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Nemati Bideh B, Sousaraei A, Moghadam M. Unveiling the key role of metal coordination mode and ligand's side groups on the performance of deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cell. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16070. [PMID: 38992224 PMCID: PMC11239924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Three novel deep-red to near-infrared (DR to NIR) emitters based on mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes with bulky structures were presented herein. For the first time, the unusual effects of metal coordination mode on the electroluminescence properties of a binuclear emitter were investigated. Unexpectedly, the mononuclear complexes showed superior performance in deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells (DR-LEC) compared to the dinuclear complex. Likewise, substituting various ancillary ligands improved the radiance and lifetime of devices by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained efficiency is among the best reported to date for DR-LECs based on ruthenium polypyridyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nemati Bideh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Sousaraei
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
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2
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Li X, Yuan X, Wu Y, Guo H, Liu Q, Huang S. Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoles via I 2-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Amidines with Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5277-5286. [PMID: 38587487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A general and practical method for the construction of various 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles via I2-catalyzed cycloaddition of N-functionalized amidines with hydrazones is reported. This strategy features cheap and readily available catalyst and starting materials, broader substrate scope, and moderate-to-good yields. The mechanism study shows that the existence of hydrogen on the nitrogen of hydrazones is crucial for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyufei Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Guo
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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Nemati Bideh B, Moghadam M, Sousaraei A, Shahpoori Arani B. Phenanthroimidazole as molecularly engineered switch for efficient and highly long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cell. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2287. [PMID: 36759714 PMCID: PMC9911647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on Ir(III) complexes owing to the superior advantages exhibit high potential for display and lighting applications. Herein, a series of Ir(III) complexes based on phenanthroimidazole (PI) as an ancillary ligand were synthesized to achieve efficient and highly stable yellow-to-orange LEC devices with fast response. These complexes exhibit appropriate electrochemical stability and significant suppression of concentration quenching in the thin films compared to the archetype complex. The fabricated LECs showed remarkably long device lifetimes over 1400 and 2100 h and external quantum efficiency of 2 and 3% for yellow and orange-LECs, respectively. The obtained t1/2 for yellow LEC is much higher than archetype [Ir(ppy)2(phen)]+ and their phenanthroline-based analogues reported so far. The incorporation of an ionic tethered functional group on PI, improved the mobility of the emissive layer and reduced the device turn-on time by 75-88%. This study shows a facile functionalization and characterization of the PI ligand as well as its potential application in optoelectronic devices (OLED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nemati Bideh
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Catalysis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Sousaraei
- grid.5607.40000 0001 2353 2622Institut Des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Departamento de Quimica Inorganica Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Behnoosh Shahpoori Arani
- grid.411750.60000 0001 0454 365XCatalysis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang L, Liang H, Huang H, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zheng Q. Performance analysis of a half-batch multi-cell three-dimensional electrode reactor for drilling wastewater: COD removal, energy consumption and hydrodynamic characteristic. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3343-3356. [PMID: 35704415 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although a three-dimensional electrode system (3DES) has made remarkable achievements in improving the property of electrodes and investigating pollutant degradation mechanism, the design of an electrochemical reactor for application in drilling wastewater has not been reported yet. In this study, a novel half-batch multi-cell 3DES reactor was constructed by us to degrade organic compounds from drilling wastewater. The separate effect of electrolysis time, current density, the configuration of granular activated carbon (GAC) electrodes, aeration rate and volumetric recirculation flow on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and energy consumption of the half-batch reactor were analyzed, and further optimization via response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the optimal operation conditions for the reactor included electrolysis time of 100 min, a current density of 9.2 mA/cm2, GAC electrode vertical configuration, an aeration rate of 2.67 L/min and a volumetric recirculation flow of 100 mL/min. Under these conditions, the maximum percentage COD removal was found to be 97.39% with an energy consumption of 77.89 kWh(kg COD)-1. The residence time distribution (RTD) method was carried out in continuous flow pattern to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactor. Results showed that flow rate was the most dominant factor for the flow pattern of the reactor, followed by the aeration rate and current density. The low dispersion number and the percentage of dead volume are 0.214 and 3.87% when the flow rate of 100 mL/min, respectively, which indicates that there is an intermediate flow pattern existing in between plug-flow ideal and complete mixing flow, furthermore, it is close to the plug-flow ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Hong Liang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Hong Huang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Qingchun Wang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Youli Yang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
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Insight into luminescent iridium complexes: Their potential in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Nemati Bideh B, Shahroosvand H. New Molecularly Engineered Binuclear Ruthenium (II) Complexes for Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell (NIR-LEC). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3652-3660. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: From practical point of view, the stability, response time and efficiency of near-infrared light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC) are key factors. By using the high potential of chemical modification potential...
