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Wu X, Hartmann P, Berne D, De Bruyn M, Cuminet F, Wang Z, Zechner JM, Boese AD, Placet V, Caillol S, Barta K. Closed-loop recyclability of a biomass-derived epoxy-amine thermoset by methanolysis. Science 2024; 384:eadj9989. [PMID: 38603486 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Epoxy resin thermosets (ERTs) are an important class of polymeric materials. However, owing to their highly cross-linked nature, they suffer from poor recyclability, which contributes to an unacceptable level of environmental pollution. There is a clear need for the design of inherently recyclable ERTs that are based on renewable resources. We present the synthesis and closed-loop recycling of a fully lignocellulose-derivable epoxy resin (DGF/MBCA), prepared from dimethyl ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (DMFD), 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (MBCA), and glycidol, which displays excellent thermomechanical properties (a glass transition temperature of 170°C, and a storage modulus at 25°C of 1.2 gigapascals). Notably, the material undergoes methanolysis in the absence of any catalyst, regenerating 90% of the original DMFD. The diamine MBCA and glycidol can subsequently be reformed by acetolysis. Application and recycling of DGF/MBCA in glass and plant fiber composites are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hartmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Cuminet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Adrian Daniel Boese
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vincent Placet
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST, 2500 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Katalin Barta
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Hernández MS, Ludueña LN, Flores SK. Citric acid, chitosan and oregano essential oil impact on physical and antimicrobial properties of cassava starch films. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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3
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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4
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Molecular Compatibility and Hydrogen Bonding Mechanism of PES/PEI Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153046. [PMID: 35956562 PMCID: PMC9370605 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-performance polymer membranes has sparked a lot of attention in recent years. Polymer blending is a potential method of modification. A limitation, however, is the compatibility of blends at the molecular level. In this investigation, polyethersulfone/polyetherimide hollow fiber membranes were prepared by the solution blending method. Compatibility, hydrogen bonding, crystallinity, microstructure, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, and transmissibility of blended membranes were also characterized. The compatibility and hydrogen bonding action of the two components were confirmed by DSC, FTIR, XPS, and XRD. The structure exhibits a C−H···O interaction motif with the sulfone group acting as a hydrogen bond acceptor from a methyl C−H donor. The π–π stacking between the two polymers arranged molecules more orderly, resulting in enhanced intermolecular interactions. Compared to polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes, the hydrophilic, mechanical properties, and rejection rate of the blended membranes are more effectively enhanced. Self-assembly of the host polymer with a polymer capable of forming hydrogen bonds to construct controllable blends is a crucial and proven method.
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5
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Chang CY, Chen YF, Tsai YT, Huang CF, Pan YT, Tsai DH. Sustainable Synthesis of Epoxides from Halohydrin Cyclization by Composite Solid-Based Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ta Tsai
- Chang Chun Plastic Co., Ltd., 7F, No. 301, Songjiang Rd., Taipei 104070, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Fu Huang
- Chang Chun Plastic Co., Ltd., 7F, No. 301, Songjiang Rd., Taipei 104070, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Tin Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - De-Hao Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Veetil R, Soundiraraju B, Mathew D, Kalamblayil Sankaranarayanan SK. End-Terminated Poly(urethane-urea) Hybrid Approach toward Nanoporous/Microfilament Morphology. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6280-6291. [PMID: 35224390 PMCID: PMC8867484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of heteroatomic hydrogen bonding on the properties of -OH/-NH-terminated soft-segment-free polymers, viz, polyurethane (P-UT), polyurea (P-UR), and their hybrid (P-UT-UR), is explored. P-UT was synthesized from phloroglucinol and P-UR was synthesized from 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine by employing hexamethylene diisocyanate as a counterpart. P-UT exhibited a spherulitic structure with varying sizes, whereas P-UR displayed a fibrillar structure characteristic as that of crystalline hard segments. The P-UT-UR hybrid exhibited a fine nanospherulitic structure with a high order of interconnectivity. Negative surface skewness values of -0.47 and -0.18 were measured (by AFM) for P-UT and P-UT-UR, respectively, which revealed that the surface is not smooth and is covered with features. Due to the increased H-bonding (-N-H···O-H) in P-UT-UR, its transparency decreased. A block copolymer hybrid of urethane-urea was synthesized, which preferred homoatomic H-bonding, whereas random urethane/urea bridges favored hetreoheteroatom H-bonding. A pentafluorophenyl end-functional hybrid (PFI-P-UT-UR) was synthesized, which displayed filaments of ∼2-3 μm length in contrast to the interconnected nanospherulitic structure observed for P-UT-UR. The self-aggregation and end folding led to the formation of a filament structure. By altering the chemical structure slightly, nano-ordered polyurethanes or their hybrids can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
Edachery Veetil
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Division, Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Bhuvaneswari Soundiraraju
- Analytical
and Spectroscopy Division, Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Dona Mathew
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Division, Vikram Sarabhai
Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Qin Z, Zhang X, Yang F, Qiao L, Yang R. Mechanical and flame‐retardant properties and thermal decomposition of vinyl ester resin modified by different phenyl silsesquioxanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Liang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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Ruan X, Wei F, Yang L, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Interpretation of the mechanism of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane synthesis over HY zeolites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34719-34728. [PMID: 35514382 PMCID: PMC9056866 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activities of zeolites HY, Hβ and HZSM-5 in the heterogeneous synthesis of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (MOCA) from o-chloroaniline and formaldehyde were pre-screened in an autoclave, and HY demonstrated better performance than others. Kinetic behaviors of MOCA synthesis over HY(11) were further investigated in a fixed bed continuous flow reactor, and under the conditions of the catalyst bed volume = 20 mL (8.14 g), n(o-chloroaniline) : n(HCHO) = 4 : 1, LHSV = 3.5 h−1, 0.5 MPa and 443 K, HCHO conversion and MOCA selectivity steadily fluctuated at high levels of 90–92% and 75–77% during 16 h, respectively. Catalysts were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD and XRD, products analyzed by HPLC, and reaction intermediates identified by LC/MS and 1H NMR. The mechanism of MOCA synthesis has been interpreted in detail, which also suggested that deposition of basic intermediates on active sites and accumulation of polymeric by-products in pore channels of the catalyst could cause significant decay of HY(11) activity and selectivity under severe conditions. Supplementary tests on catalyst regeneration confirmed that the acidity and surface area of spent HY(11) could be well recovered after burning off the deposited by-products. Catalytic activities of zeolites HY, Hβ and HZSM-5 in the heterogeneous synthesis of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (MOCA) from o-chloroaniline and formaldehyde were pre-screened in an autoclave, and HY demonstrated better performance than others.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ruan
- NingboTech University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Feng Wei
- NingboTech University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Li Yang
- NingboTech University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
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