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Ramezani M, Ellis SN, Riabtseva A, Cunningham MF, Jessop PG. CO 2-Responsive Low Molecular Weight Polymer with High Osmotic Pressure as a Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49259-49269. [PMID: 38162778 PMCID: PMC10753694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in the development of forward osmosis (FO) technology is to identify a suitable draw solute that can generate a large osmotic pressure with favorable water flux while being easy to recover after the FO process with a minimum of energy expenditure. While the CO2- and thermo-responsive linear poly(N,N-dimethylallylamine) polymer (l-PDMAAm) has been reported as a promising draw agent for forward osmosis desalination, the draw solutions sufficiently concentrated to have high osmotic pressure were too viscous to be usable in industrial operations. We now compare the viscosities and osmotic pressures of solutions of these polymers at low and high molecular weights and with/without branching. The best combination of high osmotic pressures with low viscosity can be obtained by using low molecular weights rather than branching. Aqueous solutions of the synthesized polymer showed a high osmotic pressure of 170 bar under CO2 (πCO2) at 50 wt% loading, generating a high water flux against NaCl feed solutions in the FO process. Under air, however, the same polymer showed a low osmotic pressure and a cloud point between 26 and 33 °C (depending on concentration), which facilitates the recovery of the polymer after it has been used as a draw agent in the FO process upon removal of CO2 from the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Ramezani
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - Sarah N. Ellis
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | - Anna Riabtseva
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
| | | | - Philip G. Jessop
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6,Canada
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Moon J, Kang H. Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:211. [PMID: 36837713 PMCID: PMC9959785 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) as the draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system was investigated through a study on the effect of the structural change of the anion on the FO performance. This study evaluated ILs composed of tetrabutylphosphonium cation ([P4444]+) and benzenesulfonate anion ([BS]-), para-position alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonate anions (p-methylbenzenesulfonate ([MBS]-) and p-ethylbenzenesulfonate ([EBS-]), and methanesulfonate anion ([MS]-). The analysis of the thermo-responsive properties suggested that the [P4444][MBS] and [P4444][EBS] ILs have lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), which play a beneficial role in terms of the reusability of the draw solute from the diluted draw solutions after the water permeation process. At 20 wt% of an aqueous solution, the LCSTs of [P4444][MBS] and [P4444][EBS] were approximately 36 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The water flux and reverse solute flux of the [P4444][MBS] aqueous solution with higher osmolality than [P4444][EBS] were 7.36 LMH and 5.89 gMH in the active-layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) mode at osmotic pressure of 25 atm (20 wt% solution), respectively. These results indicate that the [P4444]+-based ionic structured materials with LCST are practically advantageous for application as draw solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7720; Fax: +82-51-200-7728
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Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid with Different Cation-Anion Pairs as Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248869. [PMID: 36558001 PMCID: PMC9781059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized various phosphonium- and ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs), using benzenesulfonate (BS) and 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (MBS) to establish the criteria for designing an ideal draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system. Additionally, the effects of monocationic, dicationic, and anionic species on FO performance were studied. Monocationic compounds ([P4444][BS], [P4444][MBS], [N4444][BS], and [N4444][MBS]) were obtained in one step via anion exchange. Dicationic compounds ([(P4444)2][BS], [(P4444)2][MBS], [(N4444)2][BS], and [(N4444)2][MBS]) were prepared in two steps via a Menshutkin SN2 reaction and anion exchange. We also investigated the suitability of ILs as draw solutes for FO systems. The aqueous [P4444][BS], [N4444][BS], [N4444][MBS], and [(N4444)2][BS] solutions did not exhibit thermoresponsive behavior. However, 20 wt% [P4444][MBS], [(P4444)2][BS], [(P4444)2][MBS], and [(N4444)2][MBS] had critical temperatures of approximately 43, 33, 22, and 60 °C, respectively, enabling their recovery using temperature. An increase in IL hydrophobicity and bulkiness reduces its miscibility with water, demonstrating that it can be used to tune its thermoresponsive properties. Moreover, the FO performance of 20 wt% aqueous [(P4444)2][MBS] solution was tested for water flux and found to be approximately 10.58 LMH with the active layer facing the draw solution mode and 9.40 LMH with the active layer facing the feed solution.
