|
1
|
Choe G, Kim H, Kwon J, Jung W, Park KY, Kim YT. Re-evaluation of battery-grade lithium purity toward sustainable batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1185. [PMID: 38332123 PMCID: PMC10853534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the cost of lithium-ion batteries has risen as the price of lithium raw materials has soared and fluctuated. Notably, the highest cost of lithium production comes from the impurity elimination process to satisfy the battery-grade purity of over 99.5%. Consequently, re-evaluating the impact of purity becomes imperative for affordable lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we unveil that a 1% Mg impurity in the lithium precursor proves beneficial for both the lithium production process and the electrochemical performance of resulting cathodes. This is attributed to the increased nucleation seeds and unexpected site-selective doping effects. Moreover, when extended to an industrial scale, low-grade lithium is found to reduce production costs and CO2 emissions by up to 19.4% and 9.0%, respectively. This work offers valuable insights into the genuine sustainability of lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gogwon Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsub Kim
- Neutron Science Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111 Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-Gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesub Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Jung
- Lithium Materials Research Group, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), 67 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Young Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Yan H, Liu Y, Peng H, Li K, Li C, Jiang S, Chen M, Han D, Gong J. Improving calcium citrate food functions through spherulitic growth in reactive crystallization and a mechanism study. Food Chem 2023; 404:134550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
|
3
|
Nucleation–Oxidation coupled technology for High-Nickel ternary cathode recycling of spent Lithium-ion batteries. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
|
4
|
Cui P, Yang W, Jia L, Zhou L, Zhang M, Bao Y, Xie C, Hou B, Yin Q. Spherulitic Growth Strategy for Agitation-Induced Formation of Spherical Amoxicillin Sodium Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Tan J, Wang Q, Lin Y, Xiang X. Direct preparation of battery‐grade lithium carbonate via a nucleation–crystallization isolating process intensified by a micro‐liquid film reactor. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Cheng X, Huang X, Tian B, Wang T, Hao H. Behaviors and physical mechanism of ceftezole sodium de-agglomeration driven by ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 74:105570. [PMID: 33930689 PMCID: PMC8100626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated method, which can effectively disperse agglomerates or even eliminate agglomeration, has received more and more attentions in industrial crystallization. However, the ultrasound-mediated de-agglomeration mechanism has not been well understood, and no general conclusions have been drawn. In this study, the crystallization and de-agglomeration process of ceftezole sodium agglomerates under ultrasound irradiation were systematically investigated. Kapur function was selected to investigate the de-agglomeration process under different ultrasonic powers. The results revealed that ultrasound could efficiently inhibit agglomeration. Besides, the de-agglomeration of large sized agglomerate particles was found to be easier to occur in comparison with small sized particles due to its higher specific breakage rate. Finally, the de-agglomeration mechanism under ultrasonic irradiation was proposed on the basis of the calculated cumulative breakage functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Beiqian Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Wang L, Su M. The Agglomeration of Niacin Crystals in the Cooling Crystallization Process. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Min Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology 8 Guangrong Road, Hongqiao District Tianjin 300130 China
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
|
|
9
|
Yang J, Cui Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Xu S, Wu S, Wang J, Gong J. Transformation between Two Types of Spherulitic Growth: Tuning the Morphology of Spherulitic Nitroguanidine in a Gelatin Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yingdan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Songgu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|