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You C, Wang XQ, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Liao LS, Liao YC, Chou PT, Chi Y. Homoleptic Ir(III) Phosphors with 2-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene Chelates for Efficient Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59023-59034. [PMID: 34865484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we synthesized two series of deep-blue-emitting homoleptic iridium(III) phosphors bearing 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene cyclometalate. Compared with reported synthetic routes using Ag2O as the promoter, herein, we adopted a different strategy to furnish these complexes in high yields. Also, the meridional to facial isomerization was executed in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. These phosphors were examined using NMR spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and photophysical methods. The results revealed that electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl substitution on the N-heterocyclic carbene fragment only gave a minor variation of photoluminescence peak wavelengths and a decrease in radiative lifetime but notable reduction in thermal stabilities. The parent 1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene complexes have been demonstrated to be suitable for use as deep-blue phosphors, with structured emission with the peak max. located at ∼420 nm and with photoluminescence quantum yields in a range of 34.8-42.5% in degassed THF solution at RT. Fabrication of both the phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and phosphor-sensitized OLEDs (or hyperphosphorescence) was successfully conducted, from which the OLED device based on m-tz1 showed a max. external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10% with CIEx,y coordinates of 0.15, 0.06, while the corresponding hyperphosphorescent OLED using m-tz2 as a sensitizer and t-DABNA as a terminal emitter afforded a significantly improved max. EQE of 19.7%, EL λmax of 468 nm, and FWHM of 31 nm with CIEx,y coordinates of 0.12, 0.13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifa You
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xue-Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yu-Chan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Jeong WJ, Lee JI, Kwak HJ, Jeon JM, Shin DY, Kang MS, Kim JY. Effect of Optical and Morphological Control of Single-Structured LEC Device. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070843. [PMID: 34357253 PMCID: PMC8303555 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the performance of single-structured light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) devices with Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 polymer composite as an emission layer by controlling thickness and heat treatment. When the thickness was smaller than 120–150 nm, the device performance decreased because of the low optical properties and non-dense surface properties. On the other hand, when the thickness was over than 150 nm, the device had too high surface roughness, resulting in high-efficiency roll-off and poor device stability. With 150 nm thickness, the absorbance increased, and the surface roughness was low and dense, resulting in increased device characteristics and better stability. The heat treatment effect further improved the surface properties, thus improving the device characteristics. In particular, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) reduction rate was shallow at 100 °C, which indicates that the LEC device has stable operating characteristics. The LEC device exhibited a maximum luminance of 3532 cd/m2 and an EQE of 1.14% under 150 nm thickness and 100 °C heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Jeong
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.M.J.); (D.Y.S.)
| | - Jong Ik Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.I.L.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Hee Jung Kwak
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.M.J.); (D.Y.S.)
| | - Jae Min Jeon
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.M.J.); (D.Y.S.)
| | - Dong Yeol Shin
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.M.J.); (D.Y.S.)
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.I.L.); (M.S.K.)
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.J.J.); (H.J.K.); (J.M.J.); (D.Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1732
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Song Y, Ren H, Meng X, He L. Cationic iridium complexes with an alkyl-linked bulky group at the cyclometalating ligand: synthesis, characterization, and suppression of phosphorescence concentration-quenching. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02375f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic iridium complexes with a bulky 2,2-diphenylethyl group at the cyclometalating ligand show remarkably suppressed phosphorescence concentration-quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Song
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Meng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Yu R, Song Y, Chen M, He L. Green to blue-green-emitting cationic iridium complexes with a CF 3-substituted phenyl-triazole type cyclometalating ligand: synthesis, characterization and their use for efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8084-8095. [PMID: 34018518 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Green to blue-green-emitting cationic iridium complexes free of sp2 C-F bonds, namely [Ir(CF3-dPhTAZ)2(bpy)]PF6 (1), [Ir(CF3-dPhTAZ)2(dmebpy)]PF6 (2) and [Ir(CF3-dPhTAZ)2(phpyim)]PF6 (3), have been designed and synthesized with 3,4-diphenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (CF3-dPhTAZ) as the cyclometalating ligand (C^N) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmebpy) or 2-(1-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (phpyim) as the ancillary ligand (N^N). In CH3CN solution, complexes 1-3 afford green to blue-green emission centered at 521, 508 and 498 nm, respectively. The electron-withdrawing CF3 group attached at the triazole ring in CF3-dPhTAZ largely blue-shifts (by over 20 nm) the emission of the complex through stabilizing the highest occupied molecular orbital. In doped films, the complexes afford sky-blue emission with near-unity phosphorescent efficiencies. In neat films, the complexes show largely suppressed phosphorescence concentration-quenching, with phosphorescent efficiencies of up to 0.66. Theoretical calculations reveal that the emission of the complexes can arise from either charge-transfer (Ir → C^N/C^N → N^N) or C^N/N^N-centered 3π-π* states, depending on the local environment of the complexes. Solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) based on the complexes afford green to blue-green electroluminescence centered at 525, 517 and 509 nm, respectively, with high current efficiencies of up to 35.1 cd A-1. The work reveals that CF3-dPhTAZ is a promising C^N ligand free of sp2 C-F bonds for constructing efficient cationic iridium complexes with blue-shifted emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyou Yu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjun Song
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Mengzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Lei He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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Olesiejuk M, Kudelko A, Świątkowski M. Highly Luminescent 4 H-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Photophysical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5627. [PMID: 33321753 PMCID: PMC7764194 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
An alternative approach to the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction is used to synthesize a series of new luminophores based on 4-alkyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole cores conjugated via 1,4-phenylene linker to fused-bicyclic and tricyclic aromatic, or heteroaromatic arrangements. The described methodology allows one to conduct the coupling reaction with the use of commercially available boronic acids in the presence of conventional solvents or ionic liquids and produced excellent yields. It was found that the use of ultrasounds or microwaves significantly accelerates the reaction. The obtained compounds exhibited high luminescent properties and a large quantum yield of emitted photons. The X-ray molecular structures of three highly conjugated 4H-1,2,4-triazole representatives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olesiejuk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kudelko
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Marcin Świątkowski
- Department of X-ray Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, PL-90924 Łódź, Poland;
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