1
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Yang B, Yan S, Zhang Y, Feng F, Huang W. Stimuli-responsive luminescence from polar cyano/isocyano-derived luminophores via structural tailoring and self-assembly. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5320-5341. [PMID: 38411983 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polar cyano fragments and their isomeric isocyano counterparts have attracted great attention as stimuli-responsive luminescent materials in a wide range of fields including organic light-emitting diode devices, chemical fluorescent sensors, photoelectric semiconductors, anti-counterfeit products, etc., mainly because of their typical electron-deficient activity, noncovalent recognition ability, and variable coordination capacity. The electron-deficient and polar nature of these blocks have significant effects on the properties of the cyano/isocyano-based luminophore materials, especially concerning their condensed state-dependent electronic structures. Among them, donor-acceptor (D-A) derived unimolecular and co-assembled luminophores have attracted more attention because their large delocalized structures and noncovalent interaction recognition sites can rebuild the electronic transfer character in the aggregative state, thus endowing them with outstanding stimuli-responsive luminescent behavior via intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer in polytropic morphologies. In this perspective paper, we give a brief introduction on stimuli-responsive organic and coordinated luminophores and the documented typical design concepts and applications in recent years. It is expected that this perspective article will not only summarize the recent developments of polar cyano/isocyano-derived luminophores and their coordination compounds via structural tailoring and self-assembly but also throw light on the future of the design of more sophisticated stimuli-responsive architectures and their versatile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Suqiong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Fanda Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518005, P. R. China
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2
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Romo-Islas G, Gil-Moles M, Saxena A, Frontera A, Gimeno MC, Rodríguez L. Effect of substituents on the 1O 2 production and biological activity of (N^N^N)Pt(py) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2475-2486. [PMID: 38174938 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Twelve (N^N^N)platinum pyridyl complexes, (N^N^N)Pt(pyF), were synthesised and investigated for their singlet oxygen generation and potential biological activities. They exhibited 1IL and 1MLCT absorption transitions at approximately 325 and 360 nm, identified through TD-DFT calculations. Luminescence was observed only in the L1-derived compounds in solution, with a dual emission with the main contribution of phosphorescence under deaerated conditions. Room temperature phosphorescence was detected in all solid-state cases. Electron-withdrawing substituents at specific positions (R1 and X) and the number of fluorine atoms in R2 were found to enhance the photosensitizing capabilities of these compounds. Biological assessments, including cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity, were conducted to evaluate their potential as chemotherapeutic agents and photosensitizers. Complexes with chloro substitution in the N^N^N tridentate ligand of the central pyridine ring exhibited promising chemotherapeutic properties. Ancillary pyridine ring substitution became significant under irradiation conditions, with fluoromethylated substituents enhancing cytotoxicity. Complex 2-CF3 was the most efficient singlet oxygen producer and a highly effective photosensitizer. CHF2-substituted complexes also showed improved photosensitizing activity. DNA binding studies indicated moderate interactions with DNA, offering insights into potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Romo-Islas
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Gil-Moles
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación de Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de la Rioja. Complejo Científico-Tecnológico, 26004, Logroño, Spain
| | - Arnav Saxena
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Jordan R, Maisuls I, Nair SS, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Strassert CA, Klein A. Enhanced luminescence properties through heavy ancillary ligands in [Pt(C^N^C)(L)] complexes, L = AsPh 3 and SbPh 3. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38013458 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03225f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In the frame of our research aiming to develop efficient triplet-emitting materials, we are exploring the concept of introducing additional heavy atoms into cyclometalated transition metal complexes to enhance intersystem-crossing (ISC) and thus triplet emission through increased spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In an in-depth proof-of-principle study we investigated the double cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes [Pt(C^N^C)(PnPh3)] (HC^N^CH = 2,6-diphenyl-pyridine (H2dpp) or dibenzoacridine (H2dba); Pn = pnictogen atoms P, As, Sb, or Bi) through a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The derivatives containing Pn = P, As, and Sb were synthesised and characterised comprehensively using single crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD), UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Across the series P < As < Sb, a red-shift is observed concerning absorption and emission maxima as well as optical and electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps. Increased photoluminescence quantum yields ΦL and radiative rates kr from mixed metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)/ligand centred (LC) triplet states are observed for the heavier homologues. