1
|
Sarmah N, Mehtab V, Borah K, Palanisamy A, Parthasarathy R, Chenna S. Inverse design of chemoenzymatic epoxidation of soyabean oil through artificial intelligence-driven experimental approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131405. [PMID: 39222857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an inverse design methodology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI)-driven experiments to optimize the chemoenzymatic epoxidation of soyabean oil using hydrogen peroxide and lipase (Novozym 435). First, experiments are conducted using a systematic 3-level, 5-factor Box-Behnken design to explore the effect of input parameters on oxirane oxygen content (OOC (%)). Based on these experiments, various AI models are trained, with the support vector regression (SVR) model being found to be the most accurate. SVR is then used as a fitness function in particle swarm optimization, and the suggested optimal conditions, upon experimental validation, resulted in a maximum OOC of 7.19 % (∼98.5 % relative conversion of oil to epoxy). The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over existing methods. This framework offers a general intensified process optimization strategy with minimal resource utilization that can be applied to any other process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipon Sarmah
- Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC - 3001, Australia
| | - Vazida Mehtab
- Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kashmiri Borah
- Polymers & Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aruna Palanisamy
- Polymers & Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rajarathinam Parthasarathy
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC - 3001, Australia
| | - Sumana Chenna
- Chemical Engineering & Process Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu L, Zou C, Li Q, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tang A. Improving efficiency and reducing enzyme inactivation during lipase-mediated epoxidation of α-pinene in a double-phase reaction system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02902-4. [PMID: 37470869 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic epoxidation of olefin mediated by lipase is a green and environmentally friendly alternative process. However, the mass transfer barrier and lipase deactivation caused by the traditional organic-water biphasic reaction system have always been the focus of researchers' attention. To overcome these issues, we investigated the effects of reaction temperature and two important substrates (H2O2 and acyl donor) on the epoxidation reaction and interfacial mass transfer. As a result, we determined the optimal reaction conditions: a temperature of 30 °C, 30 wt-% H2O2 as the oxygen source, and 1 M lauric acid as the oxygen carrier. Additionally, by simulating the conditions of shaking flask reactions, we designed a batch reactor and added a metal mesh to effectively block the direct contact between high-concentration hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme. Under these optimal conditions, the epoxidation reaction was carried out for 5 h, and the product yield reached a maximum of 93.2%. Furthermore, after seven repetitive experiments, the lipase still maintained a relative activity of 51.2%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Youyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Aixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandolese A, Lamparelli DH, Pericàs MA, Kleij AW. Synthesis of Biorenewable Terpene Monomers Using Enzymatic Epoxidation under Heterogeneous Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:4885-4893. [PMID: 37869721 PMCID: PMC10586497 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A commercially available Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized onto a macroporous support (Novozym 435) has been employed in the presence of H2O2 as a benign oxidant for the epoxidation of various biorenewable terpenes. This epoxidation protocol was explored under both heterogeneous batch and continuous flow conditions. The catalyst recyclability was also investigated demonstrating good activity throughout 10 cycles under batch conditions, while the same catalyst system could also be productively used under continuous flow operation for more than 30 h. This practical and relatively safe sustainable flow epoxidation of di- and trisubstituted alkenes by H2O2 allows for the production of gram quantities of a range of terpene epoxides. As a proof of principle, the same protocol can also be applied to the epoxidation of biobased polymers as a means to post-functionalize these macromolecules and equip them with cross-linkable epoxy groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
for Science & Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David H. Lamparelli
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
for Science & Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
for Science & Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí
Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
for Science & Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu L, Qin Y, Song Y, Tang A, Liu Y. Glutaraldehyde-crosslinked Rhizopus oryzae whole cells show improved catalytic performance in alkene epoxidation. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 36814268 PMCID: PMC9948446 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing methods for alkene epoxidation are based on lipase-catalysed perhydrolysis. However, the inactivation of the expensive lipase enzyme is problematic for enzymatic epoxidation at large scales due to the use of hydrogen peroxide and peracids at high concentrations in the reaction. The immobilisation of whole cells appears to be a promising approach to alleviate this problem. RESULTS A green oxidation system containing hydrogen peroxide, Na3C6H5O7, an acyl donor, and glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked cells of Rhizopus oryzae was developed for the epoxidation of alkenes. GA-crosslinked cells of Rhizopus oryzae were adopted as a biocatalyst into the epoxidation system. A variety of alkenes were oxidised with this system, with a 56-95% analytical yield of the corresponding epoxides. The catalytic performance of the crosslinked treated cells was substantially improved compared to that of the untreated cells and the initial reaction rate increased from 126.71 to 234.72 mmol/L/h, retaining 83% yields even after four batches of reactions. The addition of 3.5 mmol Na3C6H5O7 not only acts as an acid-trapping reagent to eliminate the negative effect of the carboxylic acid on the alkene oxide but also forms a saturated salt solution with the aqueous phase, affecting the concentration of H2O2 in the three phases and thus the epoxidation reaction. Organic solvents with a logP value > 0.68 were good at producing hydroxy peracids; however, this method is only suitable for oxidation in a two-liquid phase. