1
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Rahaman M, Paikaray B, Islam M, Mondal S, Moharana J, Pandiaraj S, Periyasami G, Giri R. Simultaneous Effect of EBR on LLDPE and PDMS Rubber Blends and Its Nanocomposites for Cable Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:828-836. [PMID: 38222534 PMCID: PMC10785612 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The impact of electron beam radiation on the blend of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber at different doses from 50 to 300 kGy has been investigated. The irradiated sheets were examined for their morphology, gel content, thermal stability, melt behavior, and electrical and dielectric properties. The radiation treatment has reduced both the melting point and crystallinity of base polymers and their blends because of chain scission. As observed, 100 kGy doses of irradiated blend and 3 wt % of loaded nanosilica composite showed comparatively good thermal stability. The phase morphology of the LLDPE: PDMS rubber blend showed a honeycomb-like design before irradiation because of two-stage morphology, which prominently changed into a solitary stage after electron beam irradiation. This is because of intermolecular cross-link arrangement inside the singular parts, just like cross-linking development at the interface. From the AQFESEM study, it is observed that the stacking of nanosilica particles within the blend matrix is greatly reduced after electron beam irradiation. The addition of nanosilica within the blend increased the electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity. The dielectric breakdown strength has been observed to be the highest for 3 wt % loaded nanocomposite and its irradiated sample. The result indicates that the nanocomposite can be utilized for high-voltage cable applications in indoor and outdoor fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bibhudatta Paikaray
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, GITA Autonomous
College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752054, India
| | - Mobasserul Islam
- Department
of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Department
of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | | | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhashyam Giri
- Department
of Plastics Technology, CIPET: Institute
of Petrochemicals Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600032, India
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2
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Tong Y, Cheng H, Yang D, Ding J, Guo Q. The Improved DC Breakdown Strength Induced by Enhanced Interaction between SiO 2 Nanoparticles and LLDPE Matrix. Molecules 2023; 28:4908. [PMID: 37446569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct current (DC) power transmission systems have received great attention because it can easily integrate many types of renewable energies and have low energy loss in long-distance and large-capacity power transmission for electricity global sharing. Nanoparticles (NPs) have a positive effect on the insulation properties of polymers, but weak interaction between NPs and polymer matrix greatly decreases the effort of NPs on the enhancement of insulation properties, and thereby limits its engineering application. In this work, grafting strategy was used to link the modified NPs and polymer matrix to improve their interactions. Silica NPs (SiO2-NPs) were modified by 3-(methacrylyloxy) propyl-trimethoxysilane (MPS) to introduce highly active groups on the SiO2-NPs surface, followed by the pre-irradiated linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) being easily grafted onto the MPS modified SiO2-NPs (MPS-SiO2-NPs) in the melt blending process to obtain LLDPE-g-MPS-SiO2-NPs nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the successful incorporation of MPS into SiO2-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verifies that the modified SiO2-NPs exhibits more uniform distribution. The rheology result shows that the interaction between MPS-SiO2-NPs and LLDPE significantly improves. More importantly, the LLDPE-g-MPS-SiO2-NPs nanocomposites displays superior DC breakdown strength to that fabricated by conventional modification methods. When the addition of MPS-SiO2-NPs is 0.1 wt%, the highest DC breakdown strength values of 525 kV/mm and 372 kV/mm are obtained at 30 °C and 70 °C, respectively, and high DC breakdown strength can be well maintained in a wide loading range of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yujie Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Huili Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Qiyang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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3
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Abdul Razak NI, Yusoff NISM, Ahmad MH, Zulkifli M, Wahit MU. Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Crosslinked Polyethylene Nanocomposite with Hybrid Nanofillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071702. [PMID: 37050316 PMCID: PMC10096733 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposite has superior insulation performance due to its excellent dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties. The incorporation of nano-sized fillers drastically improved these properties in XLPE matrix due to the reinforcing effect of interfacial region between the XLPE–nanofillers. Good interfacial strength can be further improved by introducing a hybrid system nanofiller as a result of synergistic interaction between the nanofiller relative to a single filler system. Another factor affecting interfacial strength is the amount of hybrid nanofiller. Therefore, the incorporation amount of hybridising layered double hydroxide (LDH) with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofiller into the XLPE matrix was investigated. Herein, the influence of hybrid nanofiller content and the 1:1 ratio of LDH to Al2O3 on the dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposite was studied. The structure and morphology of the XLPE/LDH-Al2O3 nanocomposites revealed that the hybridisation of nanofiller improved the dispersion state. The dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties, including partial discharge resistance, AC breakdown strength, and tensile properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break) were enhanced since it was influenced by the synergetic effect of the LDH-Al2O3 nanofiller. These properties were increased at optimal value of 0.8 wt.% before decreasing with increasing hybrid nanofiller. It was found that the value of PD magnitude improvement went down to 47.8% and AC breakdown strength increased by 15.6% as compared to pure XLPE. The mechanical properties were enhanced by 14.4%, 31.7%, and 23% for tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break, respectively. Of note, the hybridisation of nanofillers opens a new perspective in developing insulating material based on XLPE nanocomposite.
