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Li J, Wei C, Han Y, Hu C. Recent advances in oxidative catalytic applications of polyoxovanadate-based inorganic-organic hybrids. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12582-12596. [PMID: 37646095 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxovanadates (POVs) have received widespread attention in catalytic applications due to their various structures and remarkable redox properties. By introducing a second transition metal, POV-based inorganic-organic hybrid (POVH) catalysts show increasing stability and more catalytic active sites compared with pure POVs. In this perspective article, POVH materials as oxidative catalysts have been classified into two main categories according to the interactions between transition metal-complex units and POV clusters: (i) hybrids with metal-organic units act as isolated cations and (ii) hybrids with an organic ligand coordinate to the second transition metal, which is further linked to a POV cluster via oxygen bridges directly or indirectly to give zero-, one-, two- or three-dimensional supramolecular structures. The oxidative conversion of organic compounds, including thiophene derivatives, thioethers, alkanes, alcohols, and alkenes, and oxidative detoxification of a sulfur mustard simulant or degradation of lignin, along with the oxidative photo/electrocatalytic transformation of organic compounds catalyzed by POVH materials, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects toward the development of POVH catalysts are explored briefly from our perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, 271021, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanping Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, 271021, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yinfeng Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an, 271021, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
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Dang K, Dong H, Wang L, Jiang M, Jiang S, Sun W, Wang D, Tian Y. Boosting Electrochemical Styrene Transformation via Tandem Water Oxidation over a Single-Atom Cr 1 /CoSe 2 Catalyst. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200302. [PMID: 35460128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation of organics using water as the oxygen source is a prospective but challenging method to produce high-value-added chemicals; especially, the competitive oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits its efficiency. Herein, a tandem catalysis strategy based on a single-atom catalyst with Cr atoms atomically dispersed at a CoSe2 support (Cr1 /CoSe2 ) is presented. Thereinto, Co and Cr sites are endowed with a specific function to activate water and styrene respectively, and the competition between the OER and styrene oxidation is turned into mutual benefits via cooperated active sites. Under a potential of 1.6 VAg/AgCl , excellent selectivity of 95% to benzaldehyde and a high conversion rate of styrene at 88% without any exogenous oxidizing reagent are achieved. Isotopic tracing, isotope-labeled in situ Raman spectra, and detailed theoretical calculation further reveal the tandem mechanism, showing that the transfer of *OOH intermediates from the Co to the Cr sites serves as a bridge to link the oxidation of water and styrene. This work develops a new strategy for the co-oxidation of multi-species based on tandem catalysis, providing novel insights for the design of single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Sun
