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Bassani CL, van Anders G, Banin U, Baranov D, Chen Q, Dijkstra M, Dimitriyev MS, Efrati E, Faraudo J, Gang O, Gaston N, Golestanian R, Guerrero-Garcia GI, Gruenwald M, Haji-Akbari A, Ibáñez M, Karg M, Kraus T, Lee B, Van Lehn RC, Macfarlane RJ, Mognetti BM, Nikoubashman A, Osat S, Prezhdo OV, Rotskoff GM, Saiz L, Shi AC, Skrabalak S, Smalyukh II, Tagliazucchi M, Talapin DV, Tkachenko AV, Tretiak S, Vaknin D, Widmer-Cooper A, Wong GCL, Ye X, Zhou S, Rabani E, Engel M, Travesset A. Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advances and Open Problems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14791-14840. [PMID: 38814908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Bassani
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Greg van Anders
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qian Chen
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter & Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael S Dimitriyev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jordi Faraudo
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Nicola Gaston
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ramin Golestanian
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - G Ivan Guerrero-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78295 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Michael Gruenwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Karg
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Colloid and Interface Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53717, USA
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bortolo M Mognetti
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Saeed Osat
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI-DS), 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Grant M Rotskoff
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Leonor Saiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sara Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428 Argentina
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alexei V Tkachenko
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David Vaknin
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center of Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex Travesset
- Iowa State University and Ames Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Bassani CL, Engel M, Sum AK. Mesomorphology of clathrate hydrates from molecular ordering. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:190901. [PMID: 38767264 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Clathrate hydrates are crystals formed by guest molecules that stabilize cages of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Whereas thermodynamic equilibrium is well described via the van der Waals and Platteeuw approach, the increasing concerns with global warming and energy transition require extending the knowledge to non-equilibrium conditions in multiphase, sheared systems, in a multiscale framework. Potential macro-applications concern the storage of carbon dioxide in the form of clathrates, and the reduction of hydrate inhibition additives currently required in hydrocarbon production. We evidence porous mesomorphologies as key to bridging the molecular scales to macro-applications of low solubility guests. We discuss the coupling of molecular ordering with the mesoscales, including (i) the emergence of porous patterns as a combined factor from the walk over the free energy landscape and 3D competitive nucleation and growth and (ii) the role of molecular attachment rates in crystallization-diffusion models that allow predicting the timescale of pore sealing. This is a perspective study that discusses the use of discrete models (molecular dynamics) to build continuum models (phase field models, crystallization laws, and transport phenomena) to predict multiscale manifestations at a feasible computational cost. Several advances in correlated fields (ice, polymers, alloys, and nanoparticles) are discussed in the scenario of clathrate hydrates, as well as the challenges and necessary developments to push the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Bassani
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amadeu K Sum
- Phases to Flow Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Marques DC, Bassani CL, Kakitani C, Marcelino Neto MA, Sum AK, Morales RE. Mapping Wall Deposition Trends of Gas Hydrates: I. Gas-Water-Hydrate Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C. Marques
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, Curitiba CEP 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos L. Bassani
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, Curitiba CEP 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Celina Kakitani
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, Curitiba CEP 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Moisés A. Marcelino Neto
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, Curitiba CEP 81280-340, PR, Brazil
| | - Amadeu K. Sum
- Phases to Flow Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rigoberto E.M. Morales
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, Curitiba CEP 81280-340, PR, Brazil
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Bassani CL, Herri JM, Cameirão A, Morales REM, Sum AK. Defining a Slurry Phase Map for Gas Hydrate Management in Multiphase Flow Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L. Bassani
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, Departement PEG, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000 Bloco N, CEP 81280-340, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Jean-Michel Herri
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, Departement PEG, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ana Cameirão
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, Departement PEG, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rigoberto E. M. Morales
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology−Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000 Bloco N, CEP 81280-340, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Amadeu K. Sum