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Mao HD, Zhang TT, Guo ZY, Bai DY, Wang J, Xiu H, Fu Q. A Cross-linked Polyethylene with Recyclability and Mechanical Robustness Enabled by Establishment of Multiple Hydrogen Bonds Network via Reactive Melt Blending. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Zhao Y, Mao H, Zhang T, Guo Z, Bai D, Bai H, Zhang Q, Xiu H, Fu Q. Mechanically Robust, Heat-Resistant, and Reprocessable Polyethylene Vitrimers Cross-Linked by β-Hydroxy Ester Bonds via Reactive Processing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youbo Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongda Mao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhenyou Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Dongyu Bai
- Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Materials Engineering and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hao Xiu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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6
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Gao JG, Liu HS, Lee TT, Schachtely U, Kobayashi H, Li LL. Effect of Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Nanostructured TiO2 on Space Charge and Breakdown Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142762. [PMID: 35890539 PMCID: PMC9316997 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) has received more and more attention in the field of insulating materials as a recyclable thermoplastic. To further enhance the applicability of polypropylene in the field of insulation, it needs to be modified to improve its electrical properties. In this paper, the impact mechanism of AEROXIDE® TiO2 P 90 (P90) and AEROXIDE® TiO2 NKT 90 (NKT90) as nanosized hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed titania from Evonik on the electrical properties of PP was studied mainly through the crystallization behavior and space charge distribution of PP nanocomposites. Two kinds of nanostructured TiO2 were melt-blended with PP according to four types of contents. The results of alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) breakdown field strength of the two materials were explained by studying the microstructure and space charge characteristics of the nanocomposites. Among them, hydrophilic nanostructured TiO2 are agglomerated when the content is low. The spherulite size of the nanocomposite is large, the space charge suppression ability is poor, the charge is easy to penetrate into the pattern, and the AC/DC breakdown field strength is significantly reduced. However, hydrophobic nanostructured TiO2 has better dispersion in PP, smaller spherulites, more regular arrangement, and less space charge accumulation. The charge penetration occurs only when the nanostructured material content is 2 wt%, and the AC/DC breakdown strength increases by 20.8% at the highest when the nanostructured material content is 1 wt%. It provides the possibility to prepare recyclable high-performance DC PP composite insulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Guo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-S.L.); (L.-L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hong-Shuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-S.L.); (L.-L.L.)
| | - Ting-Tai Lee
- Evonik Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China;
| | - Uwe Schachtely
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, 63457 Essen, Germany;
| | | | - Li-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (H.-S.L.); (L.-L.L.)
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7
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A Comparison of Electrical Breakdown Models for Polyethylene Nanocomposites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of direct current high-voltage power cables requires insulating materials having excellent electrically insulation properties. Experiments show that appropriate nanodoping can improve the breakdown strength of polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites. Research indicates that traps, free volumes, and molecular displacement are key factors affecting the breakdown strength. This study comprehensively considered the space charge transport, electron energy gain, and molecular chain long-distance movement during the electrical breakdown process. In addition, we established three simulation models focusing on the electric field distortion due to space charges captured by traps, the energy gain of mobile electrons in free volumes, the free volume expansion caused by long-distance movement of molecular chains under the Coulomb force, and the energy gained by the electrons moving in the enlarged free volumes. The three simulation models considered the electrical breakdown modulated by space charges, with a maximum electric field criterion and a maximum electron energy criterion, and the electrical breakdown modulated by the molecular displacement (EBMD), with a maximum electron energy criterion. These three models were utilized to simulate the breakdown strength dependent on the nanofiller content of PE nanocomposites. The simulation results of the EBMD model coincided best with the experimental results. It was revealed that the breakdown electric field of PE nanodielectrics is improved synergistically by both the strong trapping effect of traps and the strong binding effect of molecular chains in the interfacial regions.
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8
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Sharshir AI, Fayek SA, Abd El-Gawad AF, Farahat MA, Ismail MI, Ghobashy MM. Experimental investigation of E-beam effect on the electric field distribution in cross-linked polyethylene/ZnO nanocomposites for medium-voltage cables simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigated the electric field distribution of underground cable insulation in cross-linked polyethylene/zinc oxide (XLPE/ ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for medium-voltage (MV) cables. The ZnO NPs that were obtained by three methods of preparation were classified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained ZnO NPs were semi-spheres with sizes of 35–55 nm on TEM images. XLPE/ ZnO films with various ZnO NP weight contents (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5%) were exposed to varied dosages of 3-MeV electron beam (EB); 0 kGy, 15 kGy, 20 kGy, and 25 kGy. The optimum film XLPE/ 5-ZnO, which has ZnO NP content (5 wt%), irradiated at 25 kGy, according to alternating current (AC)/ DC conductivity (AC: 1 × 10−4 S/m; DC: 12.44 × 10−2 S/m) in minimum relative permittivity (2.24), was obtained. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the electric field distribution within an MV cable of 25-kGy XLPE/ 5-ZnO insulation. The maximum uniform electric field was found in the middle of the 25-kGy XLPE/5-ZnO film sample, rather than at the top or bottom, which might be attributed to the significantly low relative permittivity of the new 25-kGy XLPE/5-ZnO film cable.