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other lipase biocatalysts, the GA-crosslinked whole-cell biocatalyst is inexpensive, readily available, and highly stable. Therefore, it can be considered promising for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yimin Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yufeng Song
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Aixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Youyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brandolese A, Kleij AW. Catalyst Engineering Empowers the Creation of Biomass-Derived Polyesters and Polycarbonates. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1634-1645. [PMID: 35648973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe introduction of circular principles in chemical manufacturing will drastically change the way everyday plastics are produced, thereby affecting several aspects of the respective value chains in terms of raw feedstock, recyclability, and cost. The ultimate aim is to ensure a paradigm shift toward plastic-based (consumer) materials that overall can offer a more attractive and sustainable carbon footprint, which is an important requisite from a societal, political, and eventually economical point of view. To realize this important milestone, it is vitally important to control the polymerization processes associated with the creation of novel sustainable materials. In this respect, we realized that expanding the portfolio of biomass-derived monomers may indeed create an impetus for atom circularity; however, the often sterically congested nature of biomass-derived monomers minimizes the ability of previously developed catalysts to activate and transform these precursors. Our motivation was thus spurred by an apparent lack of catalysts suitable for addressing the conversion of such biomonomers, as we realized the potential that new catalytic processes could have to advance and contribute to the development of sustainable materials produced from polycarbonates and polyesters. These two classes of polymers represent crucial ingredients of important and large-scale consumer products and are therefore ideal fits for implementing new catalytic protocols that enable a gradual transition to plastic materials with an improved carbon footprint.When we started our research expedition, the field was dominated by metal catalysts that incorporated preferred, and in some cases even privileged, ligand backbones (such as salens) able to mediate both ring-opening and ring-opening copolymerization manifolds. One major drawback of these aforementioned catalysts is their rather rigid nature, a feature that reduces their ability to act as adaptive systems, especially in cases where bulky monomers are involved. While our initial focus was on the utilization of sustainable metal salen complexes (M = Zn, Fe) for the activation of small cyclic ethers, which are privileged monomers for polyester and polycarbonate production, we were rapidly confronted with severe limitations related to their inability to activate a wider range of complex epoxides and oxetanes, which was imparted by the planar coordination geometry of the salen ligand in most of its applied metal complexes. In our quest to find a catalytically more effective metal complex with the ability to electronically and sterically tune its substrate-binding and substrate-activation potential, we identified aminotriphenolates as structurally versatile, easily accessible, and scalable ligands for various earth-abundant metal cations. Moreover, the ligand backbone allows for switchable coordination environments around the metal centers, thus offering the necessary adaptation in substrate activation events.This Account describes how Al(III)- and Fe(III)-centered aminotriphenolates have conquered a prominent position as catalyst components in the synthesis of new biobased polyester and polycarbonate architectures, thereby changing the landscape of previously difficult to convert biomonomers, and expanding the chemical space of biobased functional polymers. With the ever-increasing influence of legislation and the restrictions placed on the use of fossil-fuel-based feedstock, the polymer industry needs viable alternatives to design materials that are greener, cost-effective, and allow for the exploration and optimization of their recycling and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brandolese
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmat YM, Kaliaguine S. Epoxidation of Limonene and Pinenes by Dimethyldioxirane in Microemulsions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
7
|
Huang ZY, Jiao MR, Gu X, Zhai ZR, Li JQ, Zhang QW. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2-Limonene Epoxides by Jacobsen Epoxidation. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported an asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-limonene epoxides. The absolute stereochemistry was controlled by a Jacobsen epoxidation of cis-1,2-limonene epoxide (with diastereomeric excess of 98%) and trans-1,2-limonene epoxide (with diastereomeric excess of 94%), which could be used as important raw materials for the preparation of related cannabinoid drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Huang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Ru Jiao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ran Zhai