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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Cui WJ, Zhang SM, Ma YY, Wang Y, Miao RX, Han ZG. Polyoxometalate-Incorporated Metal-Organic Network as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Aryl Alkenes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9421-9432. [PMID: 35700095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of aryl alkenes is important for chemical synthesis reactions, in which the key lies in the rational design of efficient catalysts. Herein, four polyoxometalate (POM)-incorporated metal-organic networks, with the formulas of [Co(ttb)(H2O)3]2[SiMo12O40]·2H2O (1), [Co(ttb)(H2O)2]2[SiW12O40]·8H2O (2), [Zn(Httb)(H2ttb)][BW12O40]·9H2O (3) and {[Zn(H2O)3(ttb)]4[Zn3(H2O)6]}[H3SiW10.5Zn1.5O40]2·24H2O (4) (ttb = 1,3,5-tri(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Structural analysis showed that compound 1 consists of a POM-encapsulated three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular framework; compound 2 is composed of a POM-supported 3-D coordination network; and compounds 3-4 show POM-incorporated 3-D supramolecular networks. Using selective catalytic oxidation of styrene as the model reaction, compounds 1-4 as heterogeneous catalysts display excellent performance with the double advantages of high styrene conversion and benzaldehyde selectivity owing to the synergistic effect among POM anions and transition metal (TM) centers. Among them, compound 1 exhibits the highest performance with ca. 96% styrene conversion and ca. 99% benzaldehyde selectivity in 3 h. In addition, compound 1 also displays excellent substrate compatibility, good reusability, and structural stability. Thus, a plausible reaction pathway for the selective oxidation of styrene is proposed. This study on the structure-function relationship paves a way for the rational design of POM-based heterogeneous catalysts for important catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Meng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Miao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Gang Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
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Shi Y, Zhou T, Di JQ, Wang W, Ma L, Zhang H, Gao Y. Three Si-substituted polyoxovanadates as efficient catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation and selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3304-3313. [PMID: 35133359 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new Si-substituted polyoxovanadates (POVs), [Cd2(dien)2][Cd(dien)][Cd(Hdien)2][V15Si6O46(OH)2(H2O)]·7H2O (1), [Co(enMe)2]3[Co2(enMe)2(H2O)2][V16Si4O44(OH)2(H2O)]·6H2O (2), and [Co(teta)]4[V16Si4O42(OH)4(H2O)]·10H2O (3) (dien = diethylenetriamine; enMe = 1,2-diaminopropane; teta = triethylenetetramine) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized. Structural analysis sheds light on the fact that the {V15Si6O48}/{V16Si4O46} clusters of compounds 1-3 were formed by replacing {VO5} square pyramids in the classical {V18O42} cluster with {Si2O7} units. Compound 1 is a 2D bilayer structure formed by the [V15Si6O46(OH)2(H2O)]10- cluster and two types of bridging Cd complexes containing binuclear groups [Cd2(dien)2]4+. Compound 2 is a 3D framework constructed from the [V16Si4O44(OH)2(H2O)]10- cluster and two types of Co complex fragments including binuclear [Co2(enMe)2(H2O)2]4+. In compound 3, the [V16Si4O42(OH)4(H2O)]8- cluster is connected with bridging [Co(teta)]2+ to expand into a 2D network. Compounds 1 and 3 represent the first 2D assemblies based on a vanadosilicate cluster. 1-3 served as heterogeneous catalysts and exhibited highly efficient catalytic activities for the Knoevenagel condensation under mild ambient conditions with low catalyst loading, featuring the open Lewis base {V15Si6O48}/{V16Si4O46} sites and Lewis acid Cd2+/Co2+ sites. The conversion of benzaldehyde was up to 99.3% in 80 min at room temperature using 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst with only 0.37% catalyst loading. Moreover, compounds 1-3 as catalysts for selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde exhibited excellent catalytic performance, high selectivity and could be readily recycled. Most strikingly, compound 1 showed excellent catalytic performance with 97.6% conversion of styrene and 100% selectivity of benzaldehyde in 15 min. In addition, the catalytic activity of catalyst 1 was well maintained after five cycling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Qi Di
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Li Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanzhe Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, National Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China.
