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Velvizhi G, Jacqueline PJ, Shetti NP, K L, Mohanakrishna G, Aminabhavi TM. Emerging trends and advances in valorization of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118527. [PMID: 37429092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable technologies pave the way to address future energy demand by converting lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, carbon-neutral materials, and chemicals which might replace fossil fuels. Thermochemical and biochemical technologies are conventional methods that convert biomass into value-added products. To enhance biofuel production, the existing technologies should be upgraded using advanced processes. In this regard, the present review explores the advanced technologies of thermochemical processes such as plasma technology, hydrothermal treatment, microwave-based processing, microbial-catalyzed electrochemical systems, etc. Advanced biochemical technologies such as synthetic metabolic engineering and genomic engineering have led to the development of an effective strategy to produce biofuels. The microwave-plasma-based technique increases the biofuel conversion efficiency by 97% and the genetic engineering strains increase the sugar production by 40%, inferring that the advanced technologies enhances the efficiency. So understanding these processes leads to low-carbon technologies which can solve the global issues on energy security, the greenhouse gases emission, and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Velvizhi
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Jennita Jacqueline
- CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Latha K
- Department of Mathematics, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600 089, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007, India.
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Kumar A, Thakur AK, Gaurav GK, Klemeš JJ, Sandhwar VK, Pant KK, Kumar R. A critical review on sustainable hazardous waste management strategies: a step towards a circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:105030-105055. [PMID: 37725301 PMCID: PMC10579135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, industrialisation and urbanisation have led to the generation of hazardous waste (HW). Sustainable hazardous waste management (HWM) is the need of the hour for a safe, clean, and eco-friendly environment and public health. The prominent waste management strategies should be aligned with circular economic models considering the economy, environment, and efficiency. This review critically discusses HW generation and sustainable management with the strategies of prevention, reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, advanced treatment technology, and proper disposal. In this regard, the major HW policies, legislations, and international conventions related to HWM are summarised. The global generation and composition of hazardous industrial, household, and e-waste are analysed, along with their environmental and health impacts. The paper critically discusses recently adapted management strategies, waste-to-energy conversion techniques, treatment technologies, and their suitability, advantages, and limitations. A roadmap for future research focused on the components of the circular economy model is proposed, and the waste management challenges are discussed. This review stems to give a holistic and broader picture of global waste generation (from many sources), its effects on public health and the environment, and the need for a sustainable HWM approach towards the circular economy. The in-depth analysis presented in this work will help build cost-effective and eco-sustainable HWM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Tirmalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
| | - Amit K. Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SPIL, NETME Centre, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vishal Kumar Sandhwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760 India
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand India
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Seraj S, Azargohar R, Borugadda VB, Dalai AK. Energy recovery from agro-forest wastes through hydrothermal carbonization coupled with hydrothermal Co-gasification: Effects of succinic acid on hydrochars and H 2 production. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139390. [PMID: 37402427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to upgrade agro-forest wastes into value-added solid and gaseous fuels in the present investigation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of spruce (SP), canola hull (CH), and canola meal (CM) was optimized in terms of operating conditions, maximizing the higher heating value of hydrochars. The optimal operating conditions were achieved at HTC temperature, reaction time, and solid-to-liquid ratio of 260 °C, 60 min, and 0.2 g mL-1, respectively. At the optimum condition, succinic acid (0.05-0.1 M) was used as HTC reaction medium to investigate the effects of acidic medium on the fuel characteristics of hydrochars. The succinic acid assisted HTC was found to eliminate ash-forming minerals e.g., K, Mg, and Ca from hydrochar backbones. The calorific values, H/C and O/C atomic ratios of hydrochars were in the range of 27.6-29.8 MJ kg-1, 0.8-1.1, and 0.1-0.2, respectively, indicating the biomass upgrading into coal-like solid fuels. Finally, hydrothermal gasification of hydrochars with their corresponding HTC aqueous phase (HTC-AP) was assessed. Gasification of CM resulted in a relatively high H2 yield of 4.9-5.5 mol kg-1 followed by that for SP with 4.0-4.6 mol H2 per kg of hydrochars. Results suggest that hydrochars and HTC-AP have a great potential for H2 production via hydrothermal co-gasification, while suggesting HTC-AP reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Seraj