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomar R, Jain S, Yadav P, Bajaj T, Mohajer F, Ziarani GM. Conversion of Limonene over Heterogeneous Catalysis: An Overview. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:414-425. [PMID: 34429049 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210824101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural terpene limonene is widely found in nature. The (R)-limonene (the most abundant enantiomer) is present in the essential oils of lemon, orange, and other citrus fruits, while the (S)-limonene is found in peppermint and the racemate in turpentine oil. Limonene is a low-cost, low toxicity biodegradable terpene present in agricultural wastes derived from citrus peels. The products obtained from the conversion of limonene are valuable compounds widely used as additives for food, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals. The conversion of limonene to produce different products has been the subject of intense research, mainly with the objective to improve catalytic systems. This review focused on the application of heterogeneous catalysts in the catalytic conversion of limonene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505. India
| | - Swati Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
| | - Purnima Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
| | - Tanima Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana-122505. India
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007. India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nikulin M, Švedas V. Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:2750. [PMID: 34067052 PMCID: PMC8124709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Nikulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su W, Li Q, Liu Y, Qin Y, Liu H, Tang A. Improved efficiency of lipase-mediated epoxidation of α-pinene using H2O2 in single-phase systems. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Muley AB, Awasthi S, Bhalerao PP, Jadhav NL, Singhal RS. Preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase from Aspergillus niger: process optimization, characterization, stability, and application for epoxidation of lemongrass oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1383-1404. [PMID: 33660099 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of lipase were prepared after fractional precipitation with 40-50% ammonium sulfate and then cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The process variables for the preparation of lipase-CLEAs such as glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-linking period, and initial pH of medium were optimized. The optimized conditions for the preparation of lipase-CLEAs were 25 mM/80 min/pH 7.0, and 31.62 mM/90 min/pH 6.0 with one factor at a time approach and numerical optimization with central composite design, respectively. Lipase-CLEAs were characterized by particle size analysis, SEM, and FTIR. Cross-linking not only shifted the optimal pH and temperature from 7.0 to 7.5 and 40-45 to 45-50 °C, but also altered the secondary structure. Lipase-CLEAs showed an increase in Km by 7.70%, and a decrease in Vmax by 16.63%. Lipase-CLEAs presented better thermostability than free lipase as evident from thermal inactivation constants (t1/2, D and Ed value), and thermodynamic parameters (Ed, ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS°) in the range of 50-70 °C. Lipase-CLEAs retained more than 65% activity up to four cycles and showed good storage stability for 12 days when stored at 4 ± 2 °C. They were successfully utilized for the epoxidation of lemongrass oil which was confirmed by changes in iodine value, epoxide value, and FTIR spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bhimrao Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Sneha Awasthi
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prasanna Prakash Bhalerao
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Nilesh Lakshaman Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Rekha Satishchandra Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salvi H, Yadav GD. Chemoenzymatic Epoxidation of Limonene Using a Novel Surface-Functionalized Silica Catalyst Derived from Agricultural Waste. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22940-22950. [PMID: 32954143 PMCID: PMC7495740 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Limonene is one of the most important terpenes having wide applications in food and fragrance industries. The epoxide of limonene, limonene oxide, finds important applications as a versatile synthetic intermediate in the chemical industry. Therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize limonene oxide using eco-friendly processes because of stringent regulations on its production. In this regard, we have attempted to synthesize it using a cost-effective and eco-friendly process. Chemoenzymatic epoxidation of limonene to limonene oxide was carried out using in situ generation of peroxy octanoic acid from octanoic acid and H2O2. In this study, agricultural-waste rice husk ash (RHA)-derived silica was surface-functionalized using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTS), which was cross-linked using glutaraldehyde for immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme was entrapped in calcium alginate beads to avoid enzyme leaching. Thus, limonene oxide was prepared using this catalyst under conventional and microwave heating. The microwave irradiation intensifies the process, reducing the reaction time under the same conditions. Maximum conversion of limonene to limonene oxide of 75.35 ± 0.98% was obtained in 2 h at 50 °C using a microwave power of 50 W. In the absence of microwave irradiation, the conventional heating gave 44.6 ± 1.14% conversion in 12 h. The reaction mechanism was studied using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, which follows a ternary complex mechanism with inhibition due to peroxyoctanoic acid (in other words H2O2). The prepared catalyst shows high reusability and operational stability up to four cycles.
Collapse
|