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed processes in the ps range that were assigned to the population of the T1 state by ISC. The heavy PnPh3 ancillary ligands are found to enhance the emission efficiency due to both higher Pt-Pn bond strength and stronger SOC related to increased MLCT character of the excited states. The experimental findings are mirrored in hybrid (TD-)DFT calculations. This allowed for extrapolation to the rather elusive Bi derivatives, which were synthetically not accessible. This shortcoming is attributed to the transmetalation of phenyl groups from BiPh3 to Pt, as supported by experimental NMR/MS as well as DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Jordan
- University of Cologne, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Shruthi S Nair
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies Jena (IPHT), Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty for Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
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4
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Lázaro A, Bosque R, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Crespo M, Rodríguez L. Toward Near-Infrared Emission in Pt(II)-Cyclometallated Compounds: From Excimers' Formation to Aggregation-Induced Emission. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2000-2012. [PMID: 36696563 PMCID: PMC9906741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two series of Pt(II)-cyclometallated compounds containing N^C^N tridentate and alkynyl-chromophore ligands have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The N^C^N ligands differ on the presence of R1 = H or F in the central aromatic ring, while six different chromophores have been introduced to the alkynyl moiety. Single-crystal X-ray structures for some of the compounds reveal the presence of weak intermolecular contacts responsible for the formation of some dimers or aggregates. The photophysical characterization shows the presence of two emission bands in solution assigned to the 3π-π* transition from the N^C^N ligands mixed with 3MLCT/3ILCT transitions (higher energy band) in deaerated samples. The formation of excimers has also been identified as a broad band at longer wavelengths [near-infrared (NIR) emission] that becomes the main emission band for compounds containing phenanthrene as the chromophore. NIR emission behavior has also been explored using acetonitrile/water mixtures, and the presence of aggregates that emit at ca. 650 nm has also been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Lázaro
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Bosque
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Margarita Crespo
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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5
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de Aquino A, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Aullón G, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Intra- vs Intermolecular Aurophilic Contacts in Dinuclear Gold(I) Compounds: Impact on the Population of the Triplet Excited State. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20931-20941. [PMID: 36512673 PMCID: PMC9795547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two series of dinuclear gold(I) complexes that contain two Au-chromophore units (chromophore = dibenzofurane or dimethylfluorene) connected through a diphosphane bridge that differs in the flexibility and length (diphosphane = dppb for 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, DPEphos for bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, xanthphos for 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene, and BiPheP for 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-biphenyl) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Their photophysical properties have been carefully investigated, paying attention to the role of the presence, or absence, of aurophilic contacts and their nature (intra- or intermolecular character). This analysis was permitted due to the X-ray crystallographic determination of all of the structures of the compounds discussed herein. The quantum yields of the triplet population, ϕT, have been calculated by nanosecond-laser flash photolysis measurements, and we could determine the main role of the character of the aurophilic contacts in the resulting ϕT, being especially favored in the presence of intermolecular contacts. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations support the absorption and emission assignments and the shorter distance between S1 and the closest triplet excited state energy in the case of the compounds with a higher triplet-state population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli de Aquino
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskylä, Finland
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal,
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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6