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ramin Azargohar
- Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Venu Babu Borugadda
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ajay K Dalai
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Khandelwal K, Boahene P, Nanda S, Dalai AK. A Review of the Design and Performance of Catalysts for Hydrothermal Gasification of Biomass to Produce Hydrogen-Rich Gas Fuel. Molecules 2023; 28:5137. [PMID: 37446799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical water gasification has emerged as a promising technology to sustainably convert waste residues into clean gaseous fuels rich in combustible gases such as hydrogen and methane. The composition and yield of gases from hydrothermal gasification depend on process conditions such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, feedstock concentration, and reactor geometry. However, catalysts also play a vital role in enhancing the gasification reactions and selectively altering the composition of gas products. Catalysts can also enhance hydrothermal reforming and cracking of biomass to achieve desired gas yields at moderate temperatures, thereby reducing the energy input of the hydrothermal gasification process. However, due to the complex hydrodynamics of supercritical water, the literature is limited regarding the synthesis, application, and performance of catalysts used in hydrothermal gasification. Hence, this review provides a detailed discussion of different heterogeneous catalysts (e.g., metal oxides and transition metals), homogeneous catalysts (e.g., hydroxides and carbonates), and novel carbonaceous catalysts deployed in hydrothermal gasification. The article also summarizes the advantages, disadvantages, and performance of these catalysts in accelerating specific reactions during hydrothermal gasification of biomass, such as water-gas shift, methanation, hydrogenation, reforming, hydrolysis, cracking, bond cleavage, and depolymerization. Different reaction mechanisms involving a variety of catalysts during the hydrothermal gasification of biomass are outlined. The article also highlights recent advancements with recommendations for catalytic supercritical water gasification of biomass and its model compounds, and it evaluates process viability and feasibility for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Khandelwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Philip Boahene
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Ajay K Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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Catalytic (Copper) Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Lignin to Produce High Quality Bio-oil and Nano Cu Carbon Hybrids Material. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Kang K, Nanda S, Hu Y. Current trends in biochar application for catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kumar A, Reddy SN. Hydrothermal treatment of metal impregnated biomass for the generation of H 2 and nanometal carbon hybrids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112536. [PMID: 34896086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nanocatalyst impregnation onto the biomass matrix has gained importance in enhancing the H2 yield and overcoming the catalyst deactivation problems. In-situ catalytic gasification of Ru/Fe-impregnated sugarcane bagasse and citrus limetta (mosambi peels) were examined and compared with their raw biomass at subcritical and supercritical water conditions. Bagasse having a higher amount of lignocellulosic content produces a maximum yield of H2 over moambi peels. Besides, Ru and Fe nano-metal carbon hybrids with crystalline sizes between 10 and 25 nm were formed during in-situ hydrothermal gasification. The performance of hydrothermal gasification based on hydrogen yield was studied, and it relatively follows the order as temperature, nanoparticle composed, metal loading onto biomass matrix, type of catalyst, and biomass used. At the maximum operating temperature of 600 °C, B: W ratio 1:10 for the resident time of 60 min, highest H2 yield of 12.75 ± 0.17 and 11.20 ± 0.13 mmol/g attained for Ru and Fe impregnated bagasse with the CGE of 72.28 ± 2.17% and 67.08 ± 1.97% respectively. At similar operating conditions, H2 yields of 8.75 ± 0.18 and 8.13 ± 0.16 mmol/g were achieved with the CGE of 62.4 ± 1.91% and 53.7 ± 1.66% for Ru and Fe impregnated mosambi peels, respectively. Based on the H2 and CH4 production, Ru shows the highest performance than Fe catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Bakari R, Kivevele T, Huang X, Jande YAC. Sub- and Supercritical Water Gasification of Rice Husk: Parametric Optimization Using the I-Optimality Criterion. