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Ratna S, Rastogi S, Kumar R. Current trends for distillery wastewater management and its emerging applications for sustainable environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112544. [PMID: 33862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol distillation generates a huge volume of unwanted chemical liquid known as distillery wastewater. Distillery wastewater is acidic, dark brown having high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, contains various salt contents, and heavy metals. Inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of distillery wastewater deteriorates the quality of the soil, water, and ultimately groundwater. Its direct exposure via food web shows toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic-terrestrial organisms including humans. So, there is an urgent need for its proper management. For this purpose, a group of researchers applied distillery wastewater for fertigation while others focused on its physico-chemical, biological treatment approaches. But until now no cutting-edge technology has been proposed for its effective management. So, it becomes imperative to comprehend its toxicity, treatment methods, and implication for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the last decade's research data on advanced physico-chemical, biological, and combined (physico-chemical and biological) methods to treat distillery wastewater and its reuse aspects. Finally, it revealed that the combined methods along with the production of value-added products are one of the best options for distillery wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Ratna
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Swati Rastogi
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
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Zhang M, Cai Z, Xie L, Zhang Y, Tang L, Zhou Q, Qiang Z, Zhang H, Zhang D, Pan X. Comparison of coagulative colloidal microbubbles with monomeric and polymeric inorganic coagulants for tertiary treatment of distillery wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133649. [PMID: 31386957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The flotation using coagulative colloidal gas aphrons (CCGAs) is of great potential in effectively removing the recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colorants from the bio-chemically treated cassava distillery wastewater. As bubble modifier, the monomeric and polymeric inorganic coagulants need to be studied considering their distinct influence on the surfactant/coagulant complex, the properties of colloidal aphrons as well as the process performance and mechanisms. Such studies help to create robust CCGAs with high flotation potential. In this work, the commonly-used monomeric and polymeric Al(III)- and Fe(III)-coagulants were combined with the cationic surfactant - cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to generate CCGAs. The CCGAs functionalized with Al(III)-coagulants (both monomeric and polymeric ones) were featured as small bubble size, strong stability and high air content. Particularly, the monomeric Al(III)-coagulant (AlCl3 in this work) resulted in low surface tension and high foamability when being mixed with CTAB in the bubble generation solution. Those CCGAs achieved high removal efficiencies of DOM and colorants at low coagulant concentrations. The molecular weight of DOM in effluent was well controlled below 1 kDa by CCGAs. For the flocs obtained from CCGA-flotation, the characteristic Raman band of DOM and colorants showed the layer-by-layer variation of Raman intensity which decreased from the outer layer to the center. In contrast with the conventional coagulation-flotation, the reduction of coagulant dosage by CCGAs was 67% (AlCl3), 25% (polyaluminum chloride), 60% (Fe2(SO4)3) and 40% (polyferric sulfate). The sludge production could then be largely reduced, and meanwhile, the retention time was shortened by 9.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongxia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Linfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhang M, Xie L, Wang Z, Lu X, Zhou Q. Using Fe(III)-coagulant-modified colloidal gas aphrons to remove bio-recalcitrant dissolved organic matter and colorants from cassava distillery wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:346-354. [PMID: 30096642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of bio-recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colorants is essential for discharging or reusing the distillery wastewater. The present work adopted a novel microbubble system - Fe(III)-coagulant-modified colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) in flotation as tertiary treatment of the bio-chemically treated cassava distillery wastewater. Approximately 93% of bio-recalcitrant color and around 79% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were removed at the initial pH of 9.0 and 7.1, individually. The modified CGAs exhibited strong ability of complexation and electrostatic attraction of the polyanions of DOM and colorants. But the 1-10 kDa DOM was found to be resistant to the CGA capture. Compared with directly dosing coagulant, the Fe(III)-coagulant-modified CGAs consumed ∼47% and ∼21% less coagulant to achieve the optimum decoloration efficiency and DOC removal, respectively. In the flotation with Fe(III)-coagulant-modified CGAs, the coagulant-dosing system could be omitted while the coagulant utilization was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Xie L, Zhou Q. Enhanced removal of bio-refractory dissolved organic matter from cassava distillery wastewater by powdered activated carbon-ballasted coagulation: Detailed study of separation characteristics and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1054-1064. [PMID: 30223320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of bio-refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colorants is essential for discharging or reusing the distillery wastewater. An important part of recalcitrant DOM still exists in the effluent of regular coagulation though the ferric coagulant has been found to be effective in decoloration. The present work adopted powdered activated carbon (PAC) as ballasting agent to achieve robust separation effect and efficiency of bio-refractory DOM from the bio-chemically treated cassava distillery wastewater (BTDWW). More than 90% of DOC could be removed at the PAC and Fe(III)-coagulant dosage of 1.40 g/L and 0.84 g/L as Fe when the BTDWW was neutral. PAC should be dosed before coagulant in order to mix well with the DOM in the BTDWW. The analyses of DOM in effluent reveal that PAC facilitated the removal of lignin breakdown products which could not be well eliminated by regular coagulation; the removal of DOM with MW < 5 kDa was mostly enhanced. The characteristics of flocs demonstrate that PAC reinforced the interaction between Fe(III) species and DOM by providing more reaction sites. The sedimentation could be completed within the initial 5 min, and the highest settling velocity was almost 8 times higher than that of the only Fe(III)-involved flocs. The large size and favorable robustness of PAC-involved flocs enabled decent sedimentation even though their stretched structure might not be desirable in regular coagulation. The PAC-ballasted coagulation is recommended as tertiary treatment of BTDWW considering its high efficiency and sound economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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