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Deng M, Chen X, Qiao Y, Shi Z, Wang J, Zhu H, Gu L, Qi C, Zhang Y. Isolation, absolute configurations and bioactivities of pestaphilones A-I: Undescribed methylated side chain containing-azaphilones from Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113045. [PMID: 34875525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nine undescribed side chain containing azaphilones, pestaphilones A-I, were isolated from the Anoectochilus roxburghii endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi. The structures of these isolates were identified by spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and comparisons, quantum-chemical 13C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD, acetonide formation, selective oxidation reaction and X-ray crystallographic data. Structurally, pestaphilones A-I were the first azaphilones characteristically formed via a methyl group at C-9 in the C7 side chain. More importantly, a selective oxidation reaction was firstly set up to resolve the absolute configuration of flexible side chain containing azaphilones, and an acetonide formation based Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD experiment was performed to identify the configurations of the oxygenated pyranoquinone core in the azaphilones. In bioassay, pestaphilones A-F displayed potential immunosuppressive activity in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, with IC50 values ranging from (9.36 ± 1.14) μM to (35.21 ± 3.25) μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuben Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changxing Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Sultana SY, Talukdar H, Borah BJ, Sharma M, Islam NS. Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of new oxovanadium(V) complexes with deferiprone and N,N-donor ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Andrade MA, Martins LMDRS. Selective Styrene Oxidation to Benzaldehyde over Recently Developed Heterogeneous Catalysts. Molecules 2021; 26:1680. [PMID: 33802853 PMCID: PMC8002843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective oxidation of styrene under heterogeneous catalyzed conditions delivers environmentally friendly paths for the production of benzaldehyde, an important intermediate for the synthesis of several products. The present review explores heterogeneous catalysts for styrene oxidation using a variety of metal catalysts over the last decade. The use of several classes of supports is discussed, including metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon materials and silicas, among others. The studied catalytic systems propose as most used oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide and mild reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism proceeds through the generation of an intermediate reactive metal-oxygen species by catalyst-oxidant interactions. Overall, most of the studies highlight the synergetic effects among the metal and support for the activity and selectivity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbn, Portugal;
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Liu J, Wang H, Ye R, Jian P, Wang L. Promotional effect of Mn-doping on the catalytic performance of NiO sheets for the selective oxidation of styrene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:61-71. [PMID: 33279707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct oxidation of styrene into high-value chemicals under mild reaction conditions remains a great challenge in both academia and industry. Herein, we report a successful electronic structure modulation of intrinsic NiO sheets via Mn-doping towards the oxidation of styrene. By doping NiO with only a small content of Mn (Mn/Ni atomic ratio of 0.030), a 75.0% yield of STO can be achieved under the optimized reaction conditions, which is 2.13 times higher than that of the pure NiO. In addition, the catalyst exhibits robust stability and good recycling performance. The performance enhancement originates from the synergistic effect regarding the abundant Ni(II) species, the rich oxygen vacancy sites and the large amount of surface redox centers. This work provides new findings of the elemental-doping-induced multifunctionality in designing powerful catalysts for the efficient and selective oxidation of styrene and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Rongfei Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Panming Jian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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Wanna WH, Janmanchi D, Thiyagarajan N, Ramu R, Tsai YF, Yu SSF. Selective Oxidation of Simple Aromatics Catalyzed by Nano-Biomimetic Metal Oxide Catalysts: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:589178. [PMID: 33195091 PMCID: PMC7649321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.589178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of selective oxy-functionalization of hydrocarbons using peroxide, O3, H2O2, O2, and transition metals can be carried out by the reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl/hydroperoxyl radical and/or metal oxygenated species generated in the catalytic reaction. Thus, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the selective catalytic oxidation of various hydrocarbons including light alkanes, olefins, and simple aromatics by the biological metalloproteins and their biomimetics either in their homogeneous or heterogeneous platforms. Most studies involving these metalloproteins are Fe or Cu monooxygenases. The pathways carried out by these metalloenzymes in the oxidation of C-H bonds invoke either radical reaction mechanisms including Fenton's chemistry and hydrogen atom transfer followed by radical rebound reaction mechanism or electrophilic oxygenation/O-atom transfer by metal-oxygen species. In this review, we discuss the metal oxide nano-catalysts obtained from metal salts/molecular precursors (M = Cu, Fe, and V) that can easily form in situ through the oxidation of substrates using H2O2(aq) in CH3CN, and be facilely separated from the reaction mixtures as well as recycled for several times with comparable catalytic efficiency for the highly selective conversion from hydrocarbons including aromatics to oxygenates. The mechanistic insights revealed from the oxy-functionalization of simple aromatics mediated by the novel biomimetic metal oxide materials can pave the way toward developing facile, cost-effective, and highly efficient nano-catalysts for the selective partial oxidation of simple aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ravirala Ramu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering and Science, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cui WJ, Zhao Q, Zhu HT, Hu N, Ma YY, Han ZG, Li YG. Keggin-type polyoxometalate-based supramolecular complex for selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1821881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Gang Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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