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Gutierrez Suburu ME, Maisuls I, Kösters J, Strassert CA. Room-temperature luminescence from Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes: from mechanochromic crystals to flexible polymer matrices. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13342-13350. [PMID: 35983882 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Pd(II) (PdLOMe, PdLOHex) and Pt(II) (PtLOMe, PtLOHex) complexes bearing tetradentate ligands as dianionic luminophores were synthesized. Hence, the cyclometallating chelators were alternatively decorated with two n-hexyloxy (LOHex) or two methoxy (LOMe) moieties to promote crystallization and processability. The new compounds were unambiguously characterized by means of multiple NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry as well as by single crystal X-ray diffractometric analysis (PtLOMe and PdLOMe). Steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic studies were carried out in crystalline phases, in fluid solutions at room temperature, in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K and in a flexible polymeric matrix (PMMA). PtLOMe presents an intriguing mechanochromism resulting from the responsive metal-metal interactions involving adjacent monomeric units. Incorporation of the Pd(II) complexes into the polymeric matrix boosts their photophysical properties by stiffening of the coordination environment while reducing non-radiative deactivation pathways mediated by dissociative metal-centred states, which also become thermally inaccessible at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, D-48149 Münster, Germany. .,CeNTech, SoN, CiMIC, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Munster, Germany
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7
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Fricker AE, Samolova E, Rheingold AL, Green DB, Brereton KR, Fritsch JM. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and crystallography of magnesium, aluminum, and zinc complexes supported by a tridentate ketoiminate. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Cunha C, Pinto A, Galvão A, Rodríguez L, Seixas de Melo JS. Aggregation-Induced Emission with Alkynylcoumarin Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes: Photophysical, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6964-6976. [PMID: 35475605 PMCID: PMC9775461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has gained a remarkable amount of interest in the past 20 years, but the majority of the studies are based on organic structures. Herein, three dinuclear gold(I) complexes, with the general formula [PPh2XPPh2-Au2-Coum2], where the Au(I) atom is linked to three different diphosphanes [PPh2XPPh2; DPPM for X = CH2 (1.1), DPPP for X = (CH2)3 (1.2), and DPPA for X = C≡C (1.3)] and the propynyloxycoumarin precursor (1, 4-methyl-substituted coumarin), have been synthesized. The compounds present AIE characteristics, AIEgens, with high luminescence quantum yields in the solid state when they are compared to dilute solutions. Photophysical studies (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence) were obtained, with AIE being observed with the three gold(I) complexes in acetonitrile/water mixtures. This was further corroborated with dynamic light scattering measurements. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic calculations show that the compounds have different syn and anti conformations (relative to the coumarin core) with 1.1 syn and 1.2 and 1.3 both anti. From time-resolved fluorescence experiments, the augment in the contribution of the longer decay component is found to be associated with the emission of the aggregate (AIE effect) and its nature (involving a dimer) rationalized from TDDFT electronic calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cunha
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1−11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Adelino Galvão
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049 001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1−11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain,Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain,
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- CQC-IMS,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal,
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9
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Arsenault NE, Xu Z, Wolf MO. Lewis Pair-Functionalized Pt(II) Complexes with Tunable Emission Color and Triplet-State Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2804-2812. [PMID: 35099929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two emissive Pt(II) complexes containing dynamic "flexible" Lewis pair (FlexLP) ligands are reported. The FlexLP ligand encompasses a diphenylphosphine oxide Lewis base and a dimesitylborane Lewis acid attached to a bithiophene scaffold, which can switch between an open unbound Lewis pair and a bound P-O-B Lewis adduct depending on the hydrogen bond-donating (HBD) strength of the solvent. [Pt(FlexLP)2] contains two FlexLP ligands, and [Pt(FlexLP)(Py)] contains one FlexLP ligand and one pyrene ligand. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence studies demonstrate that the FlexLP ligands switch between the open Lewis pair and the closed Lewis adduct in MeOH, a strong HBD solvent, and acetone, a weak HBD solvent, respectively, and exhibit tunable emission color depending on the acetone/MeOH solvent ratio. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals a large difference in the triplet-state lifetime depending on the conformation of the FlexLP ligands for both complexes. In the closed form, the triplet-state lifetimes of the two complexes are over an order of magnitude longer compared to that of the complexes in the open conformation. Calculations of optimized geometries suggest that this difference in triplet-state lifetime is due to a difference in the thiophene-thiophene torsion angle between the two conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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10