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9
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Thomas J, Thomas ME, Abraham J, Francis B, Ahmad Z, Patanair B, Saiter‐Fourcin A, Jaroszewski M, Rouxel D, Kalarikkal N, Thomas S. Exploring the reinforcing mechanism and micromechanical models for the interphase characteristics in melt mixed
XLPE‐fumed SiO
2
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jince Thomas
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry St. Berchmans College Changanassery India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | | | - Jiji Abraham
- Department of Chemistry Vimala College (Autonomous) Thrissur India
| | - Bejoy Francis
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry St. Berchmans College Changanassery India
| | - Zakiah Ahmad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Mara Shah Alam Malaysia
| | - Bindu Patanair
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM Normandie Univ Rouen France
| | | | - Maciej Jaroszewski
- Department of Electrical Engineering Fundamentals Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Didier Rouxel
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS7198 Universit é de Lorraine Vandoeuvre‐Lès Nancy France
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- School of Energy Materials Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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10
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Li S, Chen P, Zhou D, Hou M, Wan S, Cheng Q, Yu D. Characterization of shape memory silane cross‐linked low‐density polyethylene prepared by solid‐phase grafting process. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Peirou Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Dewen Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Mengqi Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Shanke Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Qian Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Dongtao Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China
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11
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Zhang X, Yang F, Sun X, Li W, Yao Z. Effects of Modified Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Electrical Insulation Properties of
LLDPE
/
EAA
Nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Fanghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Wenfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhanhai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
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12
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Chen L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ge X, Li G, Wang L. N-Hydroxyphthalimide catalyzed hydrazination of polyethylene glycol. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Naveen J, Sarathi R, Imai T. Understanding the impact of gamma irradiation of epoxy titania nanocomposites on surface and bulk charge characteristics. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab9d6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epoxy titania nanocomposites were prepared under optimum process conditions through shear mixing of titania nanoparticles in to epoxy resin, for its potential application as insulant in nuclear power plants and space applications. The complex intrinsic nature of properties, its characteristic variation due to ageing of nanocomposite insulating material upon its continuous exposure to gamma irradiation, and their charge trap and space charge characteristics are explored. Surface potential variation studies were carried out under DC voltage. In the present study, the charge trap performance was assessed under switching impulse voltage. It is observed that surface potential decay and shallow trap formation are high with gamma irradiated specimen. In addition, the potential decay is high under switching impulse voltage compared to DC voltage. Also, the trap depth formed is less under switching impulse voltage compared to DC voltage and it is high under negative DC voltage. The space charge analysis through Pulsed electro acoustic (PEA) studies has shown increase in accumulation of space charge and enhancement of electric field with increase in dosage of gamma-irradiation. Polarity reversal tests have revealed that the electric field enhancement is high before reversal of polarity, irrespective of level of gamma irradiation dosage. The direct correlation between characteristic variation in trap depth values with the gamma irradiated specimen and its contact angle was observed.
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14
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Zhao XD, Zhao H, Sun WF. Significantly Improved Electrical Properties of Crosslinked Polyethylene Modified by UV-Initiated Grafting MAH. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E62. [PMID: 31906364 PMCID: PMC7023548 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct current (DC) electrical performances of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) have been evidently improved by developing graft modification technique with ultraviolet (UV) photon-initiation. Maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules with characteristic cyclic anhydride were successfully grafted to polyethylene molecules under UV irradiation, which can be efficiently realized in industrial cable production. The complying laws of electrical current varying with electric field and the Weibull statistics of dielectric breakdown strength at altered temperature for cable operation were analyzed to study the underlying mechanism of improving electrical insulation performances. Compared with pure XLPE, the appreciably decreased electrical conductivity and enhanced breakdown strength were achieved in XLPE-graft-MAH. The critical electric fields of the electrical conduction altering from ohm conductance to trap-limited mechanism significantly decrease with the increased testing temperature, which, however, can be remarkably raised by grafting MAH. At elevated temperatures, the dominant carrier transport mechanism of pure XLPE alters from Poole-Frenkel effect to Schottky injection, while and XLPE-graft-MAH materials persist in the electrical conductance dominated by Poole-Frenkel effect. The polar group of grafted MAH renders deep traps for charge carriers in XLPE-graft-MAH, and accordingly elevate the charge injection barrier and reduce charge mobility, resulting in the suppression of DC electrical conductance and the remarkable amelioration of insulation strength. The well agreement of experimental results with the quantum mechanics calculations suggests a prospective strategy of UV initiation for polar-molecule-grafting modification in the development of high-voltage DC cable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Wei-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
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15
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Krishnan S, Asua JM, Kothare MV. Preface to the Mohamed El-Aasser Festschrift. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sitaraman Krishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, University of the Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Mayuresh V. Kothare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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