraction pattern and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the crystalline nature and elemental composition of MNPs, respectively. TEM micrographs showed the synthesis of spherical and polydispersed nanoparticles having diameter size in the range of 20-80 nm. Cellobiose hydrolysis was used as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic efficacy of acid-functionalised nanoparticles. A maximum 74.8% cellobiose conversion was reported in case of Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@SO3H in first cycle of hydrolysis. Moreover, thus used acid-functionalised MNPs were magnetically separated and reused. In second cycle of hydrolysis, Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@SO3H showed 49.8% cellobiose conversion followed by Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@AS (45%) and Fe3O4-MNPs@Si@BCOOH (18.3%). However, similar pattern was reported in case of third cycle of hydrolysis. The proposed approach is considered as rapid and convenient. Moreover, reuse of acid-functionalised MNPs makes the process economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R Philippini
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
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Multi-Step Exploitation of Raw Arundo donax L. for the Selective Synthesis of Second-Generation Sugars by Chemical and Biological Route. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the most important feedstocks for future biorefineries, being a precursor of valuable bio-products, obtainable through both chemical and biological conversion routes. Lignocellulosic biomass has a complex matrix, which requires the careful development of multi-step approaches for its complete exploitation to value-added compounds. Based on this perspective, the present work focuses on the valorization of hemicellulose and cellulose fractionsof giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to give second-generation sugars, minimizing the formation of reaction by-products. The conversion of hemicellulose to xylose was undertaken in the presence of the heterogeneous acid catalyst Amberlyst-70 under microwave irradiation. The effect of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst, and biomass loadings on sugars yield was studied, developing a high gravity approach. Under the optimised reaction conditions (17 wt% Arundo donax L. loading, 160 °C, Amberlyst-70/Arundo donax L. weight ratio 0.2 wt/wt), the xylose yield was 96.3 mol%. In the second step, the cellulose-rich solid residue was exploited through the chemical or enzymatic route, obtaining glucose yields of 32.5 and 56.2 mol%, respectively. This work proves the efficiency of this innovative combination of chemical and biological catalytic approaches, for the selective conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of Arundo donax L. to versatile platform products.
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Tong D, Yang H, Fang K. Eco-Friendly Ca-Montmorillonite Grafted by Non-Acidic Ionic Liquid Used as A Solid Acid Catalyst in Cellulose Hydrolysis to Reducing Sugars. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091832. [PMID: 31086032 PMCID: PMC6539098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective and friendly method was developed for the production of reducing sugars (RS) from the hydrolysis of cellulose over the solid catalyst of Ca-montmorillonite (Mt) grafted by non-acidic ionic liquid (Mt-IL) in water. The effect of mass ratio, water dosage, reaction temperature, and time were investigated in a batch reactor. Raw Mt showed only a 7.9% total reducing sugars (TRS) yield for the catalytic hydrolysis of cellulose in water. As the Mt was grafted by -SO3H and IL, the TRS yield greatly increased under the same reaction conditions. The highest TRS yield of 35.7% was obtained on the catalyst of Mt grafted by non-acidic IL at 200 °C with the mass ratio of catalyst to cellulose of 0.2 for 120 min. The high TRS yield for Mt-IL should be attributed to the synergistic effect of the dissolution of cellulose by IL and the exposed metal ions on the layer with water. Although the yield of TRS on Mt-IL decreased gradually with recycling runs, the decrease after the first run was not very serious compared to the fresh catalyst. This work provides a promising strategy for efficient cellulose hydrolysis into fine chemicals by Mt with non-acidic IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Dongshen Tong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Haiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Discipline of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by Selective Precipitation from Ionic Liquid Dissolution. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose the treatment of barley straw with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIMAcO] ionic liquids (ILs) and subsequent precipitation with antisolvent mixtures, thus allowing the separation of the sugar-rich fractions (cellulose and hemicellulose) from the lignin fraction. For this purpose, different concentration ranges of acetone:water antisolvent mixtures were studied. In all cases, a high recovery percentage and a high and effective separation of fractions was achieved for 1:1 acetone:water. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were studied by using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance characterization techniques. This method allows the possibility of reusing IL, confirming the versatility of the established method. The fraction rich in cellulose and hemicellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis (0.2 mol/L H2SO4) for 5 h at 140 °C, obtaining a yield of total reducing sugars of approximately 80%, much higher than those obtained in non-pretreated samples.
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Elucidating the Energetics and Effects of Solvents on Cellulose Hydrolysis Using a Polymeric Acid Catalyst. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymeric acid catalyst immobilized on a membrane substrate was found to possess superior catalytic activity and selectivity for biomass hydrolysis. The catalyst consists of two polymer chains, a poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) polymer chain for catalyzing carbohydrate substrate, and a neighboring poly(vinyl imidazolium chloride) ionic liquid (PIL) polymer chain for promoting the solvation of the PSSA chain to enhance the catalytic activity. In order to elucidate the mechanism and determine the energetics of biomass catalytic processing using this unique catalyst, classical molecular dynamics (MD) coupled with metadynamics (MTD) simulations were conducted to determine the free energy surfaces (FES) of cellulose hydrolysis. The critical role that PIL plays in the catalytic conversion is elucidated. The solvation free energy and the interactions between PSSA, PIL, and cellulose chains are found to be significantly affected by the solvent.
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