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Zhang RY, Cui MH, Wang WW, Li WL, Zhao JP, Liu FC. Dicarboxylate Modulating Molecular-Ionic Platinum Compounds with Variable Stacking and Photoluminescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1997-2009. [PMID: 35029375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Under solvothermal conditions, 10 molecular-ionic platinum compounds [Pt(NIA)2]·(L)·nH2O (L = dicarboxylate) were synthesized. In the reaction, acetonitrile undergoes trimerization in situ to generate N-(1-iminoethyl)acetamidine (NIA), which coordinates to PtII ions in forming the N-(1-iminoethyl)acetamidine platinum cation, while the organic carboxylates act as anions. Structural analysis shows that carboxylate ligands regulate the mode of packing of [Pt(NIA)2] in those compounds. Photoluminescence studies show that the photoluminescence behaviors of those compounds also depended on the carboxylate ligands. 1-4, 6, and 7 show blue light emission with fluorescence emission wavelengths of 437-440 nm despite the different carboxylate ligands used. 5 and 8 show green emissions with maximum intensity peak positions of 522 nm. Compared with that of 5 and 8, the emission of 9 and 10 has the same red shifts with peak positions of 567 and 528 nm. The variable-temperature photoluminescence studies reveal that 8 and 10 show two different thermal quenching (TQ) zones in the range of 80-420 K, while the emission intensity of 9 shows negative thermal quenching at low temperatures of 80-220 K and TQ in the range of 220-420 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Peng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Chen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, TKL of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
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11
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Coffey B, Clough L, Bartkus DD, McClellan IC, Greenberg MW, LaFratta CN, Tanski JM, Anderson CM. Photophysical Properties of Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Diphosphine Compounds in the Solid State and in PMMA Films. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28316-28325. [PMID: 34723028 PMCID: PMC8552474 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(II) compounds were synthesized with both chelate cyclometalated ligands and chelate diphosphine ligands. The cyclometalated ligands include phenylpyridine and a benzothiophene-containing ligand. The three new benzothiophene compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and photophysical measurements. In the case of one compound, L1-DPPM, the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural coherence of the noncrystalline emissive solid state was measured by X-ray total scattering real space pair distribution function analysis. Quantum yield values of all of the platinum compounds measured in the solid state and in PMMA films were much greater than in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Coffey
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Lily Clough
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Daphne D. Bartkus
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Ian C. McClellan
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew W. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Christopher N. LaFratta
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Joseph M. Tanski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
| | - Craig M. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
- . Tel.: 845-752-2356. Fax: 845-752-2339
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12
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Monsour CG, Decosto CM, Tafolla-Aguirre BJ, Morales LA, Selke M. Singlet Oxygen Generation, Quenching, and Reactivity with Metal Thiolates. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1219-1240. [PMID: 34242405 DOI: 10.1111/php.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal thiolate complexes can act as photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen, quenchers of singlet oxygen, and they may undergo chemical reactions with singlet oxygen leading to oxidized thiolate ligands. This review covers all of the chemical reactions of thiolate ligands with singlet oxygen (through early 2021). Since some of these reactions are self-sensitized photooxidations, singlet oxygen generation by metal complexes is also discussed. Mechanistic features such as the effects of protic vs. aprotic conditions are presented and compared with the comparatively well-understood photooxidation of organic sulfides. In general, the total rate of singlet oxygen removal correlates with the nucleophilicity of the thiolate ligand which in turn can be influenced by the metal. Some interesting patterns of reactivity have been noted as a result of this survey: Metal thiolate complexes bearing arylthiolate ligands appear to exclusively produce sulfinate (metal-bound sulfone) products upon reaction with singlet oxygen. In contrast, metal thiolate complexes bearing alkylthiolate ligands may produce sulfinate and/or sulfenate (metal-bound sulfoxide) products. Several mechanistic pathways have been proposed for these reactions, but the exact nature of any intermediates remains unknown at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Monsour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles
| | - Cassandra M Decosto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles
| | | | - Luis A Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles
| | - Matthias Selke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles
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13
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Moitra T, Karak P, Chakraborty S, Ruud K, Chakrabarti S. Behind the scenes of spin-forbidden decay pathways in transition metal complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:59-81. [PMID: 33319894 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of the ultrafast photophysics of transition metal complexes following photo-absorption is quite involved as the heavy metal center leads to a complicated and entangled singlet-triplet manifold. This opens up multiple pathways for deactivation, often with competitive rates. As a result, intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence are commonly observed in transition metal complexes. A detailed understanding of such an excited-state structure and dynamics calls for state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methodologies. In this review, we delve into the inability of non-relativistic quantum theory to describe spin-forbidden transitions, which can be overcome by taking into account spin-orbit coupling, whose importance grows with increasing atomic number. We present the quantum chemical theory of phosphorescence and ISC together with illustrative examples. Finally, a few applications are highlighted, bridging the gap between theoretical studies and experimental applications, such as photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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de Aquino A, Caparrós FJ, Aullón G, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Jung Y, Choi H, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Effect of Gold(I) on the Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Ethynylphenanthrene. Chemistry 2020; 27:1810-1820. [PMID: 33151003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two series of gold(I) complexes with the general formulae PR3 -Au-C≡C-phenanthrene (PR3 =PPh3 (1 a/2 a), PMe3 (1 b/2 b), PNaph3 (1 c/2 c)) or (diphos)(Au-C≡C-phenanthrene)2 (diphos=1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm (1 d/2 d), 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, dppb (1 e/2 e)) has been realized. The two series differ in the position of the alkynyl substituent on the phenanthrene chromophore, being at the 9-position (9-ethynylphenanthrene) for the L1 series and at the 2-position (2-ethynylphenanthrene) for the L2 series. The compounds have been fully characterized by 1 H, 31 P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction resolution in the case of compounds 1 a, 1 e, 2 a, and 2 c. The emissive properties of the uncoordinated ligands and corresponding complexes have been studied in solution and within organic matrixes of different polarity (polymethylmethacrylate and Zeonex). Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is observed for all gold(I) complexes whereas only fluorescence can be detected for the pure organic chromophore. In particular, the L2 series presents better luminescent properties regarding the intensity of emission, quantum yields, and RTP effect. Additionally, although the inclusion of all the compounds in organic matrixes induces an enhancement of the observed RTP owing to the decrease in non-radiative deactivation, only the L2 series completely suppresses the fluorescence, giving rise to pure phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Caparrós
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Anderson CM, Coffey B, Morales L, Greenberg MW, Norman M, Weinstein M, Brown G, Tanski JM. Platinum Complexes from C-H Activation of Sterically Hindered [C^N] Donor Benzothiophene Imine Ligands: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26855-26863. [PMID: 33111011 PMCID: PMC7581249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Primary amines and benzothiophene-3-carboxaldehyde were reacted to give four large, bulky imine ligands. These imine ligands were reacted with a tetramethyl platinum dimer and by heteroatom-assisted C-H activation, both monometalated compounds and bismetalated compounds were synthesized. In all cases, five-membered platinacycles were formed. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and one bismetalated compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The UV-vis absorption and emission spectra and the excited-state lifetimes were recorded for these complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT calculations were performed to aid in the assignment of the absorption and emission spectra of the newly synthesized complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Belle Coffey
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Leslie Morales
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew W. Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Matthew Norman
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Michael Weinstein
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Garrett Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York 12504, United States
| | - Joseph M. Tanski
- Department
of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
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