- Phases to Flow Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Song G, Ning Y, Guo P, Li Y, Wang W. Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil-Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6838-6845. [PMID: 34036780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates can readily form in deep-water-oil production processes and pose a great threat to subsea pipeline flow assurance. The usage of surfactants and hydrate antiagglomerants is a common strategy to prevent hydrate hazards. In water/wax-containing oil systems, hydrate coexisting with wax could lead to more complex and risky transportation conditions. Moreover, the effectiveness of surfactants and hydrate antiagglomerants in the presence of wax should be further evaluated. In this work, for the purpose of investigating how wax and surfactants could affect hydrate growth at the oil-water interface, a series of microexperiments was conducted in an atmospheric visual cell where the nucleation and growth of hydrates took place on a water droplet surrounded by wax-containing oils. On the basis of the experimental phenomena observed using a microscope, the formation of a hydrate shell by lateral growth, the collapse of a water droplet after hydrate initial formation, and the formation of hollow-conical hydrate crystals were identified. These experimental phenomena were closely related to the concentration of wax and surfactant used in each case. In addition, it was shown that the effectiveness of the surfactant could be weakened by wax molecules. Moreover, there existed a critical wax content above which the effectiveness of the surfactant was greatly reduced and the critical wax content gradually increased with increasing surfactant concentration. This work could provide guidance for hydrate management in wax-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
| | - Yuanxing Ning
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
| | - Penghao Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
| | - Wuchang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580 Shandong, China
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Manakov AY, Stoporev AS. Physical chemistry and technological applications of gas hydrates: topical aspects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Song G, Ning Y, Li Y, Wang W. Investigation on hydrate growth at the oil–water interface: In the presence of asphaltene. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mohr S, Hoevelmann F, Wylde J, Schelero N, Sarria J, Purkayastha N, Ward Z, Navarro Acero P, Michalis VK. Ranking the Efficiency of Gas Hydrate Anti-agglomerants through Molecular Dynamic Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1487-1502. [PMID: 33529037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using both computational and experimental methods, the capacity of four different surfactant molecules to inhibit the agglomeration of sII hydrate particles was assessed. The computational simulations were carried out using both steered and non-steered molecular dynamics (MD), simulating the coalescence process of a hydrate slab and a water droplet, both covered with surfactant molecules. The surfactants were ranked according to free energy calculations (steered MD) and the number of agglomeration events (non-steered MD). The experimental work was based on rocking cell measurements, determining the minimum effective dose necessary to inhibit agglomeration. Overall, good agreement was obtained between the performance predicted by the simulations and the experimental measurements. Moreover, the simulations allowed us to gain additional insights that are not directly accessible via experiments, such as an analysis of the mass density profiles, the diffusion coefficients, or the orientations of the long tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mohr
- Nextmol (Bytelab Solutions SL), Barcelona 08018, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Wylde
- Clariant Oil Services, Clariant Corporation, Houston, Texas 77258, United States.,Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | | | - Juan Sarria
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Frankfurt 65933, Germany
| | | | - Zachary Ward
- Clariant Oil Services, Clariant Corporation, Houston, Texas 77258, United States
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Song G, Ning Y, Li Y, Wang W. Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil-Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14881-14891. [PMID: 33216559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In oil industry, the coexistence of hydrate and wax can result in a severe challenge to subsea flow assurance. In order to study the effects of wax on hydrate growth at the oil-water interface, a series of microexperiments were conducted in a self-made reactor, where hydrates gradually nucleated and grew on the surface of a water droplet immersed in wax-containing oil. According to the micro-observations, hydrate shells formed at the oil-water interface in the absence of kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI). The roughness and growth rate of hydrate shells were analyzed, and the effects of wax were investigated. In addition, vertical growth of the hydrate shell was observed in the presence of wax, and a mechanism was proposed for illustration. In the presence of KHI, small hydrate crystals formed separately at the oil-water interface instead of hydrate shells. The presence of KHI reduced the growth rate of hydrates and changed the wettability of hydrates. Moreover, the presence of wax showed no obvious effect on the effectiveness of KHI under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
| | - Yuanxing Ning
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
| | - Wuchang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, PR China
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Bassani CL, Kakitani C, Herri JM, Sum AK, Morales REM, Cameirão A. A Multiscale Approach for Gas Hydrates Considering Structure, Agglomeration, and Transportability under Multiphase Flow Conditions: III. Agglomeration Model. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L. Bassani
- Departement PEG, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, CEP, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celina Kakitani
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, CEP, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jean-Michel Herri
- Departement PEG, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amadeu K. Sum
- Phases to Flow Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rigoberto E. M. Morales
- Multiphase Flow Research Center (NUEM), Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Rua Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado, 5000, Bloco N, CEP, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Cameirão
- Departement PEG, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SPIN, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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