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12480-12499. [PMID: 34056398 PMCID: PMC8154174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, rice husk biomass was gasified under sub- and supercritical water conditions in an autoclave reactor. The effect of temperature (350-500 °C), residence time (30-120 min), and feed concentration (3-10 wt %) was experimentally studied using the response surface methodology in relation to the yield of gasification products. The quadratic models have been suggested for both responses. Based on the models, the quantitative relationship between various operational conditions and the responses will reliably forecast the experimental outcomes. The findings revealed that higher temperatures, longer residence times, and lower feed concentrations favored high gas yields. The lowest tar yield obtained was 2.98 wt %, while the highest gasification efficiency and gas volume attained were 64.27% and 423 mL/g, respectively. The ANOVA test showed that the order of the effects of the factors on all responses except gravimetric tar yield follows temperature > feed concentration > residence time. The gravimetric tar yield followed a different trend: temperature > residence time > feed concentration. The results revealed that SCW gasification could provide an effective mechanism for transforming the energy content of RH into a substantial fuel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhani Bakari
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- Department
of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, The
University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 11090, Dodoma 41000 Tanzania
- . Phone: +255762 830 631
| | - Thomas Kivevele
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Yusufu A. C. Jande
- Department
of Materials, and Energy Sciences and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- African
Center of Excellence for Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy
Futures (WISE-Futures), The Nelson Mandela
African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 9124, Arusha 23000, Tanzania
- . Phone: +255655825866
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Yadav P, Reddy SN. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth for generation of liquid bio-fuels and nano Fe carbon hybrids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123691. [PMID: 32580120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction experiments of iron impregnated water hyacinth were performed with a motive to enhance bio-oil yields along with generation of nanometal carbon hybrids. Iron nanoparticles were impregnated and its metal loading was determined by ICP-MS. The impact of operating parameters like temperature, biomass to water ratio and reaction time on bio-oil yields was studied. During hydrothermal liquefaction a maximum total bio-oil yield of 38.1% was obtained at 280 °C along with formation of nanometal carbon hybrids. The light oil and heavy oil fractions were characterized by GCMS and NMR for determining the key components. The light oil mainly comprises of alkanes, alcohols and esters whereas heavy oil contains esters, ethers, carboxylic acids and phenols. XRD and XPS of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth and residues confirmed the transition of Fe+3/+2 to Fe0. TEM analysis resulted an average particle size of Fe nanoparticles around 19.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Choudhary S, Kumar R, Dalal U, Tomar S, Reddy SN. Green synthesis of nanometal impregnated biomass – antiviral potential. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Mylapilli SVP, Reddy SN. Thermogravimetric and kinetic studies of metal (Ru/Fe) impregnated banana pseudo-stem (Musa acuminate). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121318. [PMID: 30981011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis/gasification have proved to be promising conversion techniques to convert biomass into fuels. The current research work focuses on impregnation of Ru and Fe into banana pseudo-stem to study kinetics, pyrolytic behaviour and their impact during pyrolysis through thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Samples weight loss were analyzed by TGA at four different heating rates (5-20 °C min-1) over the temperature range of 30-900 °C. Isoconversional models such as Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sinose (KAS), and Kissinger's methods were employed to calculate the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for Ru-impregnated (FWO: Eα = 73.32 kJ mol-1, KAS: Eα = 68.23 kJ mol-1 and Kissinger's: Eα = 165.94 kJ mol-1) Fe-impregnated biomass (FWO: Eα = 86.78 kJ mol-1, KAS: Eα = 82.34 kJ mol-1 and Kissinger's: Eα = 192.37 kJ mol-1) and compared with raw biomass (FWO: Eα = 116.22 kJ mol-1, KAS: Eα = 113.39 kJ mol-1 and Kissinger's: Eα = 194.86 kJ mol-1). Lower activation energy and reduced weight loss were observed for metal impregnated biomass over the raw biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S V Prasad Mylapilli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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