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Tian M, Ma T, Goh K, Pei Z, Chong JY, Wang YN. Forward Osmosis Membranes: The Significant Roles of Selective Layer. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100955. [PMID: 36295714 PMCID: PMC9607867 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a promising separation technology to overcome the challenges of pressure-driven membrane processes. The FO process has demonstrated profound advantages in treating feeds with high salinity and viscosity in applications such as brine treatment and food processing. This review discusses the advancement of FO membranes and the key membrane properties that are important in real applications. The membrane substrates have been the focus of the majority of FO membrane studies to reduce internal concentration polarization. However, the separation layer is critical in selecting the suitable FO membranes as the feed solute rejection and draw solute back diffusion are important considerations in designing large-scale FO processes. In this review, emphasis is placed on developing FO membrane selective layers with a high selectivity. The effects of porous FO substrates in synthesizing high-performance polyamide selective layer and strategies to overcome the substrate constraints are discussed. The role of interlayer in selective layer synthesis and the benefits of nanomaterial incorporation will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Pei
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101417, China
| | - Jeng Yi Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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Cunningham MF, Jessop PG. Carbon Dioxide Switchable Polymers – Recent Developments and Emerging Applications. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering 19 Division Street Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry 90 Bader Lane Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Philip G. Jessop
- Department of Chemistry 90 Bader Lane Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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Joafshan M, Shakeri A, Razavi SR, Salehi H. Gas responsive magnetic nanoparticle as novel draw agent for removal of Rhodamine B via forward osmosis: High water flux and easy regeneration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Riabtseva A, Ellis SN, Champagne P, Jessop PG, Cunningham MF. CO 2-Responsive Branched Polymers for Forward Osmosis Applications: The Effect of Branching on Draw Solute Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Riabtseva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah N. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- INRS, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Philip G. Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Cruz-Tato P, Richardson TMJ, Romero-Mangado J, Flynn M, Nicolau E. Performance Evaluation of 1-Cyclohexylpiperidine as a Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis Water Separation and CO 2 Recovery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25919-25926. [PMID: 33073118 PMCID: PMC7558060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based technologies, such as forward osmosis (FO), offer the advantage of treating water through a spontaneous process that requires minimal energy input while achieving favorable water permeability and selectivity. However, the FO process still has some challenges that need to be solved or improved to become entirely feasible. The main impediment for this technology is the recovery of the draw solute used to generate the osmotic potential in the process. In this paper, we discuss the use of a switchable polarity solvent, 1-cyclohexylpiperidine (CHP), as a draw solute that responds to external stimuli. Specifically, the miscibility of CHP can be switched by the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and is reversible by applying heat. Thus, in this study, the hydrophobic CHP is first converted to the hydrophilic ammonium salt (CHPH+), and its capability as a draw solution (DS) is thoroughly evaluated against the typical osmotic agent, sodium chloride (NaCl). Our results show that the water permeability across the thin film composite membrane increases by 69% when CHPH+ is used as the DS. Also, the water permeability when using different feed solutions: aqueous solutions of (a) urea and (b) NaCl were evaluated. In both cases, the CHPH+ generates water fluxes in the range of 65 ± 4 LMH and 69 ± 2 LMH, respectively. We then separate the diluted DS by applying 75 °C to the solution to recover the pure CHP and water. The results of this work provide a proof-of-concept of a CHP wastewater and desalination method via an FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cruz-Tato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 University
Ave. 1701, San Juan, Puerto
Rico 00925, United
States
- Molecular
Sciences Research Center, University of
Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, United States
| | | | - Jaione Romero-Mangado
- Bioengineering
Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Michael Flynn
- Bioengineering
Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 University
Ave. 1701, San Juan, Puerto
Rico 00925, United
States
- Molecular
Sciences Research Center, University of